In 1954 the first settlements were created using H-shaped blocks (Chan, 1998). Today, however, building block styles include Double H-shaped, Cruciform, Twin Tower, Trident, and Linear (Wong & Yau, 1999). These are designed to be easily constructed and work well for heating and cooling, but they are also designed to prevent a total building collapse in case of a fire. Re-engineering a process that needs some assistance has become

Many foresters supported Pinchot's policies along with pulp, timber and paper companies, and in fact the U.S. Forest Service (commanded by Chief Forester Henry Graves) adopted "fire control" as the "principle duty of the agency" (Fowler). However there was plenty of opposition to Pinchot's strategy of suppressing fires, both from state and federal agencies that supported "light burning" and "Indian fires" policies. By 1910, Fowler writes in the Forest

Fire Behavior Annotated Bibliography Deng, Tzu-Jeng, Charng-Horng Hsieh, Her-Jiun Sheu, Chyan Yang. (2001) A conceptual framework for improving fire-fighting service quality of a public fire department. Includes results of a study on improving fire-fighting services by improving fire fighting and recognition techniques. Good for those interested in other than wildland fires, and those interested in going into fire management. International Journal of Public Administration, Vol. 24, 405. Drysdale, Dougal. (1999, October). An introduction to fire

fuels management in urban areas that might be affected by wildfire. Specifically, it will discuss the education of homeowners, and fuel management techniques that can reduce the risk of loss of property during a wildland fire. With the proliferation of urban areas encroaching on wilderness areas, wildfire now is a much more common threat to homes and property. "Since 1970, more than 10,000 homes and 20,000 other structures and facilities

Prescribed Burns There are several methods for achieving these conditions within the forest. The first is prescribed burning. The goal of prescribed burning is to reduce the amount and density of surface fuels in a controlled manner. Prescribed burns also scorch and kill the lower branches of trees, preventing laddering (Fitzgerald 2005). This technique lifts the canopy off the surface, lowering the ability of the fire to climb to the high-density

Fire Suppression Systems Fire results when fuel, oxidant, and sufficient heat combine in time and place (New Zealand Institute of Chemistry, n.d.). The fuel is typically a carbon-based material like paper, wood, oil, or gas, while ambient air typically provides the oxidant in the form of oxygen. Other oxidants include nitrates, chlorates, and peroxides and therefore should never be stored alongside fuel materials. For combustion to occur the heat must sufficient