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Making inferences to a greater population can only take place when the research investigator(s) conduct a longitudinal or experimental study that is sample selection appropriate and statistical processes are used to analyze the data. In fact, the authors began the article by stating that the research investigation was cross-sectional and later termed the research investigation a longitudinal study. Along with the erred research design and design confusion were the authors' lack of appropriate data selection procedures (i.e., non-random selection) and lack of measurement accurateness. The authors reported that their data came from observations over a six-year period of time and the data was then analyzed. However, the authors failed to inform the reader how these observations were quantified with respect to numeric values garnered from the observations. According to the authors correlations were run to determine certain relationships; however, the sought after relationships were never defined or adequately reported...
Such an omission renders the study without sufficient merit.
Lastly, and with respect to the literature review, limitations and practice implications, the most that can be said is that the authors have not complied with best fit research practice. There was no supportive literature to support the study itself and limitations with respect to sample, design, measurement values were simply non-existent. In addition, the authors violated proper writing style by using personal pronouns, beginning a sentence with the word it, and over-generalizing the results to a wider population that permitted. Finally, the authors in one instance reported that 42 families were sampled then went on to report that it was 42 children that were longitudinally observed. At no time in the beginning of the study did the authors mention 42 children. This leaves the reader wonder which is which. This particular article, setting aside that it is not a peer reviewed article should be relegated to the annals of…
Pre-sentence investigation reports are a controversial element among criminal justice professionals. Theoretically, they enable the court to make better-educated decisions about sentencing by providing a comprehensive overview of a defendant's history. "The pre-sentencing report prepared by the pre-sentencing probation officer is a summary of relevant information on the defendant's life put together for the purpose of arriving at an appropriate sentencing recommendation. The defendant's criminal history, mitigating circumstances in the
Pre-Sentence Investigation ONONDAGA COUNTY PROBATION DEPARTMENT PRESENTENCE REPORT Court: Onondaga County Case No.: 11-4949 Indictment#: 11-1-20 Judge: Fred Friendly AKA/Maiden: N/A DR#: N/A Prosecutor: James Joyce Age/DOB: 10/01/81 Court Cont.#: N/A Main St. NYSID#: 937532 Legal Counsel: Tim Tom Tully, NY 13159 FBI#: 328-488-94 Phone [HIDDEN] Offense Date: 11/11/11 Arrest Date: 11/12/11 Conviction Date: 12/11/11 Original Charges: Stalking 2nd Final Conviction: Stalking 4th Charge Code: 120.45 NYS Penal Law A Class B Misdemeanor Codefendant/Correspondent: N/A Restitution: N. Relationship to Victim: Acquaint. Victim Impact: Sent:
Pre-Sentence Investigation Defense Attorney Jim Aiken Narcotics Detective Homicide Detective Miranda The Miranda rights were formulated in 1966 by the U.S. Supreme court after a case between Miranda v. Arizona. The Miranda rights relate to the frights of an individual when that person is being taken into custody by the police and before that individual is being questioned. The individual should be read out and told about his rights according to the Fifth Amendment so that
Criminal Trials and Sentencing Pre-Trial Process Post Arrest In a 2010 report, it is stated that Courtney Elizabeth Hernandez, of Killeen, Texas, was charged with the kidnapping of a 2-1/2-year-old girl. The Defendant was given permission by the mother of the child, who was stationed at Fort Hood as a soldier in the United States Army, to take the child camping. The child's mother contacted the defendant on the 5th of July 2010
The judge must choose a sentence from within the guideline range unless the court identifies an aggravating or mitigating circumstance that was not adequately considered by the Sentencing Commission. In mandatory minimum drug cases, judges can depart only upon motion from the government stating that a defendant has provided substantial assistance in the investigation or prosecution of another person. All guideline drug sentences are indirectly affected by the mandatory minimums.
Careful attention must be applied to assure that the monies are being delegated to the right fund and that all probationers are reporting in a timely manner. IV. Advantages/Disadvantages of Administration at State & County Level There are advantages and disadvantages of administration of Probation on the County as well as on the State level known to exist. Resources and funding is more often than not very limited in County and