intelligence testing.
The first of the two articles read in this article analysis on intelligence testing is called "Role of test motivation in intelligence testing," and was authored by Angela Lee Duckworth et al. This article links motivation as one of three highly important variables that is treated in intelligence testing. Significantly, the article references David Wechsler and his theory of intelligence a number of times in the text. A pair of studies were performed within this article, the first of which was a "random-effects meta-analysis of random-assignment laboratory experiments comparing IQ scores under incentivized and standard testing conditions" (Duckworth et al., 2011, 2). In the second, a number of boys were followed from their teenage years to adulthood to see what role motivation played in their academic and non-academic results (including grades as well as career achievements and criminal behavior) (Duckworth et al., 2001, 2). Both studies found that….

Intelligence
Charles Spearman and his General Intelligence Theory

Spearman, a British psychologist, noted that individuals whose score on one mental ability test was excellent tended to maintain an impressive score in other tests as well (Nevid, 2012). On the other hand, those whose score on one cognitive test was unimpressive tended to perform badly in other tests administered. It is on the strength of this observation that Spearman concluded that being a general cognitive ability, intelligence could be expressed numerically or measured. In the words of Nevid (2012, p. 247), "he reasoned there must be an underlying general factor of intelligence that allows people to do well on mental tests, a factor he labeled 'g' for general intelligence."

It is, however, important to note that Spearman was also convinced that in addition to "g," intelligence included some other abilities that contributed "to performance on individual tests" (Nevid, 2012, p. 274). For instance,….

Intelligence factors in the Cuban Missile Crisis and the 9/11 terrorist attacks.
In comparing and contrasting the Cuban Missile Crisis and the terrorist attacks on 9/11, account must be taken of the fact that these two incidents were played out in very different political milieus and against the background of different demands on the Intelligence community in the United States. By this is meant that the possible lack of intelligence that many critics see as one of the causes of the events of 9/11 was founded on a complex array of political and international issues and prerogatives that faced the United States at various times.

A number of studies indicate that the nature of the intelligence requirements were very different in the Cuban Missile Crisis due to the overall international political situation at that time. Examining this, various authors attest to the fact that the cold war environment was much more….

intelligence theories of Charles Spearman and Howard Gardner. There were three sources used to complete this paper.
There have been many ideas presented to the world about the theory or intelligence and while some of them have received lukewarm reviews there are two in which the world took a long hard look and decided they might be possible. It is interesting to note that the theories of Charles Spearman and Howard Gardner do not have a lot in common yet they are each respected as possible explanations for the human intelligence.

The theory of Howard Gardner of intelligence is based in the belief that there are actually multiple types of intelligence and rather than narrow the areas of measurement to one or two the world should recognize and encourage all seven of the intelligence factors.

According to Gardner the seven distinct areas of intelligence include (Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Theory (http://www.ed.psu.edu/insys/ESD/gardner/MItheory.html):

Visual /….

Because of the difficulties he analyzed in a testtaker's response to a task, he called for more complex measurements of intellectual ability than previously undertaken.
Wechsler built upon these views, compiling a more complete definition of intelligence but as parochial as that examined by Sternberg. "Intelligence, operationally defined, is the aggregate or global capacity of the individually to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal with his environment." (235)

Wechsler critically added that intelligence is not just the sum of the abilities included in the definition, but it is something only understandable by the measurement of the various aspects of those abilities. (235) Likewise, he added that an individual's ability to perceive and respond to social, moral, and aesthetic values contributed to a personality of intelligence.

Examining the cognitive process of young children, Piaget found that intelligence was an evolving process of a certain adaptation to the outside world. He observed….

intelligence unit that is secure and maintained at all times is an absolute necessity for operational reasons. Explain in detail why this is so important.
Security is probably the single most important factor that prevents the intelligence unit from applying information technology more effectively. Security is essential for intelligence unit. When it comes to IT, approach is not "risk management," but "risk exclusion."

There are some very specialized electronic security threats that could apply, so it may be that a secure PDA needs to be developed and provided. In intelligence unit the presence of sensitive but unclassified information could cause serious concern over information bypassing safeguards on tiny solid state disk equivalents, which can fit into pens. This problem can be addressed by requiring the devices to store information in encrypted form, and using biometric identification.

An intelligence unit can be secured, but the security both has to be built-in, and maintained.….

The country of the individual must also adapt to the changing culture. Currently, the world's cultures, in regard to the information environment-shaping capabilities, continually change at an accelerating pace. Based on the rate of the increase of media outlets that disseminate the propaganda of Hamas, such as Filastin al-'An, Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades, Al-Aqsa TV, PALDF Forum and Sabiroon Websites, increases for this group will likely follow the same path of other technological advances.

It is likely, the researcher asserts, that these media mediums will simultaneously change and increase in the future with similar speed as the available technology. A greater number of more organized and highly technical groups, for instance, such as the "Digital Intifada," will likely materialize to meet the objectives of the Hamas. The increase in the use of and expansion of virtual worlds, such as Second Life, will further blur the lines of States and outpace the….

Emotions affect how memories are processed, stored, and retrieved, which also impacts how learning takes place. Perhaps more importantly, emotions impact cognitive processes and learning. Neuroscience shows the ways thoughts are processed depends on one's cultural context and also emotional states. Thinking styles may be also linked to the learning process, as Zhang & Sternberg (2010) point out, and thinking styles are themselves related to cultural variables. The ways people process information therefore has to do with social learning as well as emotional learning and memory. Certain types of emotions may be more conducive to specific types of learning styles or learning behaviors. Emotions can also promote synchronized or chaotic neurological responses. These findings have implications for classroom design and pedagogy.
Wealth means far more than just possession of material goods. As Zhang & Sternberg (2010) point out, capital refers not only to assets in the traditional sense but also to….

Commission's Recommendations on Reforming the U.S. Intelligence Community
Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the point that "things would never be the same" echoed throughout the country, and in some ways this has been true. Unfortunately, many observers also maintain that some things have not changed at all, especially the ability of the U.S. intelligence community to anticipate and prevent such attacks in the first place. Others, though, point to the numerous instances in which terrorist attacks have been preempted by timely action, as well as the death of Osama bin Laden as proof positive that things have indeed changed for the better. To determine who is right, this paper provides an analysis of the impact of the 9/11 Commission's recommendations on reforming the U.S. intelligence community in view of the major intelligence community components of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorist Prevention Act, and the extent to which….

According to him, a theory of intelligence can be adequately mapped with three components: analytic (academic) intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence. This theory accounts for both cognition and context is also referred as Sternberg's "triarchic" theory of human intelligence.
According to Sternberg, intelligence has three aspects. These are not multiple intelligences, as in Gardner's scheme. Where Gardner viewed the various intelligences as separate and independent, Sternberg posited three integrated and interdependent aspects of intelligence. These aspects relate intelligence to what goes on internally within a person, to what goes on in the external world, and to experience, which mediates between the internal and external worlds.

The first aspect consists of the cognitive processes and representations that form the core of all thought. Sternberg distinguished three kinds of processes: those involved in deciding what to do and in deciding how well it was done, those involved in doing what one had….

Human interaction provides a roadmap of how we think and process information. The human brain is bipolar with one side, being more feminine, incorporates the emotional and subjective types of data, where the left brain models the scenario and attempts to gather, dissect and disseminate that information for a better purpose. This modeling process can be very helpful in the military intelligence community to help organizations reach better conclusions and hence plan and operate in a more direct and impactful way.
The business world in its attempts to seek and gain a competitive advantage in many different ways and forms provides useful modeling techniques that can be used in any industry or scenario. Relating these business models to the intelligence community requires a strong understanding of the words and phrases used within these models. Once a common language has been established, and all key terms are understood, the models can….

Homeland Security Intelligence
With the advent of new technologies, human lifestyle is improving and people have found better ways to achieve their goals. The impact of technology is found at national level and many security threats are emerged. Keeping in view the possibility of increased security challenges in the time to come, there is serious need to revise the security policies and bring them all together under information communication strategy so that reporting chain and effective control can be determined.

Policy Memorandum of Homeland Security Intelligence

Homeland Security is the matter of national integrity and must be catered for as the utmost priority of government officials and policy makers. The implementing authorities should align their practices with the objective of protecting national integrity and give the feedback to policy makers if there is any issue of concern.

It can be argued that the establishment of a country consists of high officials who are experts,….

Intel Organization
Pfeffer & Salanick (1978) proposed many important ideas in their examination of management theory's incorporation of external elements and controls. While the information contained in this reading are useful in some manner, their perspective remains incomplete and one sided in many ways. While it is true that the external controls and exchanges between organizations have a direct and almost obvious impact on the cumulative results, the author's ignore the requirement for balance and reason within the total concept of control.

While federal intelligence agencies such as the CIA certain would benefit from taking the authors' recommendations when they wrote " the key to organizational survival is the ability to acquire and maintain resources, " (p.2), it still feels that something even more important is left out. The CIA can and does acquire incredibly large amounts of data and information, or resources, however a point of diminishing returns awaits if the….

Integrated agreements will assist in targeting the maximum federal funding at the greatest risk counties, cities and states where through the addition of more funds, security of citizens will be increased (U.S. Congress 2010). U.S. Department of Homeland Security should uphold on what it considers being right. It should be firm on actions vital to the country's ability to respond to such issues. It should issue a mandate on funding for the activities, interoperable communications and should not ignore its own requirements. As a result, local and state governments will succeed in achieving interoperable communications (Studeman, 2002).
The DHS must ensure that localities and states attain a certain degree of appropriate interoperable communications. Activities and actions should be given proper funding. In addition, Department of Homeland Security should allow local and state governments to be flexible and make decisions on how they intend to achieve the standard. The DHS enterprise….

Security threats have become more sophisticated and common in contemporary society because of globalization and rapid technological advancements. As criminals continue to develop sophisticated means for carrying out their activities, local and international law enforcement agencies are constantly seeking for measures to prevent and thwart criminal activities. One of the measures that play a critical role in achieving this is intelligence. National security intelligence agencies and law enforcement agencies has enhanced their collaboration to help deal with domestic and international security threats. Even though intelligence plays a critical role in modern security, its place in a free society continues to be a controversial issue that evokes a series of passions and responses. This paper examines the role of intelligence in the modern world as a critical component of geostrategic developments. What is Intelligence?
Intelligence is a term that is used to refer to the collection and evaluation of internal and external security….