NR443 Guidelines for Caring for Populations:
Assessment and Diagnosis
PURPOSE
The purpose of this paper is to provide an opportunity to utilize community assessment strategies, uncover a community health problem, and identify the components of the problem related to the community dynamics.
COURSE OUTCOMES
This assignment enables the student to meet the following course outcomes:
1. Evaluate the planning of delivery of care to individuals, families, aggregates, and communities in a variety of healthcare settings based on theories and principles of nursing and related disciplines. (PO #1)
2. Integrate clinical judgment in professional decision-making and implementation of the nursing process through analysis of community health nursing practice. (PO #4)
7. Accept accountability for personal and professional development as part of the life-long learning process. (PO #5)
DUE DATE
Submit to the appropriate basket in the Dropbox by 11:59 p.m. MT Sunday of Week 4.
POINTS: 225 points
DIRECTIONS
This paper is expected to be no more than four pages in length (not including the title page and reference list). Typical papers are usually three pages. Below are the requirements for successful completion of this paper.
? Introduction: This should catch the reader?s attention with interesting facts and supporting sources and include the purpose statement of the paper. This should be no more than one or two paragraphs.
? Community: Identify the community you will be using for this paper and provide a brief description of the community. Your community should be the area you live in or work. This should be one or two paragraphs.
? Demographic and epidemiological data: Compile a range of demographic and epidemiological data for your community by examining census reports, vital statistic reports, city records, and other agency sources. Using this data, describe your community and the problem. Compare your community data to state or national data. This comparison will help to identify a community health problem specific to your community. A summary of this data should be no more than one page.
? Windshield survey: Provide a brief summary of the findings from your first assignment. Make sure the elements included link to your identified problem. This should be no more than one or two paragraphs.
? Problem: Using the assessment data, identify the problem that you consider to be a priority concern. Provide a rationale for your choice and relate your choice to one of the Healthy People 2020 objectives. Healthy People objectives are located within a topic area. Your rationale should also include why this is specifically a problem in your community. This should be no more than two to three paragraphs.
? Historical significance: Address the historical significance of the problem. Consider the trends in the problem over time and any significant events that may have had an impact on the problem. This information should be no more than two to three paragraphs.
? Summary: The summary paragraph of your paper should include a statement about the problem, the population at risk for this problem, and the major direct or indirect factors that contribute to this problem. This information should be no more than one or two paragraphs.
? Professional articles: Include at least two scholarly sources related to your problem.
? References: Should include all cited references within the paper.
GUIDELINES
? Application: Use Microsoft Word 2010? to create this assignment.
? Length: This paper is expected to be no more than 4 pages in length (not including the title page and reference list). Typical papers are usually 3 pages.
? Submission: Submit your file via the basket in the Dropbox: Caring for Populations: Assessment and Diagnosis, by 11:59 p.m. MT Sunday of Week 4.
? Technical Writing: APA format is required. Review APA tutorials and use the resources of SmartThinking for writing tutors.
? Submit your paper with your last name in the document title (e.g., ?Smith Assessment and Diagnosis?).
? Late Submission: See the course policy on late submissions.
BEST PRACTICES IN PREPARING THE PAPER
The following are best practices in preparing this project.
? Complete the demographic, epidemiologic, and windshield survey prior to choosing a problem to focus on.
? Choose a problem specific to your community.
? Make sure all elements of the paper are included.
? Review directions thoroughly.
? Cite all sources within the paper as well as on the Reference page.
? Proofread prior to final submission.
? Check for spelling and grammar errors prior to final submission.
? Abide by CCN academic integrity policy.
GRADING RUBRIC: CARING FOR POPULATIONS: ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS (225 POINTS)

Criteria A
(92?100%)
Outstanding or highest level of performance B
(84?91%)
Very good or high level of performance C
(76?83%)
Competent or satisfactory level of performance D/F
(0?75%)
Poor or failing or unsatisfactory level of performance Pts
Introduction
10 points Catches the reader?s attention with interesting facts and supporting sources. Includes the purpose of the paper.
(9?10 points) Purpose of paper discussed. ?Hook? to get the reader interested may be missing.
(8 points) No purpose provided and/or there is no attention-getting ?hook.?
(7 points) No purpose provided and there is no attention-getting ?hook.?
(0?6 points) /10
Community Data
25 points Community identified and briefly described.
(23?25 points) Community identified but description is missing.
(21?22 points) Community not identified and/or described.
(19?20 points) Community not identified and not described.
(0?18 points) /25
Demographic and Epidemiological Data
40 points A range of demographic and epidemiological data for your community examined by census reports, vital statistic reports, city records, and other agency sources, and compared to state and national data.
(37?40 points) Demographic and epidemiological data described but missing state and/or national comparison.
(34?36 points) Little demographic and epidemiological data and/or not compared to state and national data.
(30?33 points) Lacking demographic and epidemiological data described and/or missing state/national comparisons.
(0?29 points) /40
Windshield Survey
10 points Community windshield survey findings briefly described. Findings relate to identified problem.
(9?10 points) Windshield survey findings described but do not relate to identified problem.
(8 points) Windshield survey not completed OR lacks sufficient assessment and relation to identified problem.
(7 points) Windshield survey findings not described.
(0?6 points) /10
Problem
50 points Assessment data used to identify the problem. Rationale provided for your choice and related to one of the Healthy People objectives. Supportive data provided to validate this is a problem in your community.
(46?50 points) Problem not related to Healthy People objective OR lacks rationale OR lacks supportive data.
(42?45 points) Problem not related to Healthy People objective and lacks rationale OR lacks supportive data.
(38?41 points) Problem not related to Healthy People objective and lacks rationale AND lacks supportive data.
(0?37 points) /50
Historical Significance
20 points Historical significance addressed. Trends considered in the problem over time and any significant events that may have had an impact on the problem.
(19?20 points) Historical significance minimally addressed. Trends considered in the problem over time and any significant events that may have had an impact on the problem.
(17?18 points) Historical significance minimally addressed. Trends not considered in the problem over time and any significant events not discussed that may have had an impact on the problem.
(15?16 points) Historical significance insufficiently addressed.
(0?14 points) /20
Summary
10 points Includes a statement about the problem, the population at risk for this problem, and the major direct or indirect factors that contribute to this problem.
(9?10 points) Summary lacks reiteration of identified problem OR population at risk OR contributing factors.
(8 points) Summary lacks 2 or more of the following: reiteration of identified problem, population at risk, and contributing factors.
(7 points) Summary unsatisfactory OR not completed.
(0?6 points) /10
Application of Evidence-Based Literature
20 points Two or more quality references from professional literature cited that clearly support your rationale.
(19?20 points) Two references cited, but information in the reference may be biased or not directly relevant to your rationale.
(17?18 points) Only one reference cited that is directly relevant to rationale.
(15?16 points) No references cited OR one reference cited that is not relevant to rationale.
(0?14 points) /20
Presentation
20 points Discussion well organized and logically supports analysis/ reasoning. Structure is clear and compelling to reader; it's easy to follow author's reasoning; paragraphs are linked together in logical ways, and main ideas stand out.
(19?20 points) Discussion is accurate but limited. Some attempt at organization is apparent, but in general paper does not flow well.
(17?18 points) Paper comes across as disjointed or rambling. Flow of paper is difficult to follow.
(15?16 points) Discussion has errors in content. No discernible attempt at organization; paper is chaotic.
(0?14 points) /20
Mechanics
20 points ? Title page, running head, and page numbers. (3)
? Grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure are correct. (5)
? References properly cited within the paper. (5)
? Reference page includes all citations. (2)
? Evidence of spelling and grammar checks. (5)
(19?20 points) ? Minimal errors in APA title page noted.
? Minimal errors in grammar, punctuation, and/or sentence structure noted.
? Citations are present but not in correct format.
? References are present, with minimal errors in format.
? Minimal red or green wavy lines within document.
(17?18 points) ? Multiple errors or still using 5th edition APA.
? Grammar and punctuation errors noted.
(15?16 points) ? Citations are missing.
? References are missing or incomplete.
? No evidence of proofreading prior to submitting paper.
(0?14 points) /20
Total Points: /225

Citation should be from these from these books

Egbert, N., & Nanna, K. (2009). Health literacy: Challenges and strategies. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 14(3), 5.

Cornett, S. (2009). Assessing and addressing health literacy. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 14(3), 3.

LAW 3408

TERM 1 RE-SIT COURSEWORK 2012-13


1) Victoria is a qualified psychotherapist who has her own therapy practice. In addition, she has worked for ten years one evening a week at 'Help Yourself' (HY), a highly regarded therapy centre which offers drop-in psychotherapy sessions to people with addiction problems. Victoria tries to attend every week but if she doesn't wish to take a session she lets HY know and they arrange for another therapist to take it. At the sessions the centre manager decides which clients Victoria will see. HY gives its therapists the opportunity to attend specialist courses on addiction, and Victoria regularly attends these courses. Victoria does not have a written contract with HY and she pays her own income tax and national insurance on her earnings from HY. With reference to the tests for employment status and relevant case law advise Victoria whether she has the status of an employee for employment law purposes.
(35 marks)

2)
a) John, a teacher at Springfield Secondary School, is told by the head-teacher that he is being suspended on full pay with immediate effect 'due to an allegation of inappropriate behaviour' made by a female pupil. Suspension on full pay is permitted by John's contract of employment. After a full investigation the Local Education Authority finds that in fact the pupil had not said anything which could possibly have been said to be an allegation against John. John is told that he may return to work but due to worrying about the allegation he has become ill with depression and he will not be fit to work for a considerable time. With reference to relevant case law advise John if there is any implied term in his contract of employment which the school might (or might not) have breached. NOTE: DO NOT DISCUSS DISMISSAL LAW. (8 marks)



b) Sue is an Economics and Accounting lecturer at Bruddersford University who has been employed there for 30 years. Her students think highly of her and enjoy her teaching even though her teaching methods are old-fashioned - for example she still uses Overhead Projector slides in her classes. The university is now requiring all its academic staff to 'move into the 21st century' with the use of tablet PCs, interactive whiteboards and video projectors, as well as doing online marking and recording podcasts of lectures. Sue refuses to change the way she works. With reference to relevant case law advise Bruddersford University if there is any implied term in Sue's contract of employment which she might (or might not) be breaching. NOTE: DO NOT DISCUSS DISMISSAL LAW. (8 marks)



c) Belinda worked as a salesperson for Healthy Eating Ltd ('HE'), a health food company, for 5 years and was very successful. She recently left HE and started her own competing firm. HE has discovered that Belinda is attracting to her firm many former customers whom she looked after at HE. She appears to be making use of her knowledge of the customers' requirements which she acquired while working at HE and she appears to be undercutting HE's prices. There was no express term in Belinda's employment contract with HE to stop her doing this. With reference to relevant case law advise HE if there is any implied term in Belinda's contract of employment which she might (or might not) be breaching. NOTE: DO NOT DISCUSS THE LAW OF RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS. (9 marks)


3)
a) Alan has been a part-time law lecturer at Bruddersford University Law School for six months. His work consists entirely of his teaching and the marking of exams and coursework. Full-time lecturers at the university have a number of other duties in addition to their teaching and marking, such as devising courses, writing course materials, administration tasks, attending meetings and acting in a supervisory and pastoral role to the students. Alan feels, nevertheless, that it is unfair that whereas the full-time lecturers have their own offices, he does not, and has to make do with using one of the computers in the university library. The university?s response is firstly, that the full-time and part-time lecturer roles are different jobs, secondly Alan is only on campus part of the week and only during term-time so it would be a poor use of limited office space to give him an office and thirdly that the decision not to give him an office is not only because he is part-time but also because he has been employed by the university for a short time. With reference to relevant statutory provisions and case law advise Alan as to his legal rights. NOTE: DO NOT CONSIDER DISCRIMINATION LAW UNDER THE EQUALITY ACT 2010

(25 marks)

b) Sylvia works part-time at Bruddersford University in an IT role in the electronic learning department. She has been employed by the university for nine months. Her hours are from 9.30am ? 1.30pm (Monday ? Friday).She has a small child who is looked after by an excellent carer when Sylvia is at work. The carer will now only be available in the afternoons so Sylvia has asked the university if she may change her hours of work to1.30-5.30pm so that she can be at home in the mornings in order to look after her child. The university has refused her request on the basis that the department would not then have sufficient staff to cover the mornings. With reference to relevant statutory provisions and case law advise Sylvia as to her legal rights.
NOTE: DO NOT CONSIDER DISCRIMINATION LAW UNDER THE EQUALITY ACT 2010

(15 marks)

.
Important Notes:

ALL questions must be answered.

IN ALL THE PROBLEM QUESTIONS ABOVE YOU MUST ASSUME THAT THE CLAIMANTS ARE ALL EMPLOYEES, EXCEPT FOR VICTORIA?S SCENARIO WHERE THIS IS THE ISSUE WHICH YOU HAVE TO DECIDE.


THESE QUESTIONS ARE TESTING YOUR KNOWLEDGE OF MATERIAL STUDIED IN TERM 1 ONLY. DO NOT REFER TO ANY DISCRIMINATION LAW UNDER THE EQUALITY ACT 2010 (PART OF WHICH IS TAUGHT IN TERM 1).

Discuss:
1. Foundations and institution of employment law
2. Employment status
3. Non-standard working conditions
4. Individual and collective sources of terms
And other relevant information...


Any footnotes or endnotes which are REFERENCES AND CITATIONS ONLY are NOT included in the word count but ANY OTHER footnotes or endnotes ARE included. Similarly, any 'appendices' which are not references and citations will be included in the word count.


Reference these books
1. Sargeant, M & Lewis, D Employment law. Longmans 2012
2. Honeyball S Great debates: Employment Law Palgrave 2011
3. Blackstone Press Blackstone's Statutes on Employment Law 2012/2013 Blackstone Press 2012

Childhood Obesity

GUIDELINES FOR CAPSTONE LEADERSHIP PAPER
The purpose of this paper is to provide the student with the opportunity to identify and investigate a problem or dilemma within nursing, nursing education, health care, or community nursing that lends itself to change and nursing interventions. Multiple factors in today?s health care arena influence the practice of nursing and or the structure or operation of health care institutions. This capstone project must demonstrate your ability to problem-solve and critically think through those factors and identify interventions directed toward problem resolution.

You are the nurse leader or manager and you are challenged to resolve this problem.


Paper Guidelines
Select a topic of interest to you
? It may be a problem that impacts a variety of settings including clinical facilities, the community or any system that affects health care or nursing.
? This may be a problem you have experienced, heard or read about. Rapid changes in health care may make you question ?how?? or ?why??
? Discuss the topic for your paper with Senior II faculty. Final approval of your topic must be given by course faculty.

This paper must be a scholarly presentation.
? Current nursing research and evidence must be applied to your topic.
? References from other disciplines (management, sociology, business, psychology, etc.) MUST be used.
? Spelling, grammar, sentence structure, and logical flow of ideas are all essential.
? Paper is limited to 10-12 typewritten, double-spaced pages written in APA format.

1. Introduction
? Must address the population involved and the extent of the problem.
? Local/regional/state and/or national statistical data should be included ? as appropriate ? to support your argument. You must quantify your problem in some form.
? Do NOT just repeat or state statistics and research studies. You should be able to explain your problem and validate it as a problem in YOUR OWN WORDS. You need to understand what is causing this problem.
? Commonly used definitions may be used. Less common may be used as appropriate once explained.
? Make sure you CLEARLY articulate the problem, the impact of the problem, the population affected by the problem, and/or the type of institution involved.

2. Review of the Literature
? This chapter must include a synthesis of appropriate literature, including studies that support your assessment of the problem. You may also find a study that contradicts your assessment of the problem.
? You need to understand the concepts of the literature. Again, do not just repeat or restate what you read.
? You should be using evidence-based articles relevant to your problem. Clearly state how you use this information to support your choice of a problem and/or action plan.
? This is the chapter that should provide the reader with a thorough background of information related to the problem.
? How does the literature relate to your problem/paper?
? This is primarily a summary of the literature you have cited.
? State whether the problem is linked to a national quality or safety indicator for JCAHO, NQF, NCQA, PHAB, Healthy People 2020, etc.
? Is your problem linked to a national nurse-sensitive quality indicator? If yes, which one?

3. Proposed Solutions/Action Plans/Recommendations for Practice with Evaluation
Processes
? You should identify at least 2 potential proposals or solutions for your problem.
? This requires a great deal of thought, creativity, and critical thinking.
? These must be relevant, achievable, and within the scope of nursing practice to implement.
? Develop some measureable proposals/interventions for resolution of the problem.
? If your proposals require money, how do you convince others you should be allocated this money instead of someone or something else?
? If the problem can not be resolved, how will you reduce or manage the problem?
? Your proposals (interventions) must be specific and measurable.
? They must include timelines
? What changes are required for resolution?
? Are there consequences if this problem is not resolved?
? Are there consequences to individuals if they do not participate and assist in resolution of the problem?

4. Conclusions
? Include a summary of information previously presented without citing your references again.
? Provide the reader with a smooth transition from the body of the paper to your conclusions.

5. References
? Include all references used for the paper.
? You must use references from peer-reviewed nursing journals. You must use at least one non-nursing journal (business, medicine, physical therapy, psychology, management, etc).
? Sources should be within the last 5 years unless considered a ?classic?


Questions to Consider:
? What is the problem?
? What is the extent of the problem?
? Who has a stake in this problem?
? Who might oppose or reject your proposal? Why?
? Does this problem/dilemma have an impact on patient care, nursing practice, the community,
or the profession of nursing?
? What are obstacles to resolving the problem?
? What literature is available regarding the problem or dilemma?
? Should other nurses, health care professionals, educators, patients, families, or citizens
be concerned about this problem? If so, why?

Remember, although you must use current research and evidence while writing the paper, it is NOT a research paper. This is a scholarly paper.

1. For this question describe and explain a program that is utilizing meta-analysis or qualitative research as part of its measurement and evaluation tools. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the evaluation technique selected and if you had to state a more advantageous method what would it be?Please make your initial post in no less than 150 words
2. There have been considerable discussion surrounding aid agencies in the International Community. As such, identify a successful and unsuccessful international humanitarian program. Analyze why one program succeeded and the other program failed. Please make your initial post in no less than 150 words.
3. Genetic Screening and Prevention
Explore the National Newborn Screening and Genetics Resource Center resources to assist with your assignment.) What types of policies are in place in your state (see your state health department website / National Newborn Screening and Genetics Resource Center ) when it comes to infant genetic testing (not prenatal testing) and does this policy help with early intervention in a child's life in your opinion, why/why not?

4. Certain personal behaviors such as smoking or excess alcohol consumption can contribute to excess rates of morbidity and mortality. However, there are social contexts, which contribute to personal behaviors and lifestyles, and certain groups may be more vulnerable to personal behaviors that negatively affect one's health. In addition, policies such as workplace smoking bans are established to reduce exposures to tobacco smoke.

Part 1.

Explore Healthy People 2010 data. Go to CDC Wonder: http://wonder.cdc.gov/ Click on Healthy People 2010. Click on Data by focus area; Select: 27-Tobacco Use from Focus Area pull down; Click Submit. Review the listing/report you generated and save it to your computer for this week's discussion.

Indicate whether or not the prevalence of cigarette smoking among adults (age adjusted, aged 18 years and over) increased or decreased in 2008 compared to the baseline year of 1998? What was the Healthy People 2010 goal, and was it met? Which family income level had the greatest prevalence of cigarette smoking among these adults?

Within this same objective item, identify one other demographic variable in which the prevalence was greater in a particular group and indicate whether or not there was an improvement since the baseline year of 1998.

Part 2.

As an epidemiologist/public health practitioner, do you agree with policies (like workplace smoking bans) that seek to limit exposure to tobacco smoke, why or why not?

In at least one of your two responses to your peers, review one additional Focus Area of Healthy People 2010, either Substance Abuse or Injury and Violence Prevention, and present one finding that was of interest to you. Explain how ones social environment might contribute to the particular issue you chose.




MAKE SURE EACH QUESTION HAVE AT LEAST TWO REFERENCES IN APA FORMAT

This assignment relates to the following Areas of Responsibility for Health Educators:

Area of Responsibility I: Assess Individual and Community Needs for Health Education; specifically, the ability to access existing health-related data; select valid sources of information about health needs and interests; use computerized sources of health related information; identify diverse factors that influence health behaviors, identify behaviors that tend to promote or compromise health.

Area of Responsibility II: Plan Health Education Strategies, Interventions, and Programs; specifically, learning about appropriate and measurable program objectives.

Responsibility VI: Serve as a Health Education Resource Person; specifically, the ability to access and use health?related information resources, and employ electronic technology for retrieving references.




Throughout the Session Long Project (SLP), you have explored health promotion related to the leading health indicators for the United States. One of your co-workers asked what's new in HP2020, compared to HP2010.

For this final SLP paper, please choose any one of the New Healthy People 2020 topics listed at http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/default.aspx

Write a 2-page paper that includes the following:

1. Identify which topic you chose, and provide a brief overview of the topic. What interests you about this particular topic?

2. List at least 2 of Healthy People 2020s health promotion objectives related specifically to this issue. You should copy them from HP2020, use quotation marks, and cite the source.

3. Discuss how the new topic relates to the other HP2020 topics you learned about throughout the session. Please be specific.

4. As a health educator, how can you promote health related to this topic? Please be specific about the strategies you would use, based on what you learned in this module and in previous modules.

Length: 2 pages typed, double-spaced.

Note: Wikipedia is not an acceptable source of information

Times New Roman, 12

COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT GUIDELINE

A. Community Assessment ? Greek population of Astoria, Queens, N.Y.

1. Introduction: Define the community as your field of study including history and type.
B. Discuss the major dimensions of the community
1. Identify the boundaries of the community under analysis.
2. Discuss the reason for these boundaries, i.e., geographic or physical location.
3. Identify and describe actual health care and other social institution services available in the community.
4. Identify and describe potential or non-traditional health care services available in the community.
C. Use sources of data listed below to identify the major sources of information about the community's health; i.e., physical and psychosocial characterstics, health status.
1. Census Tract
2. Vital Statistics (Demographics)
3. National Center for Health Statistics
4. Local and state health departments and agencies
5. Citizens' Advise Bureau
6. Public Library
D. Use epidermiological data to describe the state of health of your community or aggregate, i.e., example: birth, mortality, morbidity. Identify vulnerable groups and major causes of death rates.

E. Identify an epidemiological study design for researching the community health problem(s).
1. Cross-sectional (prevalence or correlational)
2. Retrospective (case control study)
3. Prospective (longitudinal cohort)
4. Experimental

F. Formulate the aggregate diagnosis to include the four components:
1. An identified health risk;
a) an identified health risk;
b) an aggregate or community that is affected;
c) an etiological or causal statement; and
d) evidence or support for the diagnosis
2. Example of aggregate diagnosis:
P Increased risk of sexually transmitted disease among students at Johnson High School
E related to limited understanding of STD transmission and prevention and high rates of sexually activity
S as demonstrated by an increase in the number of Johnson students reporting indiscrete sexual activities and deficit in sex health education to the school nurse.
Increased risk of sexually transmitted disease among students at Johnson High School related to Limited understanding of STD transmission and prevention and high rates of sexually activity as demonstrated by an increase in the number of students reporting indiscrete sexual activities and deficit in sex education to the school nurse
3. Briefly state how the community nursing diagnoses are validated within the community.
G. Existing Resources
1. Assess and describe existing resources, programs, and policies that might have an impact on any program planned to address the above aggregate diagnosis.
2. Assess the influence the aggregate might have on a planned program. It is important to consider the needs perceived by the aggregate when identifying and prioritizing health needs.
3. Assess agency/organizational efforts devoted to dealing with the problem and their effectiveness.
4. Assess additional resources within the agency/organization that could be devoted to the problem and an estimate of future resources availability.

H. Identification of one major health problem encountered
1. Discussion of the problem encountered
2. Discussion of the resolution of problem encountered.
I. Summary
1. Organization, clarity, and conciseness will be considered when grading.
2. APA style with recent references




WINDSHEILD SURVEY
This survey is intended to assist in objectively assessing the neighborhood/community. It is recommended that you use the internet to gather further information about your community (demographics, crime statistics, etc.), and include these at the end of this survey.

This tool is designed to assist the nurse traveling around the community in identifying objective data which will help define the community, the trends, stability and changes that will affect the health of the population.

Boundaries

To what extent do the identified boundaries of the catchment reflect the boundaries (e.g., a river, a different terrain), man-made (e.g., a highway, railroad), or economic (e.g., difference in real estate presence, of industrial or commercial units along with residential)? Does the neighborhood have an identity, a name? Is it displayed? Are there unofficial names? Are there sub-communities within the area?

Housing and Zoning

How old are the houses, what style, of what materials are they constructed? Are all the neighborhood houses similar? If not, how would you characterize the differences? Are there single or multi-family homes? What size are the lots are there signs of disrepair(e.g., broken doors, steps, windows)? Are there vacant houses? Are stores open or boarded up? Type of housing: Are new houses being built or older houses renovated? Age, construction, condition, attached or non-attached? Presence of trees and flowers? Do the houses have driveways? Is there graffiti on the walls or fences? Broken windows? Overgrown weeds?

Signs of Decay

Is the neighborhood on the way up or down? Is it alive? How would you decide? Is there trash, abandoned cars, boarded up buildings, ruble, dilapidated sheds, rubble-filled vacant lots, poor drainage, disease vector harborage, etc.? Are the streets clean? Are trash baskets on street corners overflowing? Is there available parking? Are the sidewalks and streets in good repair?




Parks and Recreational Areas

Are there parks and recreational areas in the neighborhood? Is the open space public or private? Who uses it?

?Commons?

What are the neighborhood hangouts? For what groups, at what hours (e.g., school year, candy store, bar, restaurant, park)? Do the ?Commons? have a sense of territoriality or is it open to strangers?

Stores

What supermarkets or neighborhood stores are available? How do residents travel to the store? Are there drug stores, laundries, dry cleaners? Any signs of wellness issues that you can observe (e.g. cultural, healthy food ads, etc.). Are there any gyms in the area? Who can you observe entering or leaving the area? Types of local stores. Where is the nearest larger shopping center? Where is the grocery store? Laundromat? Barbers, etc.? Local restaurant and types? Are these places utilized or empty?

Transportation

How do people get in and out of the neighborhood? What is the condition of the streets? Is there a major highway near the neighborhood? Whom does it serve? Is public transportation available? Is there a ?main street?? Condition of streets, construction?

Service Centers

Are there social agencies, clinics, recreation centers, schools? Are there doctors, dentist, or other health care providers? Is there a hospital in the area? How many churches, houses of worship are in the community (names)? Where is the health department? Name the rehabilitation centers or nursing homes in the community. Are there group homes in the community? AA groups? WIC stations, soup kitchens, shelters? Assisted living or retirement living areas? Libraries and museums, tutoring services, dancing/music schools? How accessible are these services? Are there any active community groups (theater, music, clubs)? Is there a community newspaper or newsletter? Is there a community board (identify)? Where is it located? Where do neighborhood meetings take place?

Street People

If you are traveling during the day, who is on the streets (e.g, women, children, teenagers, community health nurses, collection agents, salesmen)? How are they dressed? Do they gather in groups or walk alone? Do they talk with each other? In your opinion, is the community young and growing, aging, or maintaining? What animals do you see (e.g., strays, pets, watchdogs, and livestock)? What is the local perception of safety in the community? (Ask at least 3-5 persons).

Protective Services

Is there evidence of police and fire protection in the area? Are they nearby? Where is the nearest Post Office?

Race

Are the residents Black, White, Asian, Hispanic, etc.? How are the different racial groups residentially located? Are there culture specific stores?

Ethnicity/Religion

What churches and church operated schools are in the neighborhood? How many are there? Is there evidence of cultural influence in the community? Do you hear more than language? Are there signs in language other than English? Concerts, free events (i.e. park fairs, etc.)? Is the community an active one? Are there events posted? (for example: Senior citizens? lunch, etc.)

Class

How would you categorize the residents: (a) upper, (b) upper middle, (c) middle, (d) working, (e) lower class? On what do you base this judgment?

Health and Morbidity

Are there evidences of acute or chronic diseases or conditions, of accidents, communicable diseases, alcoholism, drug abuse, mental illness? On what do you base this judgment? Are there any wellness programs sponsored by community support systems?

Politics

Do you see any political campaign posters? Is there a party headquarters? Is there any evidence of a predominant party affiliation? Who are the local state and city representative (assembyman, senator, councilman? Name them.)

What are your recommendations for your community?

Modified from Madison TM: School of Social Work, Richmond, VA, Virginia Commonwealth University, September 1982.

Guidelines for Health Education Plan
You are to develop a health education plan targeted for a specific group in the community.

This paper is worth 20% of your final grade.

The format and grading rubric is:
1. Identification of Specific Health Promotion Need (10 points)

Choose a health promotion need you have identified in Section III (Problem List) of the Community Analysis paper
Describe the scope of the need.
Describe why this is a priority problem and the rationale for why you have chosen this health promotion problem.
Use Healthy People 2020 as a resource to identify age specific health risks or needs.
Give an overview of the population or group for which this is a health promotion need. (This data should be taken from the assessment section of your Cultural Assessment or Community Analysis paper.
Identify factors that might affect learning or barriers. (example- values, culture, language, physical or functional issues).
2. Establish Health Education Outcomes (15 points)

Develop two to three appropriate health education outcomes to guide what you plan to do.
What is it that you see as the outcome of the plan? Remember they must be measurable and relate back to the need. ( example ??" for senior women you might want to ultimately see an increase in mobility, flexibility, and physical activity; Therefore, an outcome might be a 10% increase in attendance at an exercise or restorative yoga class you might want to start.
What behaviors do want to see changed in this group?
What health indicators would you like to see changed?
3. Design the Health Educational Plan (20 points)

Describe your health education plan.
Identify what you plan to teach and give rationale for why you are going to present the specific content. (Example: if you are planning a health fair or a series of classes for senior citizen women at the local health center what content will you present and why).
Develop an outline and identify rationale for each section. Describe how this health education plan will reduce risk and promote health in this group.
4. Implementation of the Health Education Plan (10 points)

Identify appropriate methods based on assessment of educational needs, program outcomes and identified content.
Give rationale for using specific strategies. (lecture, video, gaming, role play etc.) Again consider age, functional status, literacy, etc.

5. Evaluation of Educational Effectiveness (25points)

Since you wont actually be implementing the plan, describe how you would assess the effectiveness of the health education plan.
How would you evaluate your outcomes from section two? In other words, how do you know if what you did worked?
Identify specific health indicators or behaviors you would use to assess learning.
Describe what other services would be necessary to reduce risk in this population.
6. APA and grammar (20 points)

There are faxes for this order.

WRITER REQUESTED: gabricinq

==================================

Hello gabricinq:

Great job last time. This time I need similar numbered lists on 3 different topics:

TOPIC #1: 5 Tips about the importance of setting goals and reaching them only as pertains to those who have DIABETES? why you want to record exercise, food, weight goals, etc.

TOPIC #2: 5 Tips about the importance of setting goals and reaching them only as pertains to those interested in avoiding HEART DISEASE ? why you want to exercise and record your progress, choose food carefully, weight goals, etc.

TOPIC #3: 5 Facts about how prevalent diabetes and heart disease (esp. in women) have become, a recognition of the signs, and the importance of recording and managing efforts to prevent/treat (should introduce some statistics, i.e. heart disease is #1 killer of women; diabetes will reach epidemic proportions by year xxxx).

SAME COPY FORMAT AND STYLE AS BEFORE, E.G.: Introductory headline "5 Tips for Recent Grads..." and numbered items as this (edited) example from last job you did, below:


=> 5 Tips for Recent Grads to Find Work Fast! (HEADLINE)

1) First, Take a Breath: Bask in the glow of your accomplishment. Take a few weeks for a special vacation. Reevaluate your life. Set some goals to focus your actions. Write them down in your planner to bring them into reality. Then shift into high gear again and kick-start the job search!

2) Be Realistic and Do Your Homework: Did you major in philosophy or a similar intellectual field? Keep in mind that sometimes degrees in such cerebral fields don?t readily translate into relevant help wanted ads. Find a way to turn your abilities and intellect into cold hard cash. Ask others who?ve found themselves in the same position what they did to become financially viable.

3) ?Google? Your Skills! Put the research skills you learned in school by Google-ing your degree in combination with germane keywords, such as ?job,? ?employment,? ?career,? and ?occupation.? The number of hits you get may surprise you, and lead you to valuable information about where to find your dream job.

ETC.


It's important to keep each numbered item brief. Approx 3 short sentences each. Short, simple words.

PLEASE SEE HOW YOUR SUBMITTED COPY (BELOW) WAS EDITED AND COMPARE WITH FINAL COPY (ABOVE) to get a sense of pithy style desired.

==============
gabricinq COPY:

YOU HAVE THE DIPLOMA, SO WHERE?S YOUR DREAM JOB?

1. You need to take a breath.
You, the successful college graduate, deserve to bask a moment in the delightful glow of your accomplishment. Mom and dad are proud of you, and they believe your education was a wise investment. There are no more anxiety-filled all-nighters fueled by lattes and cold pizza in your immediate future. Take a couple of weeks for a special vacation (funded with all of those generous graduation gifts). Get ready to reevaluate your life. However, don?t allow your relaxed breathing exercises to turn into a coma-you have some important decisions to make.

2. Do your homework.
The idea of homework may be anathema to you at this point, but those study habits will come in handy during your job search. Maybe you chose to major in the intellectually invigorating field of philosophy. Sometimes degrees in such heady fields do not readily translate into a marketable position. It is incumbent upon you to find a way to turn your esoteric abilities and finely honed intellect into cold hard cash. Ask others who have found themselves in the same position what they did to become financially viable.

3.Google your skills.
Put the research skills you learned as a student to further use by Google-ing your degree in combination with germane keywords, such as ?job,? ?employment,? ?career,? and ?occupation.? The number of hits you get may surprise you, and you may learn valuable information about where to seek your dream job.
===========================

Edited example shows how 5 tips, if written concisely, should be able to fit on 1 page.

Thank you very much...

Assignment
Creating a Safe Environment
Unit 9 Assignment Step-by-Step:

1.You are going to write a 2?3 page paper (in addition to a title and reference page) that explains and identifies a safe and healthy indoor and outdoor learning environment for one of the following age groups:

?0?4 months

?5?2 months

?2?4 years

?5?8 years

2.Please make sure to include the following components:

?Introductory paragraph: Preview the paper, include the importance of providing a healthy indoor and outdoor learning environment, and address how health, safety, and nutrition are interrelated and dependent on one another.

?Paragraph 2: Identify and describe four age-appropriate learning activities and toys that reinforce the important of health, nutrition, and safety.

?Paragraph 3: Discuss an ideal location, space, and security of a center, school, etc., and explain appropriate facility maintenance and upkeep.

?Conclusion paragraph: Summarize the main points of the paper and discuss the information mentioned in the body paragraphs.


As with all writing, be sure to include citations if you use information from any source to avoid plagiarism. It is always necessary to give the author credit. In addition, please make sure to include a reference page. If you need assistance, please use the APA Quick Reference Guide in the Course Home page or visit the Kaplan University Writing Center.

The viewpoint and purpose of this Assignment should be clearly established and sustained throughout the paper and should follow the conventions of Standard American English (correct grammar, punctuation, etc.). Your writing should be well ordered, logical and unified, as well as original and insightful within each section of the paper. Your paper should display superior content, organization, style, and mechanics. More details can be found in the GEL-1.1 Universal Writing Rubric.

Health Promotion Across the Lifespan:
Mr. and Mrs. Arahan Case Study (Chapter 2, Page 41)

Instructions: Complete the following exercise using the case study (An Older Immigrant Couple: Mr. and Mrs. Arahan) case study (will be faxed). Be prepared to discuss your findings via discussion in class.

Be sure to include the question with your answers that are in complete sentences, and must be one paragraph or more.

1) Which model or models of health are most applicable to Mr. and Mrs. Arahan and their family ? And Why?

2) Which "Healthy People 2020" (web site) objectives are of greatest importance to the Arahan family?

3) What effect do the leading Health Indicators have upon the family?

4) What preventative measures could be performed at the following levels?
a) Primary
b) Secondary
c) Tertiary

5) Correlate each preventative measure to the appropriate Healthy People 2020 Objective ?and Leading Health Indicator?

6) How would you begin a dialog between Mr. and Mrs. Arahan and their daughter?

7) What cultural aspects should be considered when discussing alternative housing arrangements for Mr. and Mrs. Arahan?

8) Discuss the services the parish nurse could offer Mr. and Mrs. Arahn?

Based on current literature, nursing research, personal interviews, and data collection of various sources regarding the target population, utilize the principles and strategies to identify a health problem (Diabetes) and develop promotion materials that can be utilized for a health fair. Applied Learning Project Health Fair 1). Overview of Target population-middle age males; include stage of development, racial or cultural considerations, etc.,2).Identify major health risks incurred by chosen population: here you describe the adult male population, what types of problems this age group often encounters, if you did an interview tell about it. 3). Problem Identified for project-Diabetes, statistics, etc., 4).Health screening Tool: Develop a questionnaire specific to Diabetes screening, 5).Health Education Tool: Develop a flyer to educate middle aged adult males on the importance of diabetes screening,6). Health Teaching Care Plan: Develop a health teaching care plan that include a Nursing Diagnosis, defining characteristics, related factors, expected outcomes, and interventions see example Edelman, C.L. & Mandle, C.L. (2010). Health promotion throughout the Lifespan (7th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby Co. Must use data collected and Healthy People 2010/2020 objective as a guide in determining primary prevention interventions. APA- 1).Organization, 2).Grammar & Punctuation,3). Spelling, 4).Format-A). Material Readability B). References included with appropriate format C). Appealing to the eye.

Disciplined Inquiry: Older Adult Assessment

Instructions

1. Review Maslows Hierarchy of Human Needs before beginning the project.

2. Select an individual 65 years or older as the subject. This may be a relative, friend, or client who gives permission for interview(s) to allow you to collect the data (as outlined below) for the project. Establish a rapport with client using therapeutic communication techniques.

3. Use a flushed left heading for headings and a narrative/paragraph(s) directly under each heading with appropriate content. Typos and incorrect grammar detract from the professionalism of the project and may be the cause of no extra points being given. Use initials only; do not use names or photos for any reason as may be considered a violation of HIPAA.

4. The final section in the project is a Journal Note that reflects your feelings/concerns regarding the present health status and needs of the selected subject. Address your feelings and thoughts about older adults and aging in general. How has your perspective changed as a result of preparing this paper? (The journal note is not to be a summary of the subjects situation.)


Guidelines for Content of the Project:

Bold type represents headings.

1. Provide a thorough physical description of the client. Physical appearance should include, at least, age, height, weight, posture, and any assistive devices used.

2. Provide a description of lifestyle, make a sub heading for each of the following: family structure (support system, pets), employment history, present living arrangements (including a brief description of the residence), general sources of income (not specifics), health insurance, daily activities, social activities, church (does he/she attend, does family attend, why or why not?), eating habits (food and fluid), degree of independence (what can subject do on own), and health promotion activities (visits to physician office/clinics, SBE, etc).

3. Provide a detailed description of the subjects past health history and current health status: Consider common physical and psychosocial problems of this age group (osteoporosis, arthritis, depression, etc) and report on those experienced by this subject. Include dates of diagnosis, signs and symptoms of conditions exhibited by the subject, and medications taken.

4. Describe the Impact of Aging on Quality of Life (make a subheading and write a paragraph for each of the following comparing present status with mid-adulthood): physical health (decreased endurance?), diet/nutrition/eating (amounts/types of food eaten? Changes in food preferences and tolerances? Mealtimes different?), independence/autonomy (assistance needed with ADLs), financial status (previous employment, previous expenses such as house payments/child rearing/health insurance compared to present financial obligations), responsibilities (house maintenance, lawn care, bill writing, etc), social life (same/different hobbies/activities compared to younger days, what prompted any changes?) family (changes in relationships with family members occurring with old age), sexuality/relationships (relationship between spouses, changes in sexuality over time, expressions of love, level of interest in opposite sex).

5. Fears/concerns regarding the future (such as death, illness, aloneness): Ask the client what his/her biggest concern related to aging is. To encourage interaction you could say something like Sometimes people worry about things like being alone or being sick.

6. Identification of Potential Needs: Identify THREE areas in which changes could be made to improve the quality of life and health for this individual. Support your selections.

7. Proposed Plan to Improve Quality of Life: Devise a plan for addressing each of the three areas identified in #6. Discuss changes that could be made in each of the three areas to improve the quality of life and health for this person.

8. Journal Note

The issue of TIME Magazine (Oct.4) contains an article of great interest. The cover story, "The First Nine Months," suggests that what happens in utero will have a significant effect on our health and well being throughout childhood and adult life.

Please use references from books, and articles in addition to the main article listed above to argue that what happens in utero will have an effect on our health and well being throughout childhood. Incorporate the following theories of child development or themes:

Famous Philospher's theories on child development

Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory. This example could be an event from your childhood or the life of a child you know. Did this event occur in the child's microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem or macrosystem or more than one of these systems? What influence did this event have on the child's development and how did this event and the child's development impact the system?

"Epigenesis"- refers to development which results from ongoing interaction between heredity and the environment.

Pre-natal Development:
lease discuss your response to a friend who is smoking and drinking during her pregnancy and claims it will have no negative effect on the fetus. How would you approach this discussion and what specific information would you give her to alter her behavior?

Infant Mortality in the United States:
Infant Mortality rates- please suggest how our country can improve our poor ranking in Infant Mortality as compared to other industrialized nations.

Brain Growth in Infancy:
Brain growth in Infancy. If this growth is not only "Experience-expectant" but also partially "Experience-Dependent" how would you promote this growth in the environment of the Infant? For the purposes of this discussion, please assume that the basic needs of the infant are being met.

Piaget's Sensorimotor Stage of Infant Cognitive Development

etc.....

Term Paper Guidelines:

a. A Title Page

b. An introduction in which you indicate the importance of the topic and provide definitions of terms. The introduction should also provide an overview of the paper, for example, several areas related to the topic you intend to discuss.

c. The body of the paper provides specific information related to your topic and citations for the works you are referencing.

d. The summary reviews the major issues you have raised or points you have made in the paper.

e. Reference Page - The reference page is an alphabetical listing of references you used in the paper. Please do not use Wikipedia or blogs as a reference. Appropriate references are Psychology journal articles and recent books about your topic. Some limited use of web-sites is acceptable, but please reference them accurately. Quotation marks must always be used and a reference provided if you are using phrases, sentences or paragraphs written by someone else. It is acceptable to paraphrase or summarize some else's work if you provide the reference.



** I will send a copy of my mid-term exam which reflect a lot of the themes that were covered throughout the semester that will help with framework of this paper.
There are faxes for this order.

Customer is requesting that (Writergrrl101) completes this order.

Students will undertake a report into a key health issue that has been identified from the document Healthy Children- Strengthening Promotion and Prevention Across Australia : Developing a National Public Action Plan for Children 2005- 2008. (Child & Youth Health Intergovernmental Partnership, 2004).
A report is a clearly structured document that identifies and examines a serious issue of importance .A report does not present theories or opinions but presents and analyses information. (Gimenez, 2007)

Choose one issue either Mental Health OR Nutrition and Breastfeeding
Choose a specific age group (infant, or toddler or preschooler or school age or adolescent)
Write the report for the nursing profession that highlights the issue, its contributing factors the impact on the family and recommendations for nursing practice.
Students are expected to make recommendations for nursing practice based on their research that are aligned to health promotion and prevention.
Use the structure provided below to construct the report.

Criteria:

Purpose
Discuss the purpose of this report and why it has been written.
Purpose is clearly and comprehensively presented. Identifies appropriate audience with superior understanding of the Role of the Registered Nurse in Child and Adolescent Health.

Introduction

Briefly describes the health issue for the age group chosen.
Identifies the contributing factors, the affect on the family & recommendations for nursing practice.
Introduction is clear, well constructed and leads the reader to expectations of the report.
The chosen; health issue, age group, contributing factors, the affect on the family & recommendations for nursing practice .are clearly stated and are briefly but clearly defined and linked to relevant sources of literature.

Definition of terms
Define any specific terms used.
Definitions of all specific terms encompasses context of use. Reference provided from relevant literature.

Background
Discuss the significance of the health issue, uses data to support discussion
Sources accessed should include, policy documents Government reports, State or National health research bodies,Refereed Journals etc.
Size, breadth and importance of issue clearly articulated, use of data from a extensive range of sources to support discussion .

Disussion
Presents the health issue, its contributing factors and the effect on the family in detail
Has surpassed the requirements for the body of the report.
Health issue is discussed clearly with superior organisational skill. Applies relevant Primary Health Care language and philosophy.
Contributing factors to the issue are clearly identified, discussed and extend beyond the physical. Effect on the family synthesises all of the determinants of health.
Discussion is supported by an extensive range of relevant and recent literature.

Recommendations
Recommendations for nursing practice address all the determinants of health in a comprehensive and analytic manner. Primary Health Care Philosophy is applied to practice. Synthesises the competency standards for the Registered Nurse in NSW.

Conclusion
Summarise the key points or findings.
Excellent summary of key points made throughout the report Clear and well organised.

Presentation
Report is clearly written
The report presents a logical sequence and coherent flow. The writing style demonstrates use of sophisticated vocabulary and accurate grammar and spelling .

In-text referencing
Ideas are referenced correctly throughout the report including appropriate acknowledgement (referencing) of all the words of others
Please note: all references must be current (within the past 5 years) or be seminal publications.
Reference list has 15 or more references that are relevant to the topic. include books, journal articles, etc..
Referencing in-text (the body of the report) and the reference list is consistently accurate and follows the APA Style.









There are faxes for this order.

APA FORMAT MUST HAVE ACCESS TO REFERENCE NO DIRECT QUOTES HYPERLINK REFERENCES PLEASE
SUBJECT
The 2009 TFAH report," Ready or Not? Protecting the Public's Health from Diseases, Disasters and Bioterrorism examines 10 key indicators to assess areas of improvement and areas of ongoing vulnerability in our nation's effort to prepare against bioterrorism and other large-scale health emergencies discuss specifically how you as an APN will address contributing to the attainment of the indicator in the state where your reside and the potential problems you see for the state if the indicator goal is not met
in your crossposts extend the discussion 1 1/2 page each to each letter by contributing substantively to the issue being discussed with references that can be accessed will turmn to turn in to check for originality no direct quotes
TD#1
1.Health Care Policy Indicator- Public Health Funding Commitment
As a student in the family nurse practitioner (FNP) program, living in the state of Alabama, health care policy indicators remain important aspects of public health funding and preparedness. Budget cuts and decreased funding have affected the United States as a whole, including Alabama. The American Public Health Association (APHA) states that Alabama spends $51.82 per resident for public health funding; which makes Alabama the 12th highest in the United States (2008). According to the Trust for Americans Health (TFAH, 2009) report, the public health funding commitment remains one of the ten important key factors noted. State-by-state indicators mentioned in this report acknowledge Alabama as one of the leading states capable of maintaining funding for public health by increasing funding by 11.9%. Unfortunately, this percentage of funding does not necessarily identify whether this amount of spending adequately meets the demands of Alabamas total public health requirements (TFAH, 2009).
As a FNP, there are many resources that can be utilized to help promote public health funding. The American Public Health Association (APHA) released a testimony involving the budget for the year 2010. Unfortunately, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) budget has decreased since 2005, and after the recent Campaign for Public Health, it will cost more than 200 million dollars to keep up with the major public health programs (APHA, 2009). Without public health funding, many national, state and local facilities will not be able to manage the health of the public and our communities. It is essential as professionals to provide and manage ways to conquer this growing epidemic.
The Office of Rural Health Policy supports providing millions of Americans with public health benefits (APHA, 2009). Among these groups that FNPs can support include the Rural Health Outreach and Network Development Grants, which are directed at providing resources for communities-based disease prevention and management. Also, the Rural Health Research Center can be utilized strongly by FNPs by giving policy makers a better understanding of public health and reasons why funding will provide many residents with great benefits (APHA, 2009). The APHA (2009) strongly encourages professionals to engage in these committees and provide essential feedback for gaining funding for these critical programs.
It remains imperative that Alabama continue to meet the requirements to maintain public health funding. Without these resources, ethnic minorities will continue to receive less than adequate health care, access to health care will continue to remain a huge concern, chronic disease will never be stopped by preventive medicine and Alabama as a whole will continue to live in poverty (APHA, 2008). Accountability for the public health and public spending of resources in Alabama must be preserved and reported to the community as well as the residents in order to justify where the taxpayers dollars are being spent. All health care providers, including FNPs must continue to gain knowledge concerning these obstacles and provide their opinion to committees, research teams, legislative members and policymakers in order to keep public health funding as one of Alabamas top priorities. The bottom line remains that health care is a major concern for all the American people and assurance that it will continue to be present is at its upmost importance now more than ever


TD #2
Food Safety ??" Detection and Diagnosis
I am currently enrolled as a student in the Family Nurse Practitioner Program in the state of Alabama. Upon completion of my degree, it will be my professional obligation to keep patients well informed on healthy dietary habits. It will also be important to teach patients the signs and symptoms of illness from food-borne pathogens. The Trust for Americas Health organization is dedicated to working towards a healthier America (TFAH, 2009). The organization sets indicators to evaluate how prepared each state is for disasters or emergency situations (TFAH, 2009). The progress and vulnerabilities for each state are identified to find areas that need improvement (TFAH, 2009). As a Family Nurse Practitioner, it will be important to keep patients of all ages informed about food-borne pathogens and how to avoid them.
According to the Trust for Americas Health (2009), Alabama did not identify 46% of pathogens responsible for food-borne pathogen illness outbreaks.This goal was not met, which shows that Alabama has a significant vulnerability in this area. In the United States, 76 million illnesses are caused by food-borne illnesses, of which 62 million illnesses are by an unidentified pathogen (CDC, n.d.).There are over 200 known microbial, chemical, or physical agents that can cause illness when ingested (Newell et al., 2010).
As a Family Nurse Practitioner, it is most important to identify and treat a patient who presents with a food-borne pathogen illness. If a patient presents with prolonged nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, an investigation of a food-borne pathogen should be completed. If a patient has these symptoms, appropriate lab work must be ordered to correctly diagnose the illness. By obtaining a stool sample from the patient, bacteria such as Campylobacter, Salmonella, E. Coli can be found through a culture (CDC, 2005). The sample can also be examined under a microscope to identify any parasites (CDC, 2005). The identification process is the most important step in the process of treating a food-borne pathogen illness. Each individual illness requires different treatments (Newell et al., 2010).
Education is the next vital step to ensuring identification of food-borne pathogens. As a Family Nurse Practitioner, I will educate patients on the signs and symptoms of a food-borne pathogen illness. All patients, including patients who have never suffered from this illness should be educated on what to do if the situation ever arises. By spending a couple of minutes with each patient to warn them about food safety, many more pathogens could be identified. Pathogens are ever changing and by increasing the number of pathogens reported will help identify potential deadly pathogens. Reporting can also help to increase preparedness for an outbreak (CDC, 2005). However, to report and seek treatment, individuals must be educated. Many Americans do not seek treatment for illness, therefore increasing the number of unidentified pathogens (CDC, 2005). As a Family Nurse Practitioner, the need to provide seminar education is imperative. In conjunction with the Houston County Health Department, seminars can be held to educate local individuals on the importance of recognizing these symptoms and seeking care so the pathogen can be identified and reported. Encouraging this positive behavior as well as offering a health screening is an influential way to provide education and volunteer services as a Family Nurse Practitioner.
Education is key in prevention. Prevention of food-borne pathogen ingestion can be done by properly educating individuals on proper cooking techniques. As a Family Nurse Pactitioner, it is important to ask patients their eating and cooking habits. Understanding and identifying any sanitation issues is key in preventing these illnesses, especially if children are involved. Many Americans, especially those living below the poverty level are not educated on sanitary and safe cooking conditions (Newell et al., 2010). This scenario can put all family members involved at risk. The undereducated population will also influence younger generations. Family Nurse Practitioners see patients of all ages. It is important to educate children as well about safe eating habits. If children understand the risks of eating food that is not cooked properly, they can help encourage their parents to be accountable.
Food safety is an ongoing issue that Americans have been facing for many years. Alabama has missed the mark on reporting food-borne pathogens to the CDC. A Family Nurse Practitioner can educate patients about safe practice in clinic, as well as volunteer services to help with public education. The more education provided the closer Alabama and America will come to preventing outbreaks of food-borne pathogens.
References
Center for Disease Control and Prevention (n.d.). Food Related Death and Illness in the UnitedStates. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol5no5/mead.htm.
Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2005). Foodborne Illness. Retrieved fromhttp://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/foodborneinfections_g.htm#howdiagnosed.
McMeekin, T., Hill, C., Wagner, M., Dahl, A., & Ross, T. (2010). Ecophysiology of food-bornepathogens: Essential knowledge to improve food safety. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 139, 64-78. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.01.041.
Newell, D., Koopmans, M., Verhoef, L., Duizer, E., Aidara-Kane, A., & Sprong, H. (2010). Food-borne diseases - the challenges of 20 years ago still persist while new ones continue to emerge. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 139, 3-15. Retrieved from MEDLINE with Full Text database.
Trust for Americas Health (2009). Ready or Not? Protecting the Public's Health from Diseases, Disasters and Bioterrorism. Retrieved from http://healthyamericans.org/reports/bioterror09/pdf/TFAHReadyorNot200906



Customer is requesting that (Writergrrl101) completes this order.

Select a current issue in the field of life-span development. Prepare a 900 to 1,000-word analysis of your selected issue. Include a description of the issue and its connection to significant concepts, distinctive features, and critical periods in life-span development. Also examine any controversies associated with your issue and a summary of how the issue has enhanced or hindered the study of life-span development in your analysis. Your paper should have a minimum of three scholarly sources.

There are faxes for this order.

We will pay $140.00 for the completion of this order.

This paper is a SINGLE SUBJECT RESEARCH STUDY paper that will be 9 pages.
*** 5 to 7 references need to be provided*** This paper will subtitled.*** THE SUBTITLES ARE BELOW IN BOLD WITH THE INFORMATION THAT NEEDS TO BE INCLUDED WITHIN EACH.
Below there is Client Identifying Information AND Presenting Problem that will be used in order to write this 9 page paper.
Client Identifying Information:
Client is a 30 year old White female who has recently divorced her husband and is responsible for the care of two minor children ages 10, and 8. She works as a teachers assistant for a local public school, even though she has not earned a Bachelors degree yet. Consequently, she earns a low salary. Client is also responsible for the support of her mother who lives with her and is not employed. Client enjoys good physical health and is part of a small social support system.
Presenting Problem:
Client has been diagnosed as suffering from clinical depression. She has little motivation and concentration, she has little or no desire to participate in pleasurable activities, sleeps 10 to 12 hours per night but feels tired most of the day. She has lost most of her appetite and consequently she has lost approximately 15 pounds during the last month. She feels helpless and hopeless. Her current condition seriously hinders her ability to adequately care for her children.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Based on the information provided above, you are expected to:
1. Specify the particular aspect of the clients situation you will target with your intervention.
2. Select an appropriate intervention following a review of the literature. You should describe the selected intervention and justify your selection of it. Your selected intervention should be supported by the literature and consistent with a theory.
3. Formulate a hypothesis or research question.
4. Identify the variable to be measured (dependent variable) and state the objective of your intervention.
5. Identify the instrument and strategy you would utilize to measure the dependent variable. You must discuss the issues of validity and reliability if you choose to use a standardized test.
6. State what your research design will be.
7. State what your research design will be.
7. (A) Create Data
8. Create at least one graphic using the SINGWIN program.
9. Conduct at least one statistical test using the SINGWIN program.
10. As part of the interpretation of your findings, indicate whether your hypothesis is accepted or rejected or what is the answer to your research question. You should discuss the studys statistical, theoretical and practical significance.
11. As part of your conclusions you should discuss the study limitations, your clinical impressions and the perceived overall worth of your single subject intervention and research study.
IMPORTANT:
**HERE ARE THE SUBTITLES THAT YOU WILL USE FOR THE PAPER (THEY ARE IN BOLD LETTERING). Do not use numbers; use subtitles only and you need to write below each one. Start off with the DESCRIPTION of Client Selected. Every number below has clear notes on what exactly to do. Every number below matches with numbers from above. Under subtitles there are notes to help with each one.*****
1. DESCRIPTION OF CLIENT SELECTED-
Client is a 30 year old White female who has recently divorced her husband and is responsible for the care of two minor children ages 10, and 8. She works as a teachers assistant for a local public school even though she has not earned a Bachelors degree yet. Consequently, she earns a low salary. Client is also responsible for the support of her mother who lives with her and is not employed. Client enjoys good physical health and is part of a small social support system
*NOTE: ALL YOU HAVE TO DO IS WRITE THE SAME INFORMATION IN YOUR OWN WORDS, EVERYTHING NEEDS TO BE INCLUDED.

2. TARGETED PROBLEM OR SITUATION
Presenting Problem:
Client has been diagnosed as suffering from clinical depression. She has little motivation and concentration, she has little or no desire to participate in pleasurable activities, sleeps 10 to 12 hours per night but feels tired most of the day. She has lost most of her appetite and consequently she has lost approximately 15 pounds during the last month. She feels helpless and hopeless. Her current condition seriously hinders her ability to adequately care for her children.
*NOTE: There are numerous problems identified per the case scenario. DO NOT WRITE THIS PART WORD FOR WORD. You need to specify or target on one of the problems mentioned. FOR EXAMPLE, IF ITS ON DEPRESSION FOCUS ON ONE BEHAVIOR LIKE SLEEP PATTERNS OR LOSS OF APPETITIE.
YOU HAVE TO SELECT A BEHAVIOR THAT YOU BELIEVE YOU CAN CHANGE.
**EXAMPLE: I WANT TO FOCUS ON LACK OF DESIRE TO ENGAGE ON ACTIVITES ( A WAY OF HOW IT CAN BE WRITTEN ON THE PAPER)
***What is the Behavior/situation?
***You can mention the behaviors from the presenting problem; HOWEVER, YOU WANT TO ONLY FOCUS ON ONE.
***YOU CAN WRITE THIS ON THE PAPER IF YOU WANT, FOR EXAMPLE : HERE ARE THE PRESENTING PROBLEMS, HOWEVER I WANT TO FOCUS ON THIS_________ BEHAVIOR.

3. JUSTIFICATION FOR AND DESCRIPTION OF SELECTED INTERVENTION.
*NOTE: YOU WILL NEED TO FIND AN INTERVENTION ON THE PROBLEM THAT YOU CHOSE.
*WHAT WILL BE A GOOD INTERVENTION THAT WILL HELP SOMEONE, FOR EXAMPLE, SLEEP. ANOTHER EXAMPLE: PROBLEM, THE CLIENT IS UNABLE TO SLEEP, THE INTERVENTION COULD BE EXERCISE; AND INCLUDE WHY YOU FEEL EXERCISE WOULD BE THE FOCUS OF INTERVENTION.
**YOU NEED TO HAVE JUSTIFICATION-JUSTIFY THE INTERVENTION.
***PLEASE INCLUDE REFERENCES FROM LITERATURE TO JUSTIFY YOUR ACTIONS, OVERALL INCLUDE 5-7 REFERENCES.
FOR EXAMPLE: THIS IS THE INTERVENTION I SELECTED, ..THIS IS THE DESCRIPTION,AND THIS IS WHY I SELECTED IT,.., I have selected this intervention because according to this study this intervention has worked, or justify with a theory, for example, according to this theory, this intervention should work.
(THE WRITER IS TO INCLUDE IN THIS FORMAT, AND THE REASON FOR THE SELECTION NEEDS TO BE JUSTIFIED AND HAVE BACKUP FROM LITERATURE FROM RESEARCH FINDINGS OR THEORIES, ETC.
**** SINCE WE ARE DOING AN ABA DESIGN YOU ONLY NEED ONE INTERVENTION.
4. HYPOTHESIS OR RESEARCH QUESTION
*NOTES: WRITE THE HYPOTHESES OR WRITE THE RESEARCH QUESTION, IN THIS PART YOU WOULD SAY FOR EXAMPLE: THE NUMBER OF HOURS CLIENT WILL SLEEP AT NIGHT WILL INCREASE WITH MY INTERVENTION. OR YOU CAN POSE IT AS A QUESTION? FOR EXAMPLE: WILL THE NUMBERS OF HOURS SLEPT INCREASE WITH MY INTERVENTION?
***1) INTERVENTION IS THE X VARIABLE CAUSE (INDEPNDANT) AND 2) THE BEHAVIOR /TARGETED FOR CHANGE IS THE Y VARIABLE EFFECT (DEPENDANT).
5. VARIABLE TO BE MEASURED AND OBJECTIVE(S) OF THE INTERVENTION.
*NOTES:**HERE THE WRITER NEEDS TO INCLUDE THE VARIABLES, FOR EXAMPLE, NUMBER OF HOURS PER NIGHT CLIENT SLEEPS
*** THE VARIABLE NEEDS TO BE MEASURED, YOU ONLY NEED TO INCLUDE THE DEPENDANT VARIABLE/ THE EFFECT AND OBJECTIVES OF THE INTERVENTION., THIS IS IN PART BECAUSE YOU DONT ALWAYS WANT SOMETHING TO INCREASE, SOMETIMES YOU WANT THE BEHAVIOR TO DECREASE OR STAY THE SAME****
****THE VARIABLE NEEDS TO BE MEASURED, DO NOT GIVE A VAGUE CONCEPT FOR EXAMPLE: LIKE CLINICAL DEPRESSION, IT NEEDS TO BE SPECIFIC AND MEASURED. FOR EXAMPLE: YOU CAN WRITE SOMETHING LIKE NUMBER OF HOURS PERSON SLEEPS PER NIGHT.
*****YOU NEED TO INCLUDE WHAT IS THE BEHAVIOR THAT IS GOING TO CHANGE AFTER THE INTERVENTION.

6. INSTRUMENT AND STRATEGY FOR MEASURING THE DEPENDANT VARIABLE.
*NOTE: You need to use references here. THE ONLY TIME YOU DO NOT USE REFERENCES , IS FOR A LOG.*
** Find a measurable instrument or make up a small log of your intervention ora scale of hoe you measured your intervention. Also, you can use a strategy of how you did this. For example, how you collected your data, KEPT a log from Monday-SUNDAY and kept track of it.
EXAMPLE: A VALIDATED PSYCHOLOGICAL TEST OR BY KEEPING A SIMPLE LOG OF THE MEASUREMENTS.**I would think that you can write something here and the other half probably use a questionnaire, or a log, or a psychological test (whatever suits best for the paper).
***WHAT NEEDS TO BE INCLUDED IS HOW I AM GOING TO MEASURE IT. EXAMPLE: PERSON SUFFERS FROM PHOBIA OR ANXIETY. MAKE OBSERVATIONS ON THIS PERSON AND FIND OUT. DOES THIS PERSON HAVE COLD SWEATS? ***INSTRUMENT CAN BE A QUESTIONNARE OR A LOG TO MONITOR THE FREQUENCY OF BEHAVIOR.
IF IT IS A PSYCHOLOGICAL TEST, JUSTIFY THAT IT IS A VALIDATED TEST AND STATE WHY. YOU GET FROM THE TEST WHY IT THAT ITS VALIDATED IS. *BUT IF IT IS A LOG IT DOSENT HAVE TO BE JUSTIFIED!!!!

7. SELECTED RESEARCH DESIGN
*NOTE: HERE YOU TALK ABOUT YOUR DESIGN. FOR EXAMPLE, IT IS A SIX WEEK INTERVENTIONCLIENT DID BETTER EACH WEEKMonday through Sunday the person exercised 30 minutes a day(YOU CAN MEASURE FREQUENCY, MAGNITUDE, SEVERITY.)
HERE WE WANT TO USE THE ABA DESIGN. YOU CAN START OFF THE PARAGRAPH BY WRITING: MY DESIGN IS GOING TO BE AN ABA DESIGN
(For your [the writers] info only on ABA below)
A=BASELINE -this is the observation you make before the intervention (a baseline is a point of reference to know where the problem is/got started).
B= INTERVENTION the actual intervention being done.
A= BASELINE the observation after the intervention. This is what happened after the intervention. The client improves or does not improve. In this paper the client will improve. (a baseline is a point of reference to know where it started, to see if it got better or worse).
8. GRAPH-
NOTE: YOU CAN DO A SIMPLE LINE CHART OR A BAR GRAPH. THIS IS WHERE U WILL SHOW YOUR OBSERVATIONS, FOR EXAMPLE, DID YOU MEASURE IN DAYS , WEEKS, OR NUMBER OF TIMES OBSERVED AND WHAT WAS OBSERVED. EX: IS TO REDUCE # OF CIGARETTES SMOKED PER DAY, INTERVENTION WOULD BE WHATEVER YOU DO TO HELP CLIENT, LIKE COUNSELING, NICOTENE PATCH, ETC. HERE ARE RANDOM EXAMPLES:
Results




9. STATISITCAL TEST- THIS IS WHERE YOU INTERPERET THE FINDING AND TELLS WHAT IT MEANS. If we are doing a ABA design, we cant do a T-Test.** HERE ARE EXAMPLES:
Means Chi-Square Test


10. INTERPRETATION OF FINDINGS- Findings must match the graph and statistical test. As part of the interpretation of your findings, indicate whether your hypothesis is accepted or rejected or what is the answer to your research question (vocabulary to be used is: if the probability P=.05 or less you will accept your research hypothesis. (Note: you will probably accept it because your intervention is going to help the client significantly). If it is .06 or above you reject it. You should discuss the studys statistical, theoretical and practical significance. WAS THERE RELIABILITY OR VALIDITY ON YOUR FINDINGS?
11. CONCLUSIONS- As part of the conclusions you should discuss the study of limitations, your clinical impressions and the perceived overall worth of your single subject intervention and research study.
12. THE REFERENCES

There are faxes for this order.

Preferred Writer FreelaceWriter Or A Writer whos familiar with Health Related topic papers and Can meet the standards of Doctoral level of writing

This paper is to help to demonstrate, how patients choose a healthy behavior and the likelihood of taking action towards it . Also, what factors influences this behavior and steps to making their decision. Therefore, as a pharmacy student it helps us to understand their point of view by trying this theory our self and writing about it.

I need the writer to choose a health behavior (my example is working out 3 times a week) . And attempt to change it over period of time (two weeks) .
Note: The writer could use any other healthy behavior if he wishes. As long as Health behavior must be a change in the positive direction.

The paper should be 2 pages at least. Paper should include the following.
-Introduction
-Description of the behavior the writer tried to change
-Statement of whether the writer was successful or unsuccessful in changing this behavior. ( It does not matter whether or not it was successful in changing this behavior , however, its required to reflect on their experience and writer about it.)
*Note: In my example, attempting to exercise 3X a week, it was successful. And it made me have more energy and feeling productive from the beginning of day after my gym workout.) If writer chooses this topic please emphasize this idea.
-Paragraph or two why the writer felt he/she was successful or unsuccessful.
-Application of at least one of the heath behavior models that I will attach at the end of this paper.( please see attachme nt below)
-Honest appraisal on whether the writer found this experience valuable and why
Conclusion.

Health Decision Model :

Combines:
Health belief Model
Decisional Analysis
Behavioral Decision Theory


Decisional Analysis
For a given outcomecompute a score based on
*Perceived Value
*Probability of occurrence
Theoretically= choose the outcome with the highest score.

Health Decision Model
Behavioral Decision Theory
Identify biases in decision making.
Risks involving gains and looses
Certainty effect
Sunk costs
Availability
Selective perception
Concrete vs. abstract information
Reluctance to revise beliefs/ discount beliefs given new data

Importance of Behavior Change

Most efforts to improve health require some change in behavior on the part of the pa tient.
(OConnell D. In behavioral Medicine in primary Care.)

-Elimination or reduction of destructive behavior( smoking, alcohol dependence
-Promotion of healthier lifestyle( e.g. Regular exercise , safer sex)
-Adherence to medical regime for acute or chronic illness (e.g. Taking medication, checking blood glucose.)


Health Belief Model
1--Individual Perception
( Perceived susceptibility to Disease X)


Modifying Factors.
2--Demographic Variables( age, sex , race, ethnicity, etc)
Sociopsychological Variables( personality, social class, peer and reference group pressure, etc.)
Structural Variable ) knowledge about disease, prior contact with disease etc.)

This step has influence on Step 1

Step 2 leads to Perceive threat of Disease (x)
And finally
Likelihood of Action
Perceived benefits of retentive action
Minus
Perceived barriers to preventative action. Which determines the likelihood of behavior change

Theory of Planned Behavior.

Concept
Behavioral intention---- Perceived likelihood of performing behavior
Attitude---- Personal evaluation of the behavior
Subject norm----Beliefs about whether key people approve or disapprove of the behavior, motivation to behave in way that gains their approval
Perceive behavioral control---- Believe that one has and can exercise, control over performing the behavior.

*This is a research paper that is informative and persuasive, but also argumentative.
*My thesis for the paper needs to be stronger. Here is what I have now: "More healthy young women should consider donation their eggs to married couples who need them." So what ever it ends up being I would like the theme to be pro embryo donation.
*I need 10 sources used, at least 3 books/anthologies (not encyclopedias) and 4 journal articles, at least 1 primary source, and at least 7 scholarly sources
*OTHER CRITERIA:1)title-Essay includes an engaging, memorable, and appropriate title.2)thesis-Essay identifies a clear thesis which addresses all aspects of the assignment. 3)intro- Introduction provides pertinent topic content and does so in an engaging manner. 4)body/evidence - The writer develops ideas with thorough and relevant support.Included in the essay are objections which are successfully rebutted. 5)conclusion - Conclusion reaffirms the essay's topic and provides a sense of finality in an engaging manner. 6)organization - Essay is clearly and concisely organized. Ideas follow one another logically. 7)sources - at least 10 quality sources are used; the information is relevant and well integrated. 8)theories/arguments - Writer successfully uses theories of argument, which may include audience awareness; tone; logos, ethos, pathos; and Rogerian theories of persuasion.9) citations - Brief, well-chosen sources are integrated into the essay well. Citations are appropriately and correctly used.

There are faxes for this order.

Topic
You are the admitting nurse in the medical care ward of your local hospital. Mrs. Wood, aged 73, presents for admission for one of the following reasons.

Osteoporosis

Use a 'healthy model of ageing' approach.
Your answer should relate directly to Mrs Wood and her condition. Essay format is not required for this assignment. You will obviously dedicate more work to the area that has more marks allocated to it.

Question 1 - Pathophysiology - 600 worlds
Describe the normal ageing changes that would occur in Mrs Wood. (10 marks)[When asked to describe the normal ageing changes that would occur in Mrs Jones please describe the changes you would expect to see in an elderly patient with the condition you have chosen. In other words, how does her condition impact on her and the aging process. Is it normal to see this condition in the aged? If so, why and what signs and symptoms would you see. Essentially you are describing the pathophysiology of the condition, why we see it in the elderly and what S & S would alert you to the condition.]



Question 2 - Communication - 300 words
Discuss how you would present this information to Mrs Wood so that she was able to understand the reason for this admission. Give an example of your conversation using your own words. (5 marks)[Question 2 asks you to explain how you would present the reason for Mrs John's admission to her so that she is able to understand it. That is, explain the pathophysiology of ageing in layman's terms (not like in question one where you will have detailed aging in nursing terms). Please use the exact language that you would use. For example,

Mrs Jones, you have had to come into hospital today because you have a condition called hypertension. What happens in hypertension is that there is narrowing of your blood vessels so they go from being very wide to becoming very narrow. When they become narrow they can cause problems like those that you experienced today - dizziness and chest pain. This is becuase not quite enough blood and oxygen is getting to your brain and your heart. What we are going to do is to give you some medication to help make your arteries wider and talk to you about some ways you can help yourself feel better by watching what you eat and by doing a little bit of exercise.]


Question 3 - Education - 300 words
Outline what health education you would incorporate into Mrs Wood's plan for care while she is hospitalised. (5 marks/300 words)[Question 3 asks you to incorporate some health education into Mrs John's care plan and this education will be specific to the particular condition you have assigned to her. That is, the pharmacist will talk to her about her medication, the physio will talk about her exercise program, the dietian will talk about nutrition etc. Please specify the types of material you would expect each specialist to cover. This will highlight how the nurse can coordinate the pre-discharge information that needs to be passed to the patient so that they are able to help manage their care in the community.
Question three asks you to outline the health education you would incorporate into the plan of care whilst hospitalized. So you would discuss the reason why you would be incorporating that information into the education plan. Why would you include a dietian' referral, physio referral etc. e.g. A dietian's referral is important because nutrition is an identified risk factor in the elderly and particularly in those with diabetes and malnutrition. This is because of x, y and z factors.



Question 4 - Health Care Team -300 words
Outline the various health professionals you would involved in Mrs Wood's plan for care while hospitalised and discuss each of their roles in the team. (5 marks) NB: It is not sufficient to say "Podiatrist - works with feet." [Question four asks you to give the information of each specialist in more detail. This will examine what specific information each specialist will cover. When you are discussing pharmacological issues this will also flow into question 5.



Question 5 - Pharmacology - 300 words
Discuss the specific medication administration considerations that would be required for Mrs Wood. (5 marks)

Question 6 - Discharge Plan - 600 words
Develop a discharge plan for Mrs Wood. Include rationales for each aspect of the plan. Remember, discharge planning should commence at admission, so in your plan identify how the discharge plan relates to the plan of care developed for Mrs Wood's hospitalisation. The focus should be on 'healthy ageing'. (10 marks)

References must be used for each question. A reference list is to be attached at the end of the case study. You are expected to provide a minimum of 15 references for this assignment. These are to include but not limited to a mix of journals, books, internet sources and organizational policies and protocols.

Marks will be deducted for inadequate presentation and referencing.

Rationale
Students will be able to demonstrate an understanding of the normal aging changes that occur as people age as well as an understanding of the concept of healthy aging. This is necessary in nursing as historically the focus has been on the illness model of care rather than on the wellness model of care. As primary care givers in the health system nurses need to be able to provide care that is appropriate for the stage of life their patients/clients are at.

RESOURCES YOU COULD USE

Prescribed text(s)
Miller, C 2004, Nursing for wellness in older adults, 4th edn, Lippincott, Sydney.



Recommended reading
Abrams, W & Fletcher, A 1999, The Merck manual of geriatrics, Merck, Sharp & Dohme. (Any recent edition.)

Ebersole, P, Hess, P & Luggen, A 2004, Towards healthy aging, 6th edn, Mosby, St Louis.

Eliopoulos, C 2001, Gerontological nursing, 2nd edn, Mosby, St Louis

Gray, L et al. 2000, 'Geriatric medicine', A pocket guide for doctors, health professionals and students, 2nd edn, Ausmed; Melbourne.

Hudson, R (ed.) 2003, 'Dementia nursing', A guide to Practice, Ausmed, Melbourne. This is a wonderful resource, succinctly presented and well referenced. The principles covered in this package (it also comes with a CD ROM) pertain to all contexts of gerontic nursing, not just dementia care.

Nay, R & Garrat, S 2004, Nursing older people: Issues and innovations, 2nd edn, Churchill Livingstone, Sydney

Nolan, M, Davies, S & Grant, G, (eds) 2001, Working with older people and their families, Open University Press, Philadelphia.

Osterweil, D, Brummeis-Smith & Beck, JC 2000, Comprehensive geriatric assessment, McGraw-Hill.

Staunton, P & Chiarella, M 2002, Nursing and the law, 5th edn, Churchill Livingstone, Marrickville.

Stockslager, J & Schaeffer, L, (eds) 2003, Handbook of geriatric nursing care, 2nd edn, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Theobald, M 2003, Delirium risk management program resource kit, Ballarat Health Services, Ballarat, Victoria.

Students undertaking this subject are advised to read pertinent journals, such as
Abstracts in social gerontology: current literature on aging

Australasian Journal on Ageing

Geriaction

Journal of Gerontology

Journal of Applied Gerontology

Journal for Prevention and Healing: Advances in wound care

Nursing Homes; long term care management

Journal of Gerontological Nursing

Relevant Internet sites
Aged and Community Services Australia
http://www.agedcare.org.au

Aged Care Standards and Accreditation Agency
http://www.accreditation.aust.com

American Geriatrics Society
http://www.americangeriatrics.org

Australian Association of Gerontology
http://www.aag.asn.au

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
http://www.aihw.gov.au

Canadian Association of Gerontology
http://www.cagacg.ca

Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing
http://www.health.gov.u

Cota National Seniors
(previously Council on the Ageing and National Seniors Association).
http://www.cota.org.au

Gerontological Society of America
http://www.geron.org

Merck Manual of Geriatric Medicine
http://www.merck.com

National Aged Care Alliance
http://www.naca.asn.au

National Gerontological Nursing Association
http://www.ngna.org

National Institute on Ageing
http://www.nia.nih.gov

Older Women's Network
http://www.own.org.au

SeniorNet Association
http://www.seniornet.com.au






Assessment 1: Marking Criteria
Value: 40% of final grade

Student Name_____________________________________________________

Criteria Grade:

E = excellent work
W = well done
S = satisfactory
N = needs improvement
P = poor
criterion meet to an exceptionally high standard
criterion meet to a high standard
criterion met but depth and/or breath somewhat limited
criterion met to an acceptable standard just, but there is much room for further development
criterion not met; either not addressed or treated very superficially





E
W
S
N
P

Presentation
No marks awarded but up to 20% of marks will be deducted from total mark for work poorly presented.

Legibility






Grammar/use of English






Format (page no's, title page, footers,
spacing 1 1/2 etc.)






Structure/Development
No marks awarded but up to 20 % of marks will be deducted from total mark for work poorly presented.

General Introduction






Body of paper is well organised






Paragraphing






Linking ideas/signposting






Content - 100%






1. Normal ageing changes (10 marks)






2. Presentation of information to patient (5 marks)






3. Education in care plan (5 marks)






4. Allied health team (5 marks)






5. Medication administration (5 marks)






6. Discharge plan with rationale (10 marks)






Academic Referencing Technique

No marks awarded but up to 40% of marks will be deducted from total mark for work poorly referenced and resourced.

APA referencing system correct in paper






APA referencing system correct in reference list






Appropriate use of nursing and other literature - at least 15 references are used as supporting evidence for the paper including own extra research






Appropriate systematic reference to subject readings and textbooks






Correct use of quotes






General Comments





Mark:___________
Lecturer signature:___________________
Date:_______

Creative Project

Review the literature dealing with the theoretical background, development, and use of the product as well as its potential benefit. Based upon this review, a clearly defined statement of what the product of the study will be should be developed. For example one could say: The product of this study will be a guide for implementing a Tall Buddy program at an Elementary School that will service at-risk 6th graders due to emotional, social or behavioral problems and 1st grade struggling readers.
The final paper should contain concise statements about (a) the purpose of the project, (b) the population for which it is intended, (c) a description of the procedure showing how the project was developed, and (d) an evaluation of the product by 2-3 people with the background to provide feedback.

The Creative Project Paper Format 20 - 25 pages
Section 1: The Problem:
Purpose of the Study:
Importance of the Study:
Information for writer:
Teachers are overwhelmed by the special challenges they face: escalating numbers of students, categorized as emotionally or behaviorally disordered and escalating demands on teachers to fill nonteaching roles in childrens lives. It is my belief that helping troubled 6th grade students feel capable, connected and contributing members of a school will help decrease behavioral problems and increase a students self esteem. I also believe that by training the 6th grade students how to tutor low achieving 1st graders will have a chance to make accelerated growth. With the Tall Buddy program three things are possible for the 6th graders: First, Behavior can improve second, student self-esteem increases, which must happen if we want students too behave more responsibly and achieve more academically and third an improvement in reading skills. Another outcome of Tall Buddy tutoring is to improve the reading skills of both the Tall Buddies and the Small Buddies to ensure that all students become proficient readers. First Graders who have difficulty in reading quickly fall behind their classmates. First-grade teachers can predict with some confidence, that those student in their class with considerable reading deficits by the end of the school year will likely have long-lasting challenges in reading in their school years. All teachers involved should select academic measures to use to track students reading levels both before Tall Buddies begins and during the tutoring program. Also it is important to note that when a Tall Buddy is chosen to participate in the program that the privilege is non revocable meaning that their position is not held over their head and threatened to be ended due to poor behavior, not turning in homework or completing assignments. It takes time to break habits that have been in process for years. I believe in progress toward the behavior wanted, not prefection.



Section 2: Review of Literature: The critical need for doing this (15 20 references)
Introduction (How much literature is available? Organization of the Literature review)

Literature Review
Summary
Information for writer:
I have included a Lit Review with 5 sources that can be use to support the part about Promoting Self-Esteem Through Mentoring. I will be sending you the articles that will support both the self-esteem and behavioral improvement for the 6th graders as well as articles discussing the improvement in reading the 1st graders will benefit in. Can I email them to you?


Section 3: Procedure;
Development/ Approval of Project
How was the project developed? (blueprint for others to follow)
Who did you involve in the developmental process and why?
What was the approval process, if necessary?
Implementation
How was it or will it be implemented

Information for the writer
I am a Curriculum Support Teacher and my Job is to support teachers in raising student achievement. In 2005 I new we had a very difficult group of 5th graders coming into 6th. The fifth grade teachers continually complained about low-test scores due to misbehaving students. I had read a book called Cooperative Discipline by Linda Albert that discussed the importance of relationships with students and that if students feel capable, connected and contributing members of a school very often problem behaviors disappear. So I tried to come up with a plan to help the 6 major behavior problem soon to be 6th graders feel capable, connected and contributing members of our school. Thus Tall Buddies was born. I knew I could maintain a group of 10 but needed some other students besides behavior problems so in talking with the teachers it was decided that students with low self-esteem could also benefit from such a program.
I went to the principal of the school, Marcie Nichols, to get permission to begin the program because it would take 30 40 min. of my time 4 days a week. I also meet with both the 6th and 1st grade teachers to work out the details, student selection, time and so forth. All agreed it would be a valuable use of my time.
I involved the first grade teachers in deciding the most valuable things a first grader could do under the guidance of a 6th grader. We had to make it easy for the 6th grader because they had to feel Capable of doing the task in order for the project to be a sucess.

This Tall Buddy Program is intended to help guide a Peer-Tutoring Program in an elementary school. Schools can exercise creative freedom as they put together a Tall Buddy tutoring program in reading that meets the needs of their students. It includes instructions to prepare for and begin a school-based tutoring program in reading, how to select tutors and first grade students as well as lessons and materials to teach the 6th graders how to tutor 1st graders.

In putting the guide together I felt it of utmost importance to include thorough training to 6th grade tutors in the elements of the tutoring process. Tutors need to be carefully trained before hand and monitored frequently. The Tall Buddy tutors will meet with their Small Buddy 3 days a week. One day a week the Tall Buddy Trainer will meet with only the Tall Buddies for debriefing, celebrations and further training. (This meeting also helps to build the relationship between the Tutors and Tall Buddy Coach which is a critical component of the program) Any teacher organizing a Tall Buddies training should assume that tutors require lessons in appropriate behavior like how to pick up kids politely and respectfully to and from the tutoring sessions, use of praise and simple but effective intervention strategies. One of the important facets of the program is the continually monitoring of the program.
In order to make sure Tall Buddy tutors have learned the fundamentals of tutoring before letting them to meet with their Small Buddies they need to be given time to practice, and to show their mastery of the various skills taught. The teacher can come up with their own fun ways to get Tall Buddies to practice under their watchful eye. Whole group response, pairing off students to work on cooperative learning activities, and the use of role-playing are only some of the ideas that students can use to show what they know.

Implementation:
The program was implemented and actually begun before the target 5th grade group left for school that year. I went into each 5th grade classroom and gave them the details of the program and passed around a sign in sheet for those students who were interested. Almost the whole 5th grade signed up. (the reason why I did this, when we already knew who the students would be is because I wanted to make them feel specifically chosen for a very special task...helping a first grader who needed help in reading.
After summer and the students were 6th graders I had a 2-week training program that is outlined in detail in the project portion. The importance here was twofold, building repor and trust which helped us form a relationship and also teaching them the important components of a reading tutoring program.
Once trained the Small Buddies were carefully selected baed on assessments the teachers had and they were introduced. The program ran for 8 weeks at which time the first grade teachers revisited current data. Many students graduated the program some stayed for round 2.
At the end of the year at 6th grade graduation the 6th grade teachers passed our many certificates for many different reasons; attendance, presidents honor roll, academic achievement, Gifted and Talented and then I proudly presented all of the Tall Buddies with certificates for making a difference in a first graders life.

Section IV Evaluation
I have asked the first and 6th grade teachers for feedback so I will do this section once I recieve the feedback.


References; APA Style Please include the cooperative discipline book by Linda Albert ph.D. AGS (american Guidance Service, Inc. Circle Pines, Minnesota)

Articles for Lit Review


This is the Lit Review that you can also get information from.
Literature Review
Promoting Self Esteem Through Mentoring
Ellen Giffin
INTRODUCTION
This paper presents a detailed examination of what the outcome might be in using children with self-esteem issues to work with younger children at school.
I am going to be writing a grant to fund a tall buddy program at my school and want the literature selected for this review to support the program. I believe that such a program will promote self esteem and reduce behavior issues with the mentors as they begin to feel connected and capable as contributing members of the school.
Self esteem issues are the root of many problems in the world. Those who have a low self esteem work at a reduced capacity, tend to not perform at their peak and often cause problems in the world around them(Emler, 2002). The importance of healthy self esteem should not be minimized as it is one of the components that drive people to succeed as children and adults. A low self esteem can prevent one from completing goals, succeeding at tasks or having healthy personal relationships. If one has a healthy self esteem one is not afraid to reach for the moon, content in the knowledge that even if he or she fails she will still fall among the stars. In the field of education teachers and administrators are charged with imparting information as well as helping the students build strong social and interpersonal skills along the way. If a child has damaged self esteem in the younger grades that will carry into middle and high school, possibly having a negative impact on that students educational path. While it is important to read, write and do math, it is equally important to build a healthy self esteem and self concept so as the student advances, and the work becomes more self directed and difficult the student has the tools in self confidence to move into that level. Research has shown that people who have a low self esteem often do not feel they are contributing to the world in any way. They feel useless, hopeless and that their abilities are not needed in the large scheme of things. This often translates into behavior issues as the student tries to carve a place for himself or herself in the world and be noticed. A program in which students with low self esteem are partnered with younger students to help them with their work and their general school existence will help the older student realize they are a vital and positive contributor to the school. Helping the student feel connected with the school will help that student develop a more healthy self esteem thereby giving him the tools to succeed as he reaches the upper grades. This paper provides a literature review to support the idea of a Tall Buddy Program for at risk sixth grade students. The Tall Buddy Program is designed around the premise that students working with younger students will have their behavior and self concept improve for several reasons.

Connection with other teachers on campus
Feeling like they make a difference in a younger students life.
Feeling capable of helping other
Feeling like they can contribute to the school as a larger setting.
SELF ESTEEM
Before one can measure the possible benefits of such a program it is important to understand the impact a low self esteem has on individuals and therefore society. There is a long standing belief that self esteem issues contribute to delinquency, giving concern to having such students work with younger students, however, research has consistently proven that students with low self esteem are not more at risk to become delinquents, however the injury to their own psyche and their own lives is very real(Emler, 2002).
Over the years, many problems have been blamed on low self esteem. Some of the facts that the literature already bears
relatively low self-esteem is not a risk factor for delinquency, violence towards others (including child and partner abuse), drug use, alcohol abuse, educational under-attainment or racism;
relatively low self-esteem is a risk factor for suicide, suicide attempts and depression, for teenage pregnancy, and for victimization by others. In each case, however, this risk factor is one of several and probably interacts with others;
there are indications that childhood self-esteem is associated with adolescent eating disorders and with economic outcomes--earnings, continuity of employment--in early adulthood, but the causal mechanisms involved remain unclear(Emler, 2002).
Research has indicated that ones self esteem is a key factor in what that person accomplishes in life.
A high self esteem indicates a person has a positive attitude about themselves and that they feel they have a worth to the world and to society.
The importance of self-esteem can be considered from several perspectives. First, it is important to normal, psychological development. To adequately cope with the challenges of growing and developing, persons need to believe that they have the capacity to achieve what they need and want to and that they are deserving of happiness and joy in life(Walz, 1991).
One study measured the importance of school climate on the development of a childs self esteem and it proved to be a valuable element in the total package.
School climate plays an important role in the development of the self-esteem of students. Schools that target self-esteem as a major school goal appear to be "more successful academically as well as in developing healthy self-esteem among their students" (California Task Force to Promote Self-Esteem, 1990, p. 5) (Walz, 1991).
Studies have also concluded that students with high self esteems are less likely to become pregnant, use drugs or display behavior problems.
Exclusive attention to just self-esteem or personal achievement may well result in less favorable outcomes in either or both areas than when an approach is used which attends to both self-esteem and achievement. Walz and Bleuer (in press) in postulating the presence of an "esteem-achievement connection" emphasize the importance of presenting students with challenging experiences that enable the student to "earn" high esteem by successfully coping with difficult tasks(Walz, 1991).
A program in which the students are expected to perform academically as well as by a Tall Buddy to a younger student will illicit the above needs.
A recent study of American Asian students compared to other students showed that the attitude and belief that it is in their control is what causes American Asian students to perform better in school. Asian American parents believe that it is effort, not luck or ability that causes a student to succeed at school. Research found that this attitude of effort and connectedness to the school and the academics drove American Asian students to perform more highly than their Anglo American counterparts even given cultural and language barriers that were presented(Hwang, 1995).
Studies also found that too often, self-esteem programs send completely counterproductive messages to children by directing youngsters' attention toward their own basest inner gratification-no matter what they do, it's fine, because they are always wonderfuland special.
For students to develop true high self esteem that will assist them in accomplishing their later life goals it is important that they believe they connected and contributed to the society. A program that pairs them with younger students and allows them to succeed thereby build self confidence will help them develop high self esteem.
To possess self-esteem, one must possess self-worth. To be worthy, one must be good at something or at least try to be (Hwang, 1995).
High levels of self-esteem and positive school, peer, and family connections represent protective factors against youth involvement in risky behavior(McClellan, 2002).
Another study examined the impact that high self esteem has on a students performance and behavior.
High self esteem was shown in this research to contribute to high academic behavior by having the student feel a connectedness with the school he or she attends. When a person feels connected that person is more likely to perform and put for their best effort in the tasks that they undertake.
The study examined a mentoring program in which the students were mentored by adults and was successful(McClellan, 2002). This program illustrates the ability of a mentor program to help students increase self esteem, however, it was something they were given. Research also shows that increases in self esteem can be attributed to accomplishments and the feeling of being able. A program which has the students with low self esteem become the mentors will serve to strengthen the self esteem of those students even more than being mentored to.
In addition to the self esteem they will gain by being mentors, they will gain self esteem because of the adults who work with them as mentors. It will allow the students to be part of an important process in which they partner with adults in the quest to assist younger students. This will further enhance their sense of being connected and able to contribute positively to the school that they attend.
The use and benefits of mentors have been investigated and documented for a variety of professions and populations, including numerous peer-based mentoring programs for elementary-age students(Massey, 2000).
The conclusion is overwhelmingly in favor of mentoring because it creates a feeling of belonging and ability to succeed. A program that places the students with low self esteem in the role of leader and mentor can only serve to boost self esteem. In addition it will provide the student mentors with the knowledge that they can build goals and solve problems by attaining those goals, which is a valuable concept to understand in life.
In addition to the benefits that mentees gain, mentors gain by (a) improved self-esteem by modeling appropriate skills and knowledge to another peer, (b) increased opportunities to interact with peers different than themselves (e.g., students with disabilities), and (c) mastered social competence(Massey, 2000).
CONCLUSION
Students with high self esteem have a documented advantage over students with low self esteem. A Tall Buddy Program will allow students with low self esteem to increase their self esteem by mentoring to students who are younger. The younger students will also benefit form the program ass they have a buddy to turn to while they learn to navigate the path of education in elementary school.
Students who have high self esteem go on to become adults with high self esteem and it is those adults who cure disease, invent things, and provide positively to the society that they live in. It is important to help students with low self esteem get it turned around as they enter the upper school grades so that they will be equipped with the can do attitude that will allow them to succeed and go on to pursue their adult desires and goals with confidence. Students with low self esteem become adults with low self esteem which can translate to higher welfare roles at a cost to taxpayers. It is to societys advantage to help students who have low self esteem change their perceptions and given them confidence in their ability to contribute to the world.




REFERENCES




Emler, Nicholas (2002) The costs and causes of low self-esteem. Youth Studies Australia

Hwang, Yong G (1995) Student apathy, lack of self-responsibility and false self-esteem are failing American schools. Journal of Education

Massey, Gayle (2000) Mentoring with Elementary-Age Students.
Intervention in School & Clinic

McClellan, Warren (1995) Increasing self-esteem and school connectedness through a multidimensional mentoring program. Journal of School Health

Walz, Garry R (1991) ERIC Identifier: ED328827 http://www.ericdigests.org/pre-9219/self.htm ERIC Clearinghouse



Emler, Nicholas (2002) The costs and causes of low self-esteem. Youth Studies
Australia, 21(3) 45. Retrieved June 21, 2006, from the ULV Academic Search
Premier database.

Hwang, Yong G (1995) Student apathy, lack of self-responsibility and false self-esteem
are failing American schools. Journal of Education, 115(4)484. Retrieved June 21, 2006, from the ULV Academic Search Premier database.

Massey, Gayle (2000) Mentoring with Elementary-Age Students.
Intervention in School & Clinic, 36(1)36. Retrieved June 24, 2006 from the ULV
Academic Search database.

McClellan, Warren (1995) Increasing self-esteem and school connectedness through a
multidimensional mentoring program. Journal of School Health, 72(7)6. Retrieved
June 24, 2006 from the ULV Academic Search database.

Walz, Garry R (1991) Counseling to Enhance Self-Esteem. Eric Digest. ED328827
Retrieved on June 24, 2006 from the ERIC Clearinghouse.
http://www.ericdigests.org/pre-9219/self.htm
Articles to Use: Can I email them to you?

There are faxes for this order.

Outline the general health behaviors of your selected group. Detail what intervention and promotion strategies you would use to improve the health of individuals in this group. Outline the expected results from this intervention.
Use a review article format and reference the appropriate material using APA style. Try to be original and come up with some unique intervention strategies. Reference your material where appropriate, APA style. Some interventions will have had very little prior research
What format should look like:
1. Introduction
1.1 Subject group
1.2 Background info
2. Interventions
2.1 Current interventions (what are they doing now) 
2.2 Proposed intervention(s)
3. Expected Outcome
4. Conclusion
References - APA style

In summary--What can parents do to promote physical activity in the lives of their children? How can they do it? What strategies, techniques, promotions, interventions can/should they use. Have these interventions existed for this subject group before?
Are parents the key to the success of their childs health? How can they ensure their child grows up to be a fit and healthy individual. Has research shown that children are more likely to be healthy when health and physical activity is encouraged by their parents?
(focus is on elementary school aged children)

Purpose of paper: Assess understanding of the basic elements of proper psychological research and ability to apply principles of critical thinking.

While listening to the evening news, you hear a report about a significant research study on preparing for parenthood. A group of 15 pregnant women signed up for a program at a local hospital that featured weekly four-hour training sessions in meditation and other stress reduction techniques. One year after they delivered, their babies were tested, and it turned out that their babies were healthier and happier than babies whose mothers did not sign up for the program. The researchers concluded that expectant mothers who do not take the time to learn stress reduction techniques are putting the future health and happiness of their babies at risk. Discuss at least three reasons why this conclusion culd simply be the result of faulty research practices and therefore highly questionable.

In the paper make sure you refer to specific elements of proper research and discuss specific ways in which these researchers may have gone astray. For example, if you note it is possible that important "extraneous variables" were not controlled, explain why it is important that they be controlled and describe at least one significant variable that might not have been controlled and how it would produce a "false" effect on the data collected by these researchers. Or, if you note that the "outcome measure" might have lacked validity, explain what is meant by that and describe why a particular measure that might have been used could be inappropriate for the conslusion drawn.

Write a paper on the topic of obesity. You are to give a brief description of what obesity is and how common it is. Discuss what causes obesity and what leads to it. The following items need to be addressed in your paper as well:

-Review some of the obesity programs that are out there today. What types of treatments are available and give examples of two of them (what they do, what their goal is, how they work, their success rate, etc.)
-The solution to obesity: prevention. How this can be done by starting young, eating healthy, developing good habits and keeping them

The paper should be 10 pages in length and double spaced. Use 1 inch margins and 12 point font.

You are to use AT LEAST 4 references: these can be scholarly books, scholarly articles, scholarly journals, published studies, on-line articles from journals, etc.

Remember, this is an upper level Abnormal Psychology class so I am expecting your paper to be very well done.

Below is the Memo I did on this topic before, that's what I need in the term paper. I hope it may help you a little.
I also need the background, theoretical framework(identify the need, what it is?), methods(like data,statistic), importance of findings(look something new, updates news) and the relevance of research.
I?m planning to talk about the age issue face to many pilots:
Age 60 Rule- Mandatory Retirement Age for airline pilots
~Some people can argue with that a pilot can still be very healthy even over their 60s, but some plots with 50s of age may not be as healthy as those who are 60s.
~Is that unfair to those who still very healthy but reaches their 60?
~As we know the salary of pilot is depends on their seniority and experience, most of them are getting only an average income during their first 20-25 years of pilot life.
~Is that unfair to retire them at their golden ages?
~Some research I would do on the safety reason: Older pilots (ages 55-63) made fewer errors than younger pilots (40-49). The relationship between aging and pilot performance.
~With statistic, how many airline pilots really need to retire early due to medical reason?
~Therefore, should the mandatory retirement age be adjusted or change?