553 words

Photochemical smog: formation, composition, and health effects

Smog is a form of air pollution. It is made up of a combination of smoke and fog. In the old days smog was mainly caused due to the burning of coal. The mixture of smoke and sulfur dioxide is what resulted in the formation of smog.However, the modern age smog does not originate from coal.

~3 min read

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1,144 words

Systems theory and General Motors' organizational inflexibility

The bankruptcy of General Motors and Chrysler, and the flagging fortunes of the formerly 'big three' dominant American automakers cannot be entirely blamed upon the recent economic downturn and credit crisis.

~6 min read

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850 words

Enforcement mechanisms and structures in international environmental law

International law takes multiple different formats. One format is law as determined by the United Nations. Such laws cover all member states, although there are limited enforcement mechanisms.

~5 min read

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606 words

International law frameworks for environmental protection and agreements

All international law deals with relations between two or more different nations. There are two main components of international law -- the laws of nations and agreements between nations. Laws of nations are comprised of those laws accepted by virtually all world nations.

~4 min read

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1,188 words

The United States carbon cap and trade bill: policy mechanisms and implementation challenges

On June 26, 2009, the Carbon Cap and Trade bill was passed by a narrow margin through the U.S. House of Representatives. Currently, the bill is waiting to be voted on by the U.S. senate and if it becomes law, it would be the first law to mandate greenhouse gas emissions in the United States.

~6 min read

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1,870 words

Harold Hongju Koh's four paradigms of American exceptionalism

American exceptionalism is a concept that has been shrouded in controversy since the arrival of the first British pioneers and settlers.

~10 min read

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780 words

Australia's domestic policy responses to terrorism and global security threats

It is difficult to say that its involvement in trade across the East Timor has fully benefited Australia. Certainly, this has provided it with a unilateral dominance in affairs which provides it petroleum trade at a premium to other nations.

~4 min read

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3,302 words

The New Zealand Council of Trade Unions and contemporary labor representation

Many countries are experiencing a decline in union membership and some observers question whether unions are still needed given their diminished role in collective bargaining in recent years.

~17 min read

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635 words

Dow Chemical's supply chain risk management and sustainability practices

The importance of supply chain management is broadly acknowledged by many large companies for efficiency and cost-savings gains.

~4 min read

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1,132 words

Atmospheric circulation cells and global weather pattern regulation

We know so little about the place that has been our home for thousands of years. There are so many unseen functions of the planet Earth that have such strong influences on all aspects of the creatures which walk upon it.

~6 min read

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