Mussolini Essays (Examples)

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In that year, when the unification of Italy was achieved, the Papal Kingdom was confiscated by the Italian Kingdom, so the Pope refused to recognize the Italian Kingdom, or to step outside the Vatican City.
Mussolini entered into negotiations with the Pope, aimed at healing that rift. In 1929, the Pope and Mussolini entered into the Lateran Agreements, which consisted of a Treaty, a Concordat, and a Financial Convention. At first blush, the treaty seems to be a retreat from Mussolini's stated goal of expansionism, because the Treaty recognized papal sovereignty over Vatican City and gave Vatican City full diplomatic rights. However, Mussolini was also able to get the Papacy to officially recognize the Kingdom of Italy, and, more significantly, surrender its claim to the greater part of Rome.

hat this meant was that, in exchange for the relatively small area of Vatican City, Mussolini received an undisputed claim to Rome,….

Benito Mussolini
History is full of many people who have made their mark for various reasons. Some of these people have made a profound difference because of the value they brought to their countries, and others have names that will remain more infamous. Such is the case with Benito Mussolini, an Italian dictator during WWII. His alliance with Hitler and his complete disregard for the people of his country were two of the most notable issues in his political career. Another notable point was his fascist focus and how he used it to convince the people of his country that there would be no more class warfare and that everything would be equal. As soon as the people rallied around him and he obtained absolute power, his real focus became apparent and he passed laws that were designed to help only the people who were already rich and already had power.….

Fascism and Democracy
Hitler essentially seized power in Germany. The National Socialist Party was losing support among the people, and the German political system in general was in shambles. There were frequent elections, with no party able to establish a majority. Hitler made a deal with the 85-year-old President von Hindenburg to form a coalition. Hitler would be the Chancellor under this arrangement. The coalition was formed on January 30, 1933. One of the key characteristics of this coalition was that von Hindenburg was among many in Germany who were distrustful of democracy -- the people were unused to it at the time (Hawley, 2008). There was an election later that year in Germany, with the Nazis taking 43.9% of the vote. By the time the parliament was called to session following that election, however, the Nazi Party had jailed, exiled or otherwise intimidated 107 representatives of the other major parties,….

Roberto Rossellini's movie Paisan and its significance and importance, combining and analysis of its visual/literary/conceptual dimensions with post-war Italian culture and history (1946)
Roberto Rossellini's movie Paisan and its significance

Following the Second orld ar, extremely harsh period encompassed the economic and social development of many nations. Italy in this period was no exception as leading forces continued to challenge the development of the country. The post war period saw varied challenges mitigating their way into the society, expected to introduce a new era of fascism, which was already on paper as Mussolini had already put it in place. It is within the ensuing decade that Roberto Rossellini continued to foster his career in the film industry, establishing the production of the movie Paisan. Paisan is uniquely different from its predecessors, such as Open City by Roberto in all its aspects, except the fact that it retains the evident attractiveness and emotional….

ultra-nationalist ideologies were far more threatening on a worldwide scale than communism to the liberal belief in individual rights from 1920-1945," because it is unequivocally true. One of the principle means of corroborating this statement is to analyze the atrocities and events that led up to and included orld ar II, which took place during the aforementioned time frame. orld ar II was largely about the propagation offFascism, which is ultra-nationalism at its finest -- or at its worse for the millions of people who were slaughtered in the wake of this ideology prior to and during orld ar II. An examination of first hand sources from the Japanese invasion of China, Italy, and from communist Russia indicate that ultra-nationalism was far more restrictive in individual rights than communism -- for the simple fact that the latter belief circumscribed such rights while the former simply eradicated them.
Japan's invasion of….

Military Conflict
PAGES 6 WORDS 1855

WWII: Italy
Both World War I and II were world events that left territories, countries, nations, and individuals exhausted from the effort and from loss. These wars proved ultimately ironic when the term "the war to end all wars" proved tragically inaccurate with the outbreak of World War II. In addition to the devastation, however, were significant changes, developments and effects on the world and its paradigms. Decolonization, for example proved to be one of the most important effects. Whereas colonization was a mainly European paradigm as means of transport and new discoveries enabled increasing voyages across the world, the World Wars created the ability of territories to become autonomous, searching for their own identity rather than identities that were associated with those of their colonizers. For Italy, World War II also held its own specific events and paradigm shifts as the country became a territory affected by war and manipulation….

Totalitarian Governments
PAGES 8 WORDS 2698

It is necessary to control the workers and make them dependent on the government. The policy also makes it possible for the government to direct all its resources on a single project -- typically the major "goal" of a regime such as war.
Complete government control on weapons, although not an exclusive characteristic of totalitarian governments precludes the chances of successful uprisings.

Case Studies: Specific Examples of Totalitarian egimes

The Soviet Communist regime under Joseph Stalin, the fascist regime under Mussolini in Italy and Nazi regime led by Adolf Hitler are typical examples of totalitarian regimes.

Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin: As observed earlier, it is debatable whether Karl Marx had clearly envisaged the formation of totalitarian governments by the application of his Communist theory. However, the first country to adopt Communism, i.e., the Soviet Union soon degenerated into the worst type of totalitarian government imaginable under Joseph Stalin who ruled the country….

American Way of War
The history of the American Way of War is a transitional one, as Weigley shows in his landmark work of the same name. The strategy of war went from, under Washington, a small scale, elude and survive set of tactics practiced by what seem today to be relatively "quaint" militias, to -- in the 20th century -- a full-scale operation known as "total war." True, "total war" was not a concept invented by the Americans in the 20th century. The North eventually practiced "total war" against the Confederates when Sherman's campaign left utter destruction of civilian territory in its wake. The ancient Romans practiced it when, under the direction of Cato, they destroyed Carthage because its mere existence, they felt, posed a threat to their prosperity. In the 20th century, however, "total war" received an enormous boost of technical support when the inventors of the atom bomb….

In IBM's case, the Department of Justice found that their efforts were mired in failure. Unfortunately, IBM was so central to the economic operations of Germany and occupied Europe that it was necessary to preserve IBM's role in the economy of Europe so as not to jeopardize the postwar occupation.
Part II-Present Corporatist America and Comparisons with Fascist Italy-

When the Wall Street Journal, the United States' newspaper of record for financial affairs makes an explanatory note, it gives us all pause. Gerald F. Driscoll in "An Economy of Liars" takes aim at both the Obama and George W. Bush administrations when he speaks about the present economic reality and asserts "We call that system not the free-market, but crony capitalism. It owes more to Benito Mussolini than to Adam Smith ("An Economy of Liars" 2010)."

If a communist agitator on the proverbial soapbox spouted this statement, it could be easily dismissed.….

Early Western Civilization
PAGES 4 WORDS 1369

Race for Colonies in the Late 19th Century
Although European imperialism had started in the 15th century when a number of European powers such as Spain, Portugal and Great Britain began to look for new settlements around the world, another great race for colonies occurred in the late 19th century. This time around, other countries such as the United States and Japan also joined Europe in the race. Some of the major reasons for the establishment of colonies in the late 19th century and specific examples of such colonies are outlined below.

Industrial Revolution:

The industrial revolution in Europe and the United States had greatly increased their technological and military power by the second half of the 19th century. Japan, too, had embarked on a path of rapid modernization in the mid-nineteenth century. As a result, several countries in Europe (including England, France, Germany and Italy), the U.S. And Japan enjoyed a big….

European Federalism: Historical Analysis
Fascism is considered to be a political belief and concept, which is based on the principle that social, economic and cultural and traditional beliefs of a country must be used in order to increase nationalism. In Europe, fascist movements had emerged in twentieth century. The goal of these fascist movements was to promote fundamentalist and fanatic beliefs in order to deal with the social and political turmoil that occurred in the European region after the end of World War I. Federalism is considered to be the theory, which is based on the principles of federation, which seeks to create a balance of power by dividing it among the member of the same institution. The aim of this paper is to historically analyze the rise of European Union from 1918 to the end of World War II in the lights of broad and diverse academic resources. Furthermore, the….

As Paxton (2005) points out, the Russian Revolution was directly responsible for the rise of Fascism in Italy and Germany. The Russian Revolution, comprised of and led largely by a Jewish demographic, represented a threat to the nationality and national interests of European states. Fascist movements were not limited to Italy and Germany—they appeared in England, France, Spain and elsewhere—but Italy and Germany emerged as the primary Fascist states because of the force of leadership that emerged in each nation respectively: Mussolini in Italy, and Hitler in Germany. Both were at the forefront of the conservative, nationalist movement that pushed back against the rising tide of Communistic socialism, which the conservative nationalist parties vehemently opposed. The Russian Revolution was, in essence, a rejection of everything Old World, as Fitzgerald (2000) showed. The representatives of Fascism were fighting specifically for that Old World—and they were using every possible avenue they could….

The Role of Violence The evidence shows that the role of violence in the 20th and 21st centuries was to bring about or shape a new social order: no matter what type of government was in place—whether it was in Russia, Italy or Africa—violence was a motif that reared its head again and again as leaders sought to assert themselves and determine the future of their respective nations by force. In some cases, violence was a threat to individual nations or a continent—as Nkrumah (1961) argued when he called for African unification in the face of the neo-colonial ambitions of world powers seeking to dominate the continent. In other cases, the threat of violence came from the state itself, as was the case in Stalin’s Soviet Union, where the dictator threatened anyone opposed to the ideology of the Party. This paper will show how the role of violence was a mainstay….

This piece changed the face of contemporary classical music and allowed other composers much more freedom in composing, since the era of "classical" music had been questioned and all of its preconceived notions had been shattered by Beethoven's 9th Symphony.
Beethoven's 9th is the work of a composer committed to undying self-expression (Swafford, 2003). He turned the classical music world upside down, which was frowned upon at the time, but now seen as a major catalyst for musical evolution in its time. Both Hitler and Mussolini were admirers of Beethoven and Beethoven's 9th Symphony (Buch, 2003). Ironically, The piece initially represented the musical freedom and unbridled expression that Beethoven was known for, but sadly, both Hitler and Mussolini used this piece in their propaganda films, and are now closely associated with much of Beethoven's work. This association has continued through the latter part of the 20th century and into the….

Hitler's Rise to Power How
PAGES 5 WORDS 1797

It started in the fall of 1932, Evans explains; Jewish businesses were bombed, Jewish synagogues and other Jewish places were destroyed. In the weeks after Hitler's appointment as Reich Chancellor "…stormtroopers broke into synagogues and desecrated the religious furniture, smashed the windows of Jewish shops, and subjected Jews to random acts of humiliation," like forcing them to drink castor oil and shaving their beards forcibly in public, Evans goes on.
The Jewish judges and lawyers were not spared from this violence. All over Germany, the Nazi stormtroopers "burst into courthouses… dragged Jewish judges and lawyers out of the proceedings and beat them up…" (Evans). It is hard to imagine the horror that participants must have experience during court proceedings, to have armed storm troopers burst in and grab the judge, drag him into the street and beat him. Of all the outrageously violent and terrifying events in Nazi Germany --….

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12 Pages
Essay

Government

Mussolini's Foreign Policy Goals Because

Words: 4013
Length: 12 Pages
Type: Essay

In that year, when the unification of Italy was achieved, the Papal Kingdom was confiscated by the Italian Kingdom, so the Pope refused to recognize the Italian Kingdom,…

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10 Pages
Essay

Government

Benito Mussolini History Is Full of Many

Words: 2661
Length: 10 Pages
Type: Essay

Benito Mussolini History is full of many people who have made their mark for various reasons. Some of these people have made a profound difference because of the value they…

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2 Pages
Essay

History - World War II

How Hitler and Mussolini Rose to Power

Words: 759
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Essay

Fascism and Democracy Hitler essentially seized power in Germany. The National Socialist Party was losing support among the people, and the German political system in general was in shambles. There…

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7 Pages
Term Paper

Film

Roberto Rossellini's Movie Paisan and Its Significance

Words: 2137
Length: 7 Pages
Type: Term Paper

Roberto Rossellini's movie Paisan and its significance and importance, combining and analysis of its visual/literary/conceptual dimensions with post-war Italian culture and history (1946) Roberto Rossellini's movie Paisan and its significance Following…

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3 Pages
Essay

Government

Ultra-Nationalist Ideologies Were Far More Threatening on

Words: 939
Length: 3 Pages
Type: Essay

ultra-nationalist ideologies were far more threatening on a worldwide scale than communism to the liberal belief in individual rights from 1920-1945," because it is unequivocally true. One of…

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6 Pages
Essay

Drama - World

Military Conflict

Words: 1855
Length: 6 Pages
Type: Essay

WWII: Italy Both World War I and II were world events that left territories, countries, nations, and individuals exhausted from the effort and from loss. These wars proved ultimately ironic…

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image
8 Pages
Term Paper

Government

Totalitarian Governments

Words: 2698
Length: 8 Pages
Type: Term Paper

It is necessary to control the workers and make them dependent on the government. The policy also makes it possible for the government to direct all its resources…

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14 Pages
Term Paper

Military

Culture Behind Americans at War

Words: 5158
Length: 14 Pages
Type: Term Paper

American Way of War The history of the American Way of War is a transitional one, as Weigley shows in his landmark work of the same name. The strategy of…

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16 Pages
Article

Economics

Allied Visions The Success of

Words: 4453
Length: 16 Pages
Type: Article

In IBM's case, the Department of Justice found that their efforts were mired in failure. Unfortunately, IBM was so central to the economic operations of Germany and occupied…

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4 Pages
Term Paper

Government

Early Western Civilization

Words: 1369
Length: 4 Pages
Type: Term Paper

Race for Colonies in the Late 19th Century Although European imperialism had started in the 15th century when a number of European powers such as Spain, Portugal and Great Britain…

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15 Pages
Term Paper

Government

Federal Plans for Post War European Order Within Anti-Fascist Movements During World War Two

Words: 3766
Length: 15 Pages
Type: Term Paper

European Federalism: Historical Analysis Fascism is considered to be a political belief and concept, which is based on the principle that social, economic and cultural and traditional beliefs of a…

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4 Pages
Essay

Government

The Russian Revolution and the Rise of Fascism

Words: 1233
Length: 4 Pages
Type: Essay

As Paxton (2005) points out, the Russian Revolution was directly responsible for the rise of Fascism in Italy and Germany. The Russian Revolution, comprised of and led largely by…

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2 Pages
Essay

War

The Purpose of Violent Force in Politics

Words: 677
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Essay

The Role of Violence The evidence shows that the role of violence in the 20th and 21st centuries was to bring about or shape a new social order: no matter…

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8 Pages
Essay

Music

Daniel Barenboim Music Is Life

Words: 2264
Length: 8 Pages
Type: Essay

This piece changed the face of contemporary classical music and allowed other composers much more freedom in composing, since the era of "classical" music had been questioned and…

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image
5 Pages
Essay

Drama - World

Hitler's Rise to Power How

Words: 1797
Length: 5 Pages
Type: Essay

It started in the fall of 1932, Evans explains; Jewish businesses were bombed, Jewish synagogues and other Jewish places were destroyed. In the weeks after Hitler's appointment as…

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