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Excerpt from Case Study:

State Tests and Ethics

...... In applying the deontological view of ethical behavior as advocated by Immanuel Kant, the stakeholders need to view the situation based on their moral duty regardless of personal gain. This is what Kant calls the categorical imperative or in other words, a universal law that advocates means above ends. In Kant's view, reasonable action is rooted in knowledge. Kant argues that in order to be truly ethical and make ethical decisions, it is essential that we know how we know and what we know. This cannot be achieved however solely through experience because experience is not definitive (i.e. it is subjective). Therefore in order to be truly ethical in Kants view, I would have do to more than count on what little knowledge I have at this point to guide me in my decision-making behaviors. Without having spoken directly with the teacher, it is difficult to devise a specific plan of action because I do not have all of the information I need to make and informed decision
In applying the utilitarianism theory of ethical behavior to this case, I would have to view the situation in a way that is more in alignment with the philosophies of John