12+ documents containing “prison rape elimination act”.
Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003
Supreme Court has held that delierate indifference to the sustantial risk of sexual assault violates inmates' rights under the Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause of the 8th Amendment to the Constitution. In response, the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 is designed to systematically study the incidence of offender-on-offender and staff-on-offender assault in correctional facilities throughout the United States and to propose standards for preventing these acts in the future. The act contains provisions that require withholding portions of federal funds from correctional agencies if they fail to comply with standards set y the attorney general of the United States (ACA Policies and Resolutions for Memer Input, 2004). This paper provides an examination of the Prison Rape Elimination Act enacted in 2003, followed y a summary of the research in the conclusion.
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview.
Today, there are more people ehind ars in the United….
Although prisoner rape is violative of international, U.S., and state laws, the historic response to prisoner rape has been inadequate and indifferent. According to Jenness and Smythe, it was the specific intent of the PEA to address these issues. As Jenness and Smyth point out, "Current institutional policies regarding sexual violence are in need of reform and greater enforcement. The Prison ape Elimination Act creates important incentives and standards, encouraging states to respond more responsibly" (p. 490). In sum, despite the adoption of the recommendations by the National Prison ape Elimination Commission, PEA represents a step in the right direction in modern correctional management.
By contrast, in her study, "Introduction: Sexuality, Criminalization, and Social Control," Sears (2010) reports that, "Although PEA addresses a clear and pressing problem (sexual violence in prison), observers have criticized its primary focus on violent rape between male prisoners and its relative neglect of staff sexual….
ACA Web site www.aca.org.
Standards and accreditation: ACA
Facts:
As part of its standards and accreditation principles, the American Correctional Association has worked to better enforce the Prison ape Elimination Act (PEA). "With the release of the national PEA standards in 2012, ACA and its certified auditors have played an important role in compliance for dozens of facilities in the fields of adult, juvenile, and community corrections" ("PEA," 2014).
Standards are explicitly designed to improve the welfare of multiple stakeholders. They are said to "enhance correctional practices for the benefit inmates, staff, administrators, and the public" ("Standards," 2014). Standards are not simply for the good of the public or corrections officers: ideally, they serve a rehabilitative and restorative function as well for inmates and for the community at large.
Different standards exist for different types of institutions; also there is a difference between mandatory and non-mandatory standards.
Would I seek accreditation?
There are many benefits to….
In fact, while Great Britain is liberal in many areas, prison rights does not seem to be one of them. Prisoners commonly appeal conditions to the European Convention on Human ights (ECH), which has a much more liberal stance on human and inmate rights than those of Great Britain. For example, "On its 2005 visit to UK prisons, the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture (CPT), was highly critical of the observed lack of time out of cells, the sharing of cells, the very small size of cells, and the lack of exercise and activity" (Eady, 2007, p. 272). Thus, prisons in Great Britain have not progressed nearly as much as many wish they had in the area of human rights. Another writer puts it more succinctly. She writes, "Although England has a clearly identifiable prisoners' rights lobby, the political impetus towards legislative reform remains conspicuously absent (Lazarus,….
Prisoner ights
The purpose of this study is to explore the issue of prisoner's rights. The topic of prisoner's rights has been subject to a lot of attention due to the recent controversies which are discussed in the study.
Prisoners are often treated unfairly in the United States of America despite the constitution specifically providing forbids that in the Eighth Amendment. There are a various means of unfair treatment which the prisoners are exposed to. The prisoners have been facing various problems and are exposed to poor living environment. They have been treated harshly by the prison guards and the conditions of the prisons are extremely poor. Prisons are overcrowded which adds to the poor living conditions that the prisoners have to cope up with. Many of the critics of the prisoners' rights demand that they should be given only the basic rights. However they should work in order to cover their….
The third conviction could serve as the third strike for California's anti-recidivism statute, thereby triggering a minimum 25-year sentence. Andrade was convicted of both counts of petty theft and was sentenced to two consecutive terms of 25 years to life in prison. After exhausting his appeals in the California legal system, Andrade filed a petition for habeas corpus, arguing his sentence violated the Eighth Amendment prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment because it was disproportional to the underlying crime. The United States District Court for the Central District of California rejected Andrade's petition, but the Ninth Circuit agreed with Andrade on appeal. The State of California sought review of the Ninth Circuit's decision, and the Supreme Court ultimately resolved the dispute in favor of the state. Basically, the Court announced that it was not enough for a state court to err when applying an anti-recidivism statute; instead, without using….
Ngos & Human Rights in Africa
Non-governmental organizations have had an unprecedented effect on international human rights in the African system. NGOs have been recognized for their forward thinking ability in improving international human rights in Africa.
NGOs participation in the African Human Rights system has been in two ways. he first is through international and government commissions like the OAU, with some having rights to participate in public meetings. his presents NGOs with the responsibility of promoting human rights by national training programmes, raising profile of commissions in rural areas, disseminating materials, and facilitating and promoting visits to nations.
his research carries out an in depth analysis of the contributions of NGOs in creating changes to human rights in the African system. his is by defining the constitution, progress, and history of NGOs in Africa, and the different contributions made in achieving international human rights. his explores the rise of NGOs in….
Ultimate Punishment
For a long time now, the death penalty has been one of the most disputed and debated issues in criminal justice. This is for a reasonable purpose as it is the ultimate punishment. The death penalty is used for crimes which are deemed most abhorrent and abominable. Gacy killed more than thirty individuals. McVeigh murdered 168 people in the city of Oklahoma. More so, Brisbon told a betrothed couple to have their last kiss and then went on to slay them at the outset of the 1970s, and he even continued to murder people while in prison for such criminalities. In a rightful manner, the society mandates culpability for these gruesome actions, and several states the delinquent loses the right to live and subsist among others if he or she is convicted.
For most part of America's history, the death penalty was frequently employed as a chastisement for murder as….
Current standards are based on male offenders and viewed as inappropriate for non-violent female offenders, who constitute the majority of incarcerated women. This also explains the rise of imprisonment for economic crimes, which involve a disproportionate number of women. AI also recommended against criminalizing drug-dependent pregnant women, as doing so had driven dependent women underground instead of towards treatment and this reduced access to prenatal care of treatment. Racism has still been another problem. It has been observed that African-American women have been sentenced to prison at a much higher rate than women of Northern European origin (Ketcham).
AI also reported that 70% of correctional employees and guards of incarcerated women are men and that as high as 80% of these women have been survivors of abuse by the men in those institutions (Ketcham 2001). These survivors naturally do not feel secure in the correctional institutions. In response, AI recommended….
Crimes Committed Against Persons in the United States
The United States is one of the world's super powers. Like any other country, it experiences the challenge of crimes committed against people too. The FBI has shown that the rate of violent crimes committed in the US has been declining for the past two decades. Violent crimes can be classified into types that include rape, murder, aggravated assault, and robbery. Statistically, the rate of crimes committed to people in 2016 decreased by 1.1% when it is compared with those reported in 2015. The rates of crimes against people vary across regions. For example, the FBI reports that in 2016, there was a positive change in the rate of 2.0% in murder cases in Northeast region and 1.2% in Midwest (Federal Bureau of Investigation). Therefore, this research paper examines the different types of crimes committed against persons in the US, their characteristics, and….
For instance, according to Begley, "Men who were promiscuous back then were more evolutionarily fit since men who spread their seed widely left more descendants. By similar logic, evolutionary psychologists argued, women who were monogamous were fitter; by being choosy about their mates and picking only those with good genes, they could have healthier children" (2009, p. 52). Although modern men and women may not look like Cro-Magnums, they all want to act like them deep down inside because of these primordial drives. In sum, Begley concludes that, "We all carry genes that led to reproductive success in the Stone Age, and that as a result men are genetically driven to be promiscuous and women to be coy, that men have a biological disposition to rape and to kill mates who cheat on them, and that every human behavior is 'adaptive' -- that is, helpful to reproduction" (emphasis added)….
And such an event, unfortunately, is all too possible, as evidenced by a review done by Bedau and adelet in 1987. The authors used a variety of published and unpublished sources to locate information on potential capital cases in the United States during the twentieth century. Of the cases identified, Bedau and adelet found 350 persons who had been wrongfully convicted of potentially capital offenses between 1900 and 1985. Of these, 139 were sentenced to die (Haines, 1996, p. 87-88). Thus, it is evident that capital punishment can end up reflecting very poorly on a society that practices it, in more ways than one.
The other reason why capital punishment can be said to be socially unjust is because, all too often, it is imposed indiscriminately against the poor and underprivileged sections of society, who also lack the means of better representation. This fact has been addressed in a wide….
Criminal Justice
Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 Supreme Court has held that delierate indifference to the sustantial risk of sexual assault violates inmates' rights under the Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause…
Read Full Paper ❯Women's Issues - Sexuality
Although prisoner rape is violative of international, U.S., and state laws, the historic response to prisoner rape has been inadequate and indifferent. According to Jenness and Smythe, it…
Read Full Paper ❯Healthcare
ACA Web site www.aca.org. Standards and accreditation: ACA Facts: As part of its standards and accreditation principles, the American Correctional Association has worked to better enforce the Prison ape Elimination Act…
Read Full Paper ❯Criminal Justice
In fact, while Great Britain is liberal in many areas, prison rights does not seem to be one of them. Prisoners commonly appeal conditions to the European Convention…
Read Full Paper ❯Criminal Justice
Prisoner ights The purpose of this study is to explore the issue of prisoner's rights. The topic of prisoner's rights has been subject to a lot of attention due to…
Read Full Paper ❯Criminal Justice
The third conviction could serve as the third strike for California's anti-recidivism statute, thereby triggering a minimum 25-year sentence. Andrade was convicted of both counts of petty theft…
Read Full Paper ❯Government
Ngos & Human Rights in Africa Non-governmental organizations have had an unprecedented effect on international human rights in the African system. NGOs have been recognized for their forward thinking ability…
Read Full Paper ❯Sports
Ultimate Punishment For a long time now, the death penalty has been one of the most disputed and debated issues in criminal justice. This is for a reasonable purpose as…
Read Full Paper ❯Criminal Justice
Current standards are based on male offenders and viewed as inappropriate for non-violent female offenders, who constitute the majority of incarcerated women. This also explains the rise of…
Read Full Paper ❯Law
Crimes Committed Against Persons in the United States The United States is one of the world's super powers. Like any other country, it experiences the challenge of crimes committed against…
Read Full Paper ❯Women's Issues - Sexuality
For instance, according to Begley, "Men who were promiscuous back then were more evolutionarily fit since men who spread their seed widely left more descendants. By similar logic,…
Read Full Paper ❯Criminal Justice
And such an event, unfortunately, is all too possible, as evidenced by a review done by Bedau and adelet in 1987. The authors used a variety of published…
Read Full Paper ❯