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834).
Society would be much better served by teaching these individuals the pitfalls of smoking marijuana from both a short- and long-term perspective. The effects that the drug has on individual thinking, memory and attention are not benign in nature. One place to begin this education would be with the parents and families of at risk individuals. Since "adolescents rarely seek treatment on their own but instead are brought to treatment by their parents" perhaps earlier education focused on young couples will give them the information they need as their children mature to recognize the signs of marijuana use.
Since young people seem to be the most vulnerable to the long-term effects of marijuana it may also be a consideration to teach abstinence in the schools.
This approach has worked in regards to sexual abstinence and could a positive aspect to society as well.
A recent study showed that "having fewer friends who used each substance protected against increases in the frequency of alcohol use, heavy episodic drinking, and marijuana use" (White, McMorris, Catalano, Fleming, Haggerty, Abbott, 2006, p. 812). The same study showed that having a higher religiosity and higher parental monitoring also protected against increases in the same behavior. Concentrating educational efforts on families, students and cohorts would probably be most effective and further studies on these approaches would be recommended.
References
Budney, a.; Kamon, J.; Stanger, C.; (2005) a contingency management intervention for adolescent marijuana...
44, No. 6, pp. 513-521
DeLuca, a.; (2004) Addiction, pain and public health website, http://www.doctordeluca.com/Library/WOD/BrainsOwnMJ-SA04.htm, Accessed September 1, 2008
Dennis ML, Godley SH, Titus JC (1999), Co-occurring psychiatric problems among adolescents: variations by treatment, level of care, and gender. TIE Communique 5-8;
http://www.treatment.org/communique/CHIPtreatment.pdf, September 1, 2008
Dennis, M.L.; Godley, S.H.; Diamond, G.; (2004) the Cannabis Youth Treatment (CYT) study: main findings from two randomized trials, Journal of Substance Abuse and Treatment, Vol. 27, pp. 197-213
Earlywine, M., (2006) Cannabis users and schizotypy, Human Psychopharmacology, Vol. 21, No. 7, pp. 455-461
Gouzoulis-Mayfrank, E.; Daumann, J.; (2006) Cannabis Effects, Journal of Psychopharmacology, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 188-193
Hopfer, C.J.; Stallings, M.C.; Hewitt, J.K.; Crowley, T.J.; (2003) Family transmission of marijuana use, abuse and dependence, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Vol. 42, No. 7, pp. 834-841
Moreira, F.A.; Lutz, B.; (2008) the endocannabinoid system: emotion, learning and addiction, Addiction Biology, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 196-212
National Institute on Drug Abuse (2002), National Institute on Drug Abuse Research Series: Marijuana Abuse;
http://www.nida.nih.gov/ResearchReports/Marijuana/, Accessed September 1, 2008
Nicoll, R.A.; Alger, B.N.; (2004) the brain's own marijuana, Scientific American, pp. 69-75
Robledo, P.; Berrendero, f.; Ozaito, a.; Maldonado, R.; (2008) Advances in the field of cannabinoid-opioid cross-talk, Addiction Biology, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 213-224
Wallace, D.; Martin, a.L.; Park, B.; (2007) Cannabinoid puts patients in hot water, Australasian Psychiatry: Bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (Australas Pscyhiatry), Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 156-158
Wolfling, K.; Flor. H.; Grusser, S.M.; (2008) Psychophysiological responses to drug-related stimuli in chronic heavy cannabis use, European Journal of Neuroscience, Vol. 27, pp. 976-983
References
Budney, a.; Kamon, J.; Stanger, C.; (2005) a contingency management intervention for adolescent marijuana abuse and conduct problems, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Vol. 44, No. 6, pp. 513-521
DeLuca, a.; (2004) Addiction, pain and public health website, http://www.doctordeluca.com/Library/WOD/BrainsOwnMJ-SA04.htm, Accessed September 1, 2008
Dennis ML, Godley SH, Titus JC (1999), Co-occurring psychiatric problems among adolescents: variations by treatment, level of care, and gender. TIE Communique 5-8;
http://www.treatment.org/communique/CHIPtreatment.pdf, September 1, 2008
http://www.nida.nih.gov/ResearchReports/Marijuana/, Accessed September 1, 2008
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