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Excerpt from :

Slavery

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Every time someone looks away and says he is not one of us, every time a job is denied, a hand is withdrawn from a shake of friendship, or an individual is criticized for something that would go unnoticed were he or she white, Americas true and complex history of colors are revealed that go beyond the hues of the stars and stripes. This is why history must be read, the history of King, Douglass, and de Tocqueville, not simply to remember the past but also not to forget the needs of the present

Part 2

Given the persistence of racism in American society, it is essential that affirmative action play some part in redressing social inequities caused by slavery. A society does not become a level playing field simply by victims taking responsibility for their own social mobility, no matter what Shelby Steele might say. Racisms subtle effects in the classroom, even in the supermarket, where African-Americans are treated as potential criminals rather than college students or customers, has a persistent psychological effect that can be just as devastating as the segregation demonstrated in the evidence presented to the Supreme Court during the Brown v. Board of Education