Bipolar Disorder Essays (Examples)

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Bipolar Disorder
PAGES 8 WORDS 3835

Bipolar Disorder ymptoms
Bipolar disorder has been studied for more than a decade after remaining undiagnosed in children and adolescents for many years. Much literature such as that by Pavuluri, Birmaher, and Naylor (2005b), and Kowatch and Debello (2006) is available on diagnostic issues pertaining to paediatric bipolar disorder. In addition, many cases studies have also been published on the topic such as those by DuVaI (2005) and Hamrin and Bailey (2001). This article will discuss the current available literature on the bipolar disorder diagnostic issues with specific focus on psychopharmacological treatments and its management for treating this disorder. This paper will not be focusing on psychosocial interventions related to paediatric bipolar disorder.

evere disturbances in the functioning of children as well as their families are one of the symptoms of paediatric bipolar disorder. Children with this illness mostly struggle in their academic and interpersonal lives. This causes them to be at….

Bipolar Disorder
PAGES 17 WORDS 5145

ipolar Disorder generally sets in during adolescence or early adulthood though it may also occur late in one's life or during childhood. It results in terrible mood swings ranging from mania and euphoria to depression and suicidal tendencies. The earlier a person is diagnosed with bipolar disorder the better. Medication is available for bipolar disorder, which helps control the mood swings and even treats the condition. Diagnosis of bipolar disorders can be done only by specialized psychiatrists and is done according to the criteria established by the American Psychiatric Association in the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders.
ipolar disorder, more commonly known as manic depression, is a major mood disorder that is distinguished by behavior that fluctuates from extreme highs (mania) to serious lows (depression) interspersed with periods of "normal" mood. This change in mood or "mood swing" can last for hours, days weeks or months. Persons suffering from….

Bipolar Disorder
PAGES 5 WORDS 1612

ipolar Disorder: Genetics, Environment and Remedies
According to the American Family Physician journal, "ipolar Disorder is an illness that causes extreme mood swings. This condition is also called manic-depressive illness" (AFP, 2000). People with ipolar disorder often express 'extremes' in emotions where they go from the ultimate happiness and 'high' to the ultimate depression and sadness.

These are often referred to as Manic and Depression episodes where "Manic episodes usually begin abruptly and last for between 2 weeks and 4-5 months (median duration about 4 months). Depressions tend to last longer (median length about 6 months), though rarely for more than a year" (WHO, 1992). These types of episodes can be induced by stress or traumas and occur at any age.

The disorder is often hereditary and affects both men and women equally. The chances of having the disorder greatly increase if there is one parent that has the disorder although it is….

Bipolar Disorder
PAGES 2 WORDS 743

Bipolar Disorder is a complex mood and brain disorder, characterized by unusual energy levels, shift in moods, and the capacity to carry out routine tasks. People living with this disorder experience numerous symptoms amid episode (Hawke, Velyvis and Parikh, 2013). In addition, anxiety disorders are among the highly prevalent co-morbidities linked with the disorder. Prior studies suggest that 74.9% of individuals with the disorder have at least one anxiety disorder at some point of their life. The disorder is a major health care challenge that results mortality risk, which is the primary cause of global disabilities to young and adults (ock et al., 2013). Current research in adults and young adult shows that hypomania experience is a common phenomenon in both the young and adults.
Literature eview

esearch suggests that there exists a common bipolar phenotype in the late adolescence, which is identifiable through interview or online surveys. Some of the attributes….

Bipolar Disorder
PAGES 2 WORDS 587

Bipolar disorder, which is also sometimes known as manic depression, is a serious psychiatric illness experienced by approximately 1% to 15% of the population at large (Mannu et al., 2011). The disorder is characterized by severe and unusual shifts in activity, mood, energy, and ability to perform everyday tasks (National Institute of Mental Health, 2012). Generally, the disorder is experienced as a depressive phase 70% of the time, and an excitatory phase 30% of the time (Mannu et al., 2011). It is a complex illness that requires the patient to be monitored to ensure that the treatment they are receive is meeting their needs and minimizing the symptoms being experienced (Mannu et al., 2011). Efforts for pharmacological treatments have unfortunately not been highly effective. It is possible that other non-pharmacological treatment options may prove effective in the treatment of the disorder. The following explores the potential effectiveness of a physical….

Bipolar disorder is described as a condition in which individuals oscillate between periods of good or irritable mood and depression. The condition is basically characterized with very quick mood swings between mania and depression. Since the disorder equally affects men and women alike, it always starts between 15-25 years (ogge & Zieve, 2012). While the actual cause for disorder remains unknown or unclear, it tends to develop in relatives of individuals with the illness. However, the manic or depressive incidents in people with the disorder can be attributed to various factors such as life changes like childbirth, periods of insomnia, medications like antidepressants, and recreational drug use. The major risk of the disorder is that patients are susceptible to suicide to an extent that they are likely to abuse alcohol or other substances. Such abuse enhances the risk of suicide and the symptoms of the disorder become worse.
elationship between Brain….

Scientists thus call this tendency a "genetic vulnerability" to inherit depression (Read 2007:1)
Biologically, bipolarity is not caused by brain damage although there is mounting evidence that the brains of bipolar patients look different from those without mood disorders. A 2000 study in the American Journal of Psychiatry that the brains of patients with bipolar disorder contain 30% more cells that send signals to other brain cells, suggesting that the extra signal-sending cells may lead to a kind of over-stimulation, causing the rapid shifts of extreme moods characteristic of the disease (Read 2007:1). However, whether the disease causes the different brain configuration or the extra cells causes the disorder still remains a mystery.

To add to the mystery of treating this illness, because bipolar disorder has two distinct mood components, that of mania, and that of depression, treating it with medication can be especially difficult. Patients with bipolar disorder usually must….

Bipolar Disorder: Abnormalities in Brain Structures
and Functions

A person experiencing bipolar disorder will feel alternately euphoric and severely depressed of they can have a mixture of those emotional states. This condition is known to e a disease, much like any other chronic medical condition, which can be mediated by a medication regimen, but not cured. It is also known that there are elements of the disease which relate to certain structures and processes in the brain. Specific physical properties in the brain that are related to bipolar disorder are more speculative than determined. Understanding what research has determined are known to be direct links to bipolar disorder and what is hypothesized and requires further study is the focus of this paper.

First the condition must be understood from a clinical perspective. "Bipolar disorder (BPD; loci MAFD1 [MIM 125480] and MAFD2 [MIM 309200]) is a chronic psychiatric disorder with a worldwide lifetime prevalence….

In stark contrast, in the adult population of individuals with bipolar disorder, females outnumber males slightly (Egan 2008, p.11).These discrepancies indicate a profile of a more 'difficult child' rather than the specific disease-related pattern of manic depression. The malleable nature of childhood reality presents another difficulty in diagnosis. While a dissociation from reality is one of the manifestations of bipolarity in adults, "it's normal for children to pretend that they are superheroes, or believe that they can run faster than cars, whereas in an adult, these convictions would be signs of grandiosity" (Egan 2008, p.1).
The changing face of psychiatry is another possible social explanation for the increase in diagnosis. More and more non-clinicians are involved in the diagnostic process: a critical shortage of child psychiatrists in non-urban areas may result in a difficult child being diagnosed by a by family doctor or pediatrician. The health insurance industry is also….

In other words, the nurse needs to become the patient's mentor and confidant all at the same time. This requires excellent communication skills and listening skills on the part of the nurse.
Applicable Psychological Theory:

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

The Cognitive Behavioral model is an amalgamation of three major psychology disciplines: behavior therapy, cognitive therapy and social psychology (Cooper & Lesser, 2008). There are a series of steps that need to be undertaken to assess or intervene using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. These are: 1) Specifying the problematic behaviors; 2) Data collection (monitoring and recording); 3) Goal setting; 4) Intervention; 5) Homework; 6) einforcement for Change; 7) Helping the client take credit for change; 8) elapse prevention (Cooper & Lesser, 2008, pp. 167-168).

According to Scott (2001) "There is increasing support for the use of cognitive behaviour therapy as an adjunct to medication for patients with bipolar disorder" (p. 164). The primary goal of….

A depressive episode is clinically diagnosed if five or more of these symptoms last most of the day, nearly every day, for a period of 2 weeks or longer.
People with bipolar disorder often lead healthy, productive lives if the illness is treated early. However, without treatment, the natural course of bipolar disorder tends to worsen and the person may suffer more severe manic and depressive episodes than those experienced when the illness first appeared. Bipolar disorder is a long-term illness that has no cure. Psychosocial treatments are helpful in providing support, education, and guidance to people with bipolar disorder and their families. Psychosocial interventions commonly used for bipolar disorder are cognitive behavioral therapy, psychoeducation, family therapy, and interpersonal and social rhythm therapy.

Common medications for polar disorder include lithium, anticonvulsant drugs, and antidepressants. Treatment choices depend on the type and phase of the illness. Patients with less frequent and more….

Bipolar Disorder
Genetics, Brain Structure & Behavior

Bipolar disorder is biological problem which affects the brain that causes unusual shifts in mood (Kowalski & Westen, 2009). It is also known as manic-depressive illness. Bipolar disorder is different than regular mood swings and daily ups and downs of the average person's life. Bipolar disease typically develops in late adolescent and early adulthood and is treatable; currently there is no cure for this disorder (NCBI, 2010). In this paper we will discuss bipolar disorder and the brain, behaviors associated with bipolar disorder, genetic links, causes, prevention, treatment, national and international occurrences.

Bipolar Disorder and Behavior

Bipolar disorder causes dramatic mood swings, the individual goes from a state of mania to a state of depression. Mania is the part of the disorder where the individual has an overtly high amount of energy. A diagnosis of mania is made when the patient exhibits three or more of the….

(Maj, p. 360)
While bipolar can be treated with psychiatric intervention, when the disorder lasts, it can have a debilitating effect on a person's social life. Available treatments can control the symptoms and can alter brain chemistry in patients to make them less susceptible to the debilitating effects of this disorder. For those who suffer from this disorder, daily life can be a challenge as they struggle with their relationships, their jobs and every aspect of their everyday life. Fortunately research has led to many treatments, psychiatric interventions and therapies which have had significant success in some patients.

EFEENCES

Mario Maj (Editor), Hagop S. Akiskal (Editor), Prof. Juan Jose Lopez-Ibor (Editor), Bipolar Disorders. Wiley; 1st edition (May 15, 2002)

Lana . Castle, Bipolar Disorder Demystified: Mastering the Tightrope of Manic Depression. Da Capo Press (January 2003)

E. Fuller Torrey M.D. Surviving Manic Depression: A Manual on Bipolar Disorder for Patients, Families, and Providers. Basic….

Bipolar disorder individuals often make highly lethal suicide attempts therefore early identification of high-lethality suicide attempters is critical. In this study, BD patients were classified as high- or low- lethality attempters. High lethality attempts required inpatient medical treatment. A logistics model and permutation analyses examined the correlations between lethality, number and order of attempts. esearchers found that multiple attempters showed no pattern in increasing or decreasing their lethality attempts later on, but individuals who were disposed to early high-lethality attempts indicated this pattern of recurrence of high-lethality attempts later. In other words, risk for high-lethality suicide attempts was greatest amongst those who were more resolved to die and who had made a greater number of suicide attempts. However, attempters of low-lethality attempts does not indicate that these individuals would not try high-lethality attempts later on.
Are procedures parametric or non-parametric? Why

Parametric tests require a normal distribution of the studied variable, the….

[Frank et.al, 2006)]
aethge et.al (2005) examined substance use disorders in patients with first episode P 1 disorder using 'Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders' (SCID). The study included a total of 172 patients who were admitted in the McLean hospitals between 1989 and 1996 for clinically diagnosed first lifetime manic/mixed P 1 episodes. All the 172 subjects underwent follow-up assessment at 6,12 and 24 months respectively. Results from the study indicate that 37 (33.0%) were substance addicts at entry and this increased to 38.8% at the end of the study period. Statistical analysis further revealed that cannabis dependent subjects had more prolonged manic episodes (mean=26.8%, SD=34.0%, versus mean=11.5%, SD=19.1%; ratio=2.3:1), whereas alcohol dependant subjects had increased episodes of depression (mean=11.9%, SD=22.9%, in mania vs. mean=21.9%, SD=29.5%, in depression; ratio=1:1.8). Also morbidity was higher among polysubstance abusers. [aethge et.al, 2005]

A more recent study by Wilens et.al (2009) analyzed….

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8 Pages
Research Paper

Psychology

Bipolar Disorder

Words: 3835
Length: 8 Pages
Type: Research Paper

Bipolar Disorder ymptoms Bipolar disorder has been studied for more than a decade after remaining undiagnosed in children and adolescents for many years. Much literature such as that by Pavuluri,…

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17 Pages
Term Paper

Psychology

Bipolar Disorder

Words: 5145
Length: 17 Pages
Type: Term Paper

ipolar Disorder generally sets in during adolescence or early adulthood though it may also occur late in one's life or during childhood. It results in terrible mood swings ranging…

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5 Pages
Term Paper

Psychology

Bipolar Disorder

Words: 1612
Length: 5 Pages
Type: Term Paper

ipolar Disorder: Genetics, Environment and Remedies According to the American Family Physician journal, "ipolar Disorder is an illness that causes extreme mood swings. This condition is also called manic-depressive illness"…

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2 Pages
Peer Reviewed Journal

Psychology

Bipolar Disorder

Words: 743
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Peer Reviewed Journal

Bipolar Disorder is a complex mood and brain disorder, characterized by unusual energy levels, shift in moods, and the capacity to carry out routine tasks. People living with this…

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2 Pages
Research Paper

Psychology

Bipolar Disorder

Words: 587
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Research Paper

Bipolar disorder, which is also sometimes known as manic depression, is a serious psychiatric illness experienced by approximately 1% to 15% of the population at large (Mannu et al.,…

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5 Pages
Essay

Psychology

Bipolar Disorder Is Described as a Condition

Words: 1537
Length: 5 Pages
Type: Essay

Bipolar disorder is described as a condition in which individuals oscillate between periods of good or irritable mood and depression. The condition is basically characterized with very quick mood…

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3 Pages
Term Paper

Psychology

Bipolar Disorder A Biological Overview

Words: 1154
Length: 3 Pages
Type: Term Paper

Scientists thus call this tendency a "genetic vulnerability" to inherit depression (Read 2007:1) Biologically, bipolarity is not caused by brain damage although there is mounting evidence that the brains…

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7 Pages
Research Paper

Psychology

Bipolar Disorder Abnormalities in Brain Structures and

Words: 1837
Length: 7 Pages
Type: Research Paper

Bipolar Disorder: Abnormalities in Brain Structures and Functions A person experiencing bipolar disorder will feel alternately euphoric and severely depressed of they can have a mixture of those emotional states. This…

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4 Pages
Research Paper

Psychology

Bipolar Disorder in Children The

Words: 1351
Length: 4 Pages
Type: Research Paper

In stark contrast, in the adult population of individuals with bipolar disorder, females outnumber males slightly (Egan 2008, p.11).These discrepancies indicate a profile of a more 'difficult child'…

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4 Pages
Research Paper

Psychology

Bipolar Disorder Type I From

Words: 1195
Length: 4 Pages
Type: Research Paper

In other words, the nurse needs to become the patient's mentor and confidant all at the same time. This requires excellent communication skills and listening skills on the…

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2 Pages
Term Paper

Psychology

Bipolar Disorder Chuck Is a

Words: 591
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Term Paper

A depressive episode is clinically diagnosed if five or more of these symptoms last most of the day, nearly every day, for a period of 2 weeks or…

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4 Pages
Essay

Psychology

Bipolar Disorder Genetics Brain Structure & Behavior

Words: 1313
Length: 4 Pages
Type: Essay

Bipolar Disorder Genetics, Brain Structure & Behavior Bipolar disorder is biological problem which affects the brain that causes unusual shifts in mood (Kowalski & Westen, 2009). It is also known as…

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1 Pages
Essay

Psychology

Bipolar Disorder Is a Psychiatric

Words: 367
Length: 1 Pages
Type: Essay

(Maj, p. 360) While bipolar can be treated with psychiatric intervention, when the disorder lasts, it can have a debilitating effect on a person's social life. Available treatments can…

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6 Pages
Essay

Business - Advertising

Bipolar Disorder Individuals Often Make Highly Lethal

Words: 1707
Length: 6 Pages
Type: Essay

Bipolar disorder individuals often make highly lethal suicide attempts therefore early identification of high-lethality suicide attempters is critical. In this study, BD patients were classified as high- or low-…

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4 Pages
Term Paper

Sports - Drugs

Bipolar Disorder and Substance Addiction

Words: 1309
Length: 4 Pages
Type: Term Paper

[Frank et.al, 2006)] aethge et.al (2005) examined substance use disorders in patients with first episode P 1 disorder using 'Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders' (SCID). The…

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