An elaborate rehearsal requires multiple activities to be coordinated and completed in order to give the rehearser a comprehensive run-through of the activity.
A mnemonic is a memory aid, often verbal (like a poem or word list, that assist a learner in learning through the use of both repetition and by utilizing easy to remember lines, words, riddles and poems. For example, an acronym mnemonic is often used to memorize a list. It contains an easily remembered word, phrase or rhyme where all the first letters are associated with an item on the list being memorized.
Elaborative rehearsal and mnemonics are similar in that mnemonics is a form of rehearsal and rehearsals use mnemonics as part of the rehearsal process. When one rehearses something, they are essentially practicing the activity. Thus, one method of rehearsing a speech is to practice memorizing the content. A method used to assist with memorizing the content is a mnemonic. Therefore the mnemonic is used as a form of the elaborate rehearsal. Likewise, the reverse is true. When one is using mnemonic to assist with learning a list, they are rehearsing that list for performance on the final activity, such as an exam.
Assignment Six
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, human being have a number of needs that are arranged in a hierarchy based on their potency. Although all needs are instinctive, some, such as morality, creativity and problem solving (self-actualization) are more powerful tan others.
According to the website, motivation is an internal state that activates behavior and gives it direction through goal setting, thus influencing the needs and desires on the intensity and direction of behavior. This definition of motivation plays into Maslow's hierarchy of needs because,...
Essentially, the need is the goal. If that need is a powerful, self-actualization need, than that person's behavior will exhibit signs of greater motivation. On the other hand, if a person exhibits low motivation, it means that they are functioning at a lower level of hierarchical needs.
This relationship between motivation and needs is further explored in the other three websites. Each of these sites focus on the role that motivation plays in Maslow's hierarchy of needs and, particularly, how this effects behavior science. For example, if one has low motivation, how does an educator increase that motivation? Simply by working to take the
student to the next level of need.
Assignment Seven:
One of the main areas of
psychology is the study of personalities. This sub-genre of psychology is referred to as Personality Theories. There have been numerous theorist to have studies this area of psychology, each contributing their own unique take to the issue. Two of these
personality theorists were Otto Rank and Erik Erikson.
According to Erikson, every human's personality was developed through an eight stage process that spanned the entire lifetime. Each of these stages of psychosocial development are marked by a specific conflict that, after resolution, would create a favorable outcome and allow the individual to advance to the next stage. Each of the eight stages of life involved the attainment of a new life virtue. These virtues, in the order that they are attained, include: hope, will, purpose, competence, fidelity,
love,
caring, and
wisdom.
Freud, on the other hand, saw
personality development through the Id, Edo and Super Ego, or the development from the conscious to the unconscious. Under this
theory, the id was the fully unconscious state, the ego the mostly conscious state and the super ego the party conscious state. The id drove those things repressed by consciousness, the ego dealt with external reality and the super ego was the internal judgment (or conscience). Operating together, these three factors created one's personality.
Bibliography
Boeree, George C. (2000): Erik Erikson. Shippensburg: Shippensburg University Press.
Coon, Dennis. (2006): A Modular Approach to Mind and Behavior.
