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Philosophy of Religion God and Morality

...... This proof, Kant points out (372), is compelling on grounds of not logical, but moral certainty, but those who accept it are able to ground their moral aspirations in something like rational certainty without needing to fall back on faith in God. In fact, there is a sense here in which the will to do good deeds restores God to the universe as the fountainhead of morality, with the famous categorical imperative substituting for specific divine commandments. However, those who are not already convinced that moral truths are possiblewho are not already morally certaintend to find this argument circular (Palmer 259)
For the rest of us, it is a very different proposition to develop and defend a moral framework in the absence of religious certainty. We can simply reframe our notions of good and evil in terms of personal responsibility, as Kierkegaard does when he defines wrongdoing (sin) as the very absence of certainty itself. In this approach, human nature is split between conviction (or faith) on the one hand and anxiety on the other. The anxiety of sinfulness manifests itself either as an anxiety about evil or as anxiety about good, and both can result in moral paralysis