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Excerpt from 'Literature Review' chapter:

History of Management of 4 periods in Ancient Civilisation

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The Romans took over the totalitarian system of the Ptolemies and made it more efficient. For example, they "introduced a regular census taken every fourteen years," in which the owner or occupier "of every house was required to make under oath a return of his house and all its occupants, of every age and condition, to a commission appointed for the purpose." (Platt, and Hefny 20)


The importance of management and administration in ancient Egypt is comprehensively summarized and explored in Wilkinsons work entitled Early Dynastic Egypt (1999). The central theme of this work explores various aspects of administration and management. The author emphasizes the supreme achievement of Egypts early rulers in creating mechanisms of rule which were to survive, virtually unchanged, for the next three thousand years. (Wilkinson 113) These managerial mechanisms included economic as well as political and ideological aspects, which were all important in the exercise of authority and governance
Wilkinson goes on to make an important connection between successful administrative and managerial principles and economic control, as well as political power. The economy, then, emerges as the central concern of the Early Dynastic administration, for without adequate command of Egypts economic resources, the state simply