Ancient China
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Ancient China
...... Formally believed to be a mythical city, the now excavated Erlitou is considered to be the hub of Xia and Shang culture. Characteristic of the Erlitou excavation are the raised platforms made of rammed earth. Assumed to be the residences of elite Xia and Shang, the entrances to the residences face south as do many modern Chinese structures (Class unit: 12). Some researchers refer to the residences as palaces because of their size and scope as well as their apparently being the residences of the aristocracy (The Evolution of Complex Societies in China,: 443). Erlitou tombs offer further evidence of class stratification in Xia and Shang culture, as most of the excavated tombs were constructed for an elite ruling class
Angang is another Shang site with complex architecture, burial grounds, and other evidence of social stratification. Excavations at Angang reveal an intensification of autocratic rule, as many of the tombs contained what appear to be human sacrifices (The Evolution of Complex Societies in China,: 447). Specialization of labor was also evidence in the Shang culture, and some Shang villages specialized in certain crafts or trades. Military campaigns allowed the Shang to control vast amounts of human as well as
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