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Deep tissue and bone pain typically need corticosteroids added to actually alleviate discomfort. Bisphosphonates may also be used when pain is not controlled by NSAIDs. When dealing with neuropathic pain, either continuous and constant burning sensations or sharp, stabbing and shooting pain, tricyclic antidepressants are often used, as well as local anesthetics depending on the severity and location. Most all of these do, however, have side-effects, and part of the nurse management paradigm is ensuring that the pain is managed but discomfort from other effects not magnified (McCaffrey and Pasero, 2000).
Unfortunately, the terminally ill often have special circumstances that require a specialized approach to pain management. Typically they have been on medications far longer, and are therefore subject to breakthrough pain or pain that is no longer manageable through standard doses or treatments, In this case, sustained release analgesics must be combined with immediate release at dosages about 25% of the original medication per hour until the pain is controlled (Miller, et.al., 2001). Breakthroughs can also...
The nurse must accurately assess the pain, wade through cognitive issues, and take a more holistic view of psychosocial and spiritual pain, and balance the needs of the patient with sound medical decisions that will not have a negative effect on their health that is not warranted based on their need to be kept comfortable.
REFERENCES
Kubler-Ross, E. (2005). On Grief and Grieving: Finding the meaning of Grief Through the Five Stages of Loss. New York: Simon and Schuster.
McCaffrey, M. And Pasero, C. (2000). Pain Management: The Nurse's Active Role in Opiod
Administration. New York: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
Miller, K., et.al. (2001). Challenges in Pain management at the End of Life. American Family
Physician. 64 (7): 1227-35.
St. Marie, B. (2009). Core Curriculum for Pain Management in Nursing. New York: Kendall
Hunt Publishing.
REFERENCES
Kubler-Ross, E. (2005). On Grief and Grieving: Finding the meaning of Grief Through the Five Stages of Loss. New York: Simon and Schuster.
McCaffrey, M. And Pasero, C. (2000). Pain Management: The Nurse's Active Role in Opiod
Administration. New York: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
Miller, K., et.al. (2001). Challenges in Pain management at the End of Life. American Family
social science viewpoint toward death can be valuable both for society and for individuals. In most societies, death plays a major role in how lives are shaped. Certainly, the way that death is handled in society can differ, and governs attitudes that society has towards death. Social sciences can help us to understand a little bit more about how societies deal with death, and we can understand the role
Death Rituals of Different Cultures and Countries Death Rituals of different Cultures/Countries As the globe is full of numerous civilizations and cultures in a very diverse manner, similarly, their rituals, traditions and ceremonies related to life and death are also different from one another. The people belonging to these cultures have their own sets of beliefs that are witnessed through the ways they celebrate their occasions, festivals and even the death rituals
While various types of medical/religious practice had long attempted to prolong life, the emphasis of these efforts beginning during this period was placed on forestalling death. Views of Death in the Modern Era The trends that began in the Renaissance and Enlightenment periods continued into the modern era, and though the increased rationalism and emphasis on the scientific method and imperial fact served society well in many ways, this has not
Death and Dying 'My new body was weightless and extremely mobile, and I was fascinated by my new state of being. Although I had felt pain from the surgery only moments before, I now felt no discomfort at all. I was whole in every way -- perfect," (Eadie "Embraced" 30). In her groundbreaking book Embraced by the Light, Betty J. Eadie writes about her own near-death experience to help dispel the
Grief or loss can cause change -- force evolution, if you will, into the human ability for personal growth and self-actualization. Certainly grief is a human emotion; as much a part of us (Kubler-Ross, 2009). Psychologically, grief is a response to loss -- conventionally emotional, but also having physical, cognitive, social, philosophical, and even behavioral dimensions. There are numerous theories about grief, some popularized, some scholarly, but all try to
2006, p.1). In Anglo culture, extremities of grief may be reserved for close family members, while in cultures where extended family is important, intense grief may be acceptable and expected, even for distant family members There is also greater acceptance of death in the Latino culture as a whole, as manifest in the almost festive 'Day of the Dead' rituals in that nation, in which children often participate, and