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Even their cassocks were emblazoned with a large, red cross, by which they were identified. The Order of Clerks Regular was, technically, the first Red Cross before the International outfit prompted by Dunant came into being (Lyons, 1917, p. 54).
Still, when people think of the Red Cross today, it is the organization that Dunant's book and actions prompted to come into being in the latter half of the 19th century. Dunant himself had always been a part of the tide of Christian charity that had been sweeping through Geneva since the Napoleonic Wars (Hutchinson, 1997, p. 12). States John Hutchinson, "Dunant's vision of voluntary societies appealed to both the Christian and the utilitarian dimensions of" the president of The Geneva Society for Public Utility (SGUP) (p. 21). This was Gustave Moynier, who essentially took Dunant's idea and ran with it: "Using his position as president, Moynier raised with the members of SGUP the possibility of their endorsing a plan for the formation of voluntary societies to aid the wounded" (p. 22). Moynier's plan would become the International Committee for Relief to the Wounded -- renamed the International Committee of the Red Cross in 1876, of which Moynier would serve...
Dunant insisted on the idea of neutrality -- but Moynier saw it as unrealistic. Dunant would even be expelled from the Committee following his own accumulation of debts. The two men would never reconcile, although they would together receive numerous honors and awards. Dunant, however, would receive one award that Moynier never would: the Nobel Peace Prize in 1901.
In conclusion, the International Red Cross was inspired by the Battle of Solferino, witnessed by Jean-Henri Dunant. Centuries before a similar outfit had been established by Catholic priest named Camillus de Lelllis -- but the International Red Cross as we know it today, actually could not have come into being without the work of Gustave Moynier.
Reference List
Dunant, H. (1862). Memory of Solferino. International Committee of the Red Cross.
Hutchinson, J. (1997). Champions of Charity: War and the Rise of the Red Cross.
Oxford: Westview Press.
Lyons, M.C. (1917). Camillus de Lellis: the Hospital Saint.…
Reference List
Dunant, H. (1862). Memory of Solferino. International Committee of the Red Cross.
Hutchinson, J. (1997). Champions of Charity: War and the Rise of the Red Cross.
Oxford: Westview Press.
Lyons, M.C. (1917). Camillus de Lellis: the Hospital Saint. NY: Benziger Brothers.
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