the topic is: what factors in american cultural history open up the possibility for a cult like matthias?do you believe that this is the result of a distinctly revivalist and market-oriented american culture, or does the cult tap in to tendencies present in all societies at all times?
the cited sources are:1-book "The kingdom of Matthias" by sean wiltz, poul johnson. 2-www.xroads.virginia.edu/~hyper/detoc/ch11.htm
3- www.vcu.edu/engweb/transcendentalism/authors/emerson/essays/amscholar.html.

ETH125
Cultural Diversity


Capstone CheckPoint

? Write a 300- to 400-word summary answering all of the following questions:

o What information about race and ethnicity in the United States has helped you better understand or relate to specific minority groups?
o Have you learned something new about your own cultural history?
o Trends in immigration continue to shape the face of the United States. What will the face look like in the year 2050?
o How might the country best prepare for the changing race and ethnicity of its current and future citizens?

Each question should be no more than 3 pages (around 2.5 pages)

Question 1:
How does Thomas Bender use an extroverted conception of space to re-think American history and American imperialism? What do you think the stakes are in thinking about history and geography together?


Readings: Bender, T. 2006. A Nation among Nations: Americas Place in World
History. New York: Hill & Wang: Introduction & Chapter 4.

http://books.google.com/books?id=wQHlrIz4gpYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=thomas+bender+%22america%27s+place+in+world+history%22&source=bl&ots=5nAo1j3Zke&sig=YRs4uCa5AelOg17dF-w4rIFKsSk&hl=en&ei=1NzHTLiMEIG-sAOlybXUDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CBwQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false

Introduction: P.3-14
Chapter 4: P.182-245( there are plenty of pages missing, see if you can find them)

Question: 2
Gail Bederman and Anne McClintock both show imperialism as it worked through race, class, gender together. Drawing on an example of your choosing from Bederman, McClintock or the film "Race the power of an illusion," discuss how these three categories were formed in relation to one another.


Readings: Bederman, G. 1995. Manliness & Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender
and Race in the United States, 1880-1917. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press: Chapters 1& 5.
http://books.google.com/books?id=Mq0iqm4gNucC&printsec=frontcover&dq=:+A+Cultural+History+of+Gender+and+Race+in+the+United+States,&hl=en&ei=KePHTLnDNYK6sAPo8umPDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false

Chapter 1: P. 1-44
Chapter 5: P.173-215 (pages missing)

McClintock, Anne. 1995. Imperial Leather: Race, Gender and Sexuality in
the Colonial Contest. London: Routledge: 1-17.

Introduction P. 1-17 Postcolonialism and the angel of progress( cant find on google book)



Question: 3
Drawing on specific examples from course readings, discuss how Said develops a dynamic conception of culture. How do you think this speaks to Cabral's argument about culture in anticolonial revolution? Where do you think Said and Cabral might agree or disagree?

Readings: Said, E. 2002. The Clash of Definitions. In Reflections on Exile and Other
Essays. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press: 569-590.



_____. 1993. Empire, Geography, and Culture. In Culture and
Imperialism. New York: Vintage Books: 3-14.
(Both cant found online)

Cabral, A. 1973. National Liberation and Culture. In Return to the Source:
Selected Speeches of Amilcar Cabral. New York: Monthly Review
Press: 39-56.


No outside sources are needed other than course readings.

There are faxes for this order.

BA Fashion Managament Year 1
UNIT: CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL STUDIES

ASSESSMENT AND PROJECT BRIEF

Fashion provides one of the most ready means through which individuals can make expressive visual statements about their identities. Bennett, A.( 2005). Culture and Everyday Life. London: Sage. p. 96.


Discuss this statement with reference to individual examples.( include images related to the subject ) Taking into consideration the statement above and relate to fashion consumption.


Your essay (2000 words) must be presented in academic format, with bibliography and references.( HARVARD REFERENCING.)
IT SHOULD NOT BE OVER 20% ON TURNITIN.

Your answer should include:
Reference to key themes, debates and concepts covered in the unit
Referenced quotations (using Harvard referencing) from at least four academic texts to support your argument
A critical analysis of examples relevant to your degree subject
The conventions of academic writing

Upon successful completion of this unit you will be able to demonstrate:

1. an awareness of Cultural and Historical Studies as an academic discipline and its relationship with debates concerning fashion and beauty (subject knowledge);

2. an engagement with, and understanding of, relevant academic literature (research) ;

3. critical and analytical skills (analysis);

4. the ability to communicate effectively in an academic style (communication and presentation).

READING LIST:

?Bennett, A. (2005) Fashion, in, Culture and Everyday Life London: Sage.
Short, accessible discussion of the relationship between fashion and social identity, invaluable reading for the essay.

?Church - Gibson, P. (2006) Analysing Fashion, in, T. Jackson, D. Shaw (eds). The Fashion Handbook London: Routledge.
Very short, very readable introduction to the themes covered in this unit.

?Dant, T. (1999) Wearing it out: Written clothing and Material clothing, in, T. Dant, 1999, Material Culture in the Social World Buckingham: University Press.
Useful discussion of many of the key ideas that underpin this unit.

Edwards, T. (2011) Fashion in Focus: Concepts, Practices and Politics. London: Routledge.
Very useful introduction to understanding fashion, introduces many of the key issues that are central to this unit

English, B. (2007) A Cultural History of Fashion in the 20th Century Oxford: Berg.
Self explanatory title, very good at situating specific designers and trends in their broader cultural context

Entwistle, J. (2000) The Fashioned Body: Fashion, Dress and Modern Social Theory Cambridge: Polity.
Hugely useful overview of many of the issues covered in this unit. Do not be put off by chapter one which is far more complex than those that follow.

Kaiser, S. B. (2012) Fashion and Cultural Studies. Oxford: Berg.
Very useful introduction to understanding Cultural Studies approaches to fashion, introduces many of the key issues that are central to this unit ??" well worth buying.

Further reading

Baldwin, E. et al (1999) Introducing Cultural Studies London: Prentice Hall.
Useful and relatively accessible introduction to the main themes of cultural studies, does not focus on fashion but offers a valuable overview of many of the key ideas used to study and understand fashion within a cultural studies approach.

Barker, C. (2000) Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice London: Sage.
Like Baldwin above a useful and relatively accessible introduction to the main themes of cultural studies, does not focus on fashion but offers a valuable overview of many of the key ideas used to study and understand fashion within a cultural studies approach.

Barnard, M. (2007) Fashion Theory: A Reader London: Routledge.
Invaluable and exhaustive collection of readings covering a range of themes considered on this unit, not always introductory, but with very clear section introductions.

Breward, C. (1998) Cultures, Identities, Histories. Fashioning a Cultural Approach to Dress. in Fashion Theory 2 (4).
Sophisticated (and short) introduction to Cultural Studies approaches to studying fashion

Breward, C. (2003) Fashion Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Useful introduction to understanding fashion, introduces many of the key issues that are central to this unit.
Craik, J. (2009) Fashion: The Key Concepts Oxford: Berg.
Very readable textbook that covers many of the issues explored in this unit at an introductory level.

Finkelstein, J. (1996) After a Fashion Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.
Short, lucid and accessible introduction to many key approaches to understanding fashion.

READING LIST ABOUT CONSUMPTION:

- Bocock, R. (1992) Consumption and Lifestyles, in R. Bocock and K. Thompson Social and Cultural Forms of Modernity Cambridge: Polity.
Very useful general discussion of approaches to understanding consumption.

- Miles, S. (1998) Consuming fashion in S. Miles Consumerism as a Way of Life London: Sage.
Useful short overview of some of the key approaches to fashion consumption.

TEXT: Women and the Historical Enterprise in America: Gender, Race, and the Politics of Memory, 1880-1945 (Gender and American Culture)
BY: Julie Des Jardins (MY PROFESSOR)

Paper Question
The book you've been reading suggests that history is always in flux. Even though the "facts" don't change, interpretations of them do depending on who is interpreting when, where, and why. So, here's your paper question: Do you think it matters whether or not men or women are writing American history? Your answer shouldn't be as simple as the question. To make a compelling argument, your answer shouldn't be a cut-and-dry yes or no, but a nuanced, carefully qualified and thoughtful response. Maybe in some respects you think "yes" and in others "no," in which case you should come up with a thesis statement that accounts for this gray in between. Indeed, you 'll likely want to answer the question by limiting your answer to a specific time, place, or situation. You may use the book in whatever way you want to make your case, though I strongly discourage mere rehashing of it. Come up with your own way to answer the question using the book to inform your answer to a greater or lesser extent. Indeed, the book may help provide fodder for your arguments by lending ideas or examples. Other discussions, lectures, or readings from class may also come in handy.

Because you are writing 3-5 pages only, you have to come up with a central thesis or contention for the paper that is the right size-certainly not too big. fu other words, your thesis must be sufficiently provable in 3 to 5 pages. Don't try to solve the world's problems in this paper. Come up with a thesis that is nuanced enough that the 2 or 3 examples or arguments you posit in the paper seem sufficient.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

General Logistics of the Paper
Font: 12
Spacing: Double
Length: 3-5 pages
Single-Sided
Student Name and Section: in the top-right corner of the first page (for section, HI1000 at 9:30 or 11: 10 should suffice)
Title: This really should be more descriptive than "Essay" or "Response Paper." Titles should tell the reader something about what you're going to argue in the paper.
Citing: If you are quoting the book we've been reading for class, an INTERNAL NOTE should suffice. An internal note is merely putting the author's name and page number in parentheses after the quote. After you have used the author's name once, a mere page number in parentheses following quotes is sufficient: (Smith, 23), and then (45), (69), (90) thereafter. If, however, you are going to use other written sources other than the book, you must provide
a complete citation for any direct quote in a footnote or endnote1. This citation would include author, title of work, publisher, date and place of publication, and
pages number/s. If you are referring to an outside source but not quoting it directly, provide a footnote or endnote with the author and title of the work.

General Structure: An opening paragraph with a thesis statement, body paragraphs with
several organized points, and a concluding paragraph.


Why is the Paper Question so Vague?
Most of you are likely used to answering questions for which the professor has a very specific response in mind. I, on the other hand, did not want to assign something nearly so prescribed. It is not any fun for me to read 200 papers that regurgitate my own prescribed right answer back to me-hence the open-ended question. I absolutely,
positively have no singular idea in my mind of what is a right or wrong answer-AND YOU'LL FAIL MISERABLY AT THIS IS YOU TAKE THIS APPROACH. Indeed, the book and our discussions in class may suggest to you that I have strong opinions one way or another on the question, but I actually think strong points can be made that women's
and men's histories are similar and different. Like I said above, it is probably not wise to answer simply YES or NO. The sophisticated paper accounts for the gray in between.
The point of this paper is NOT to see how close you come to some right answer, but rather for me to get a glimpse of how you think. If the paper is poorly organized and articulated, I'll likely conclude that your thinking on the subject is a mess too. Think of your writing as a reflection of your thinking: the clearer the ideas are
expressed in the paper, the more clearly I assume you're thinking about them. If you're ambitious and take a controversial stance in your paper-great! Your position, however, must be defendable with logical examples and solid evidence.

What Kind of Paper are You Writing?
You are being asked to write an analytic paper. This means that it is argumentative.
?Argumentative" does not necessarily mean combative or adversarial, rather, it means that the paper is motivated by a point that you are trying to prove in the paper. All
analytic papers have something called a THESIS in it. A thesis is a carefully articulated position or argument that your paper is seeking to prove. If your thesis is
nothing more than some fact, or it is an opinion that is too black and white, you cannot argue it compellingly for the remainder of a paper. What generally happens in papers
like these is that the writer states a fact as his thesis, thinking that this is an argument, and merely spends the rest of the paper reiterating this fact in other ways. The paper goes nowhere; it is pointless. If you choose an appropriate thesis from the beginning, the rest
of the paper does not repeat itself, rather it takes interesting directions- building on itself, qualifying and enhancing the argument, or whatever. Let's see what bad and better

thesis statements looks like:

Thesis 1: American women write history differently than men because they have not had as much professional history education.

Thesis 2: Indeed, it may sound chauvinist to suggest that men and women write history differently; nonetheless if one considers the historical conditioning of male and female
historians and the histories they write, the suggestion has more merit.

Thesis 3: Women wrote more social and cultural history, while men wrote more "scientific" history.

Thesis 4: The book makes a compelling case that women's marginal positions in the academy and society led them to write social and cultural history in the twentieth century
that men were less inclined to write. Nevertheless, on closer inspection one can conclude that these social and cultural histories shared characteristics of histories written by men.

Thesis 5: I don't think it is fair to say that women write history differently than men. In the book Mary Williams wrote "scientific" history just like her male colleagues.

Questions to ask yourself when structuring your thesis:
Is this claim too open-ended to argue well in 3-5 pages?

Is this an argument, or a statement that can't really be argued?

Is this thesis too small or specific to be compelling? (if it is, perhaps it can be one of your subpoints instead of an entire thesis.)

Does this thesis lend itself to using the book or some other source/s effectively? (Typically, a paper that can use sources effectively feels more grounded and well argued. If no sources are needed to prove your claim, it may be too vague. )

Is your claim sufficiently qualified with the necessary specifications of time, place, situation, and/or persons or people you're arguing about?

How Do I Get Started
The first thing you need to do is jot down some notes about ideas that are compelling to you and perhaps some examples from the book or other sources that you think you may
want to use. TAKE THE TIME TO THINK BEFORE WRITING ANYTHING. As you work through your ideas, then you can start to draft an outline of your paper. The outline
is the skeleton of what your paper will look like: the thesis, necessary background section (which mayor may not be needed in a paper of this length), points and subpoints, and conclusion. Depending on how you work, this outline may be more or less fleshed out. Some people like to flesh out an outline with the precise examples and citations they plan
to use so that when it comes to writing the paper it nearly writes itself. Others like to create an outline that gives just a vague sense of the shape the paper will take.

Indeed, you must have a thesis statement in your paper, but that does not always pop into your head right away. It is not unusual to start writing, see where your ideas are going, and then go back to work on your introduction and thesis later. If you think of your opening paragraph as a roadmap for the argument presented in the rest of the paper, it makes sense that you cannot draw out that map until the road has been paved and you know where it starts and ends. My advice is to work at both the thesis statement and body of the paper back and forth together. Your thesis statement, unfinished as it may be, may help you structure the argument that follows, but sometimes the argument that
unfolds may help you figure out what you want your thesis to be.

Topic Sentences
Topic sentences are those sentences, usually at the beginnings of paragraphs, that sign post what's going to happen in the rest of a paragraph. If your opening thesis
paragraph serves as a road map for the entire paper, think of the topic sentences as road signs as you proceed along the journey. In essence, they say things like, "I'm starting the argument with some background..." or "now that I've raised this point I'm going to build on it with this next one. ..," or "before moving on with the argumentative flow of the paper I'm going to add sophistication to the paper with this qualifying point. ..," or
"despite what I said in the last paragraph, I still ultimately think this or that. ...,? etc. etc.
etc. Topic sentences give argumentative direction to the paper; good ones help you move the paper along when it feels stagnant-whether it's to build an argument ("In addition to?"), shift directions(Nevertheless?,? ?Despite??), or qualify (Although??). When you draft your outline or start drafting your paper, be conscious of your topic sentences. If they are missing, the reader doesn't know where the paper is going or what
the following paragraph promises to deliver.

Conclusions
There are differing opinions of the function of the concluding paragraph. Often students just reiterate what they've been arguing throughout the paper in a concise way in the conclusion. I'm generally of the belief that if you have to do this, the paper was not as clear as it should be. The best conclusions don't diverge from the rest of the paper completely, but they do subtly suggest a new direction, a larger question that the paper begs or reaction that the paper elicits.

The main foreign enemy of the Greeks for several centuries was the Persians. Discuss the origin of that enmity on the part of the Persians and its development through time. Why did the Persians keep fighting the Greeks? How did the method of fighting change over time? Why? And how did this enmity effect Greek history? What might have been different if the Persians had not been the enemy of the Greek city-states?

Use the following as sources: "Wars of the Ancient Greeks" by Victor Hanson; "Penguin Historical Atlas of Ancient Greece" by Robert Morkot; and "Ancient Greece: A Political, Social and Cultural History" by Sarah Pomeroy, Stanley Burnstein, Walter Donlan, and Jennifer Roberts.

This is a tutorial presentation essay paper on the Persian Wars. The question is: "On what basis did the various Greek cities decide to resist Persia in 480 BC, or not to resist them? What does this tell us about the ancient Greeks?"

I shall fax the recommended sources and abstract on the tutorial. I will also submit the aims and description of the course.

Needed for order:
The Persian Wars.

One of the defining events of Classical Greek civilisation was the fact that in 480-

479BC they had met the Persians and defeated them. Since the Persian army was more

numerous, and apparently better organised, this was taken to show the innate

superiority of the Greeks over the barbarians. The Greeks had shown qualities to

match the Persians, but what exactly were these qualities? In considering this

question, we should try to avoid the fixed ideas of either the ancient Greeks

themselves or our own modern ones.

The idea that the barbarians were innately inferior was widely accepted in the ancient

world. We might call such attitudes racist. We need to identify the strengths and

weaknesses of both sides, and the differences between various peoples who were

fighting on the same side. Modern fixed ideas can also hinder our understanding. The

once widespread criticism of the Greeks for failing to resist the Persians on a national

basis is no longer popular. It is anachronistic to expect the Greeks to have organised

themselves, as we do, as a nation-state. Finally, historians like to select the winners of

history. The question of who did most for the Greek victory in the Persian War has

been contentious from antiquity down to modern times. We need to understand how it

was that the Greeks ended up the victors in a war where rational calculation suggested

they would lose.

On what bases did the various Greek cities decide to resist Persia in 480BC, or

not to resist them? What does this tell us about the ancient Greeks?

Primary sources:

*Herodotus VII 138-180, VIII 2.

Secondary material:

*Burn, A.R., Persia and the Greeks, 1962, #chapter 17.

Fine, J.V.A., The Ancient Greeks: A Critical History, 1983, chapter 8.

*Green, Peter, The Greco-Persian Wars, 1996, esp #Part 3.

Hignett, C., Xerxes? Invasion of Greece, 1963, Part II i.

Price, Simon, Religion of the Ancient Greeks 1999, chapter 4.

Lazenby, J.F., The Defence of Greece: 490-479 B.C., 1991, chapter 7-9.

Murray, Oswyn, Early Greece, 1980, chapter 16.

Olmstead, A.T., History of the Persian Empire, 1948, chapter 18.

Osborne, Robin, Greece in the Making: 1200-479 BC 1996, 325-343.

Pomeroy, S.B. etc., Ancient Greece: A Political, Social and Cultural History, 1999,

181-199.

Sealey, Raphael, A History of the Greek City States 700-338BC 1976, chapter 8.







COURSE INFORMATION

Aims and Objectives

? To gain knowledge of life and society in one of the major areas of the Ancient World, Greece,

from the beginnings of Greek civilization in the time of Homer to the Persian Wars

? To study Homeric epic in relation to the nature of the society in which these epics were written;

to examine contemporary material which reveals how ancient peoples made sense of their world

and to see how ancient societies were held together by power, persuasion and other means, or, in

some cases, not held together at all.

? To learn to frame historical questions, to consider the relationship between the past and the

present, to analyse texts, both written and visual, to argue logically, to write lucidly and

generally to participate in the understanding and creation of history; to understand the

importance of Ancient Greece for the subsequent history of the Western world.

Description

This course studies the development of Greek civilisation and the Greek city-state (polis) from the time of

Homer to the Persian Wars. It will be based on primary evidence, mostly written, such as Homer and

Herodotus, but also archaeological and visual images of surviving sites. It will consider various differing

modern interpretations of particular topics. We will examine the society depicted in the work of Homer,

and the aristocrats who dominated it. We go on to consider the development of the city state, including the

growth of trade, the foundation of colonies, tyranny and the rise of the hoplite phalanx. In the second part

of the semester we will examine the origins and development of the unusual, military-based society of

Sparta and its constitution and the roles of the various groups (including women) within that state, followed

by the early stages of the development of Athenian democracy and what we know about Athenian society.

We will conclude with the Greek defeat, led by these two cities, of the more powerful Persian empire, and

how this came about.

Write a well-organized personal essay on the religious history of your family as much as you know it. Please take this opportunity to speak to your parents, grandparents or other relatives to find out things you don't know. In future, this "oral history" may be precious to your family. (Note: This paper is not on your personal beliefs as such, but rather the religious and cultural history of the last three generations or more in your family.)

Organize the paper in any way that seems good to you. Answer such questions as the following: Where did we come from? What was the religious background of my grandparents on both sides? What has been the religion of my parents? Is there more than one religious tradition? If so, what has that meant to us? Have family members changed their affiliation or practice? how does one generation ? even in the same tradition ? differ from another? How have our religion(s) formed our lives ? or not? how do I see myself/my family in the landscape of America/New York?

This is the religion class assignment.
I'm from Vietnam and now studying in new york.
My parents is Vietnamese and they still live in Hanoi, Vietnam
Write anything you can imagine.

If the writer I requested (scipiobronze) is not available it is not a huge deal, however I was in love with my last order he completed so he would be my ideal writer!!!

All instructions and sources will be sent by me via email.

CITATION SYTLE FOR THIS RESEARCH PAPER IS LOCATED WITHIN The Guide to the Presentation of an Essay in Ancient Greek or Roman History (SENT IN SEPARATE EMAIL).

It is IMPERATIVE that ALL INSTRUCTIONS are read before beginning this research paper (i.e. INSTRUCTIONS, MY INSTRUCTIONS, THE GUIDE TO THE PRESENTATION OF AN ESSAY IN ANCIENT GREEK OR ROMAN HISTORY, as well as ALL SOURCES --> sources to be used are FULLY EXPLAINED in INSTRUCTIONS and MY INSTRUCTIONS).

Expectations. Please format the essay according to the Guide to the Presentation of an Essay in
Ancient Greek or Roman History (SENT IN SEPARATE EMAIL). The essay will be marked according to an assessment criteria sheet, a copy of which appears in INSTRUCTIONS. Disregarding the reading lists and reading general works are NOT ALLOWED. Please answer ALL parts of the question.

RESOURCES *****
The Primary and Secondary resource list has 8 starred items (list is located in INSTRUCTIONS word file). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY STARRED ITEMS MUST BE READ AND USED WITHIN THIS RESEARCH ESSAY. All 3 ancient sources MUST be read and used ??" A minimum of 5 secondary sources MUST be read and used (There are 5 secondary sources already starred! HOWEVER use of non-starred sources is encouraged!!)

The use of on-line materials for this essay is not permitted, with the exception of the materials specifically mentioned on the reading lists, and ancient texts contained on the Lacus Curtius websites.

Please read over and take into account the hints and information given below on this topic specifically, as well as a few important points on Romanization and how it is being studied in this course.

Some helpful hints from the professor:

Topic 1 (avoid chaotic rendering of every piece of evidence!)
- Focus answer on something concrete --> not a general and broad discussion --> ground your argument properly
- Domination --> takes form in Romanization (How did they [Greeks] negotiate a place for themselves in their own world? (politically, culturally, literary activity))
- How did the Greeks maintain an identity even though the Greek world was ruled by the Romans?
- Greeks were constantly appealing to their past --> significantly rich political and cultural history
- GOLDHILL (Rebecca Preston in Goldhill --> chapter 3)
- PRICE
- SALMERI
- WOOLF --> useful for questions of identity --> Greeks forming identity (effects of Romanization and how it took place in the Greek world)
________________________________________________________________________________________________

In our course we have talked a lot about "Romanization" --> the process by which the people around the empire adopted a roman identity or became more Roman/Method of spreading roman culture, ideas, and Roman way of life. Some points we talked about in this course regarding Romanization:

- Rome sometimes co-existing with culture/architecture/customs etc. sometimes dominating

Greek East did not change as much as West ??" East more co-existed
- Romanization was an effort to preserve and safe guard the good remaining in Greek civilization ?****
- Instead of encouraging Greeks to adopt an active identity --> Greeks remained Greek because the Romans appreciated their history
- Kept language and culture (culturally superior to Rome)
- Roman culture and education was ignored in the east
- Politics --> Shift of political sphere from democracy to oligarchy
- Investigated the nature of Roman Religion
- Main objective was to bring Greek and Roman ideologies in 1 sphere

Cicero
- On election to position of governor of Greece says ROME owes a lot to the Greeks for their civilization

Pliny
- Believed that civilization, literature and agriculture were invented by Greeks
- Provided Romans with justice and gave us laws
- Romanization was a method of spreading roman culture, ideas, and Roman way of life
- Spread of Latin (dominant language of Rome) in culture, writing, etc.
- Architecture
- Goods --> Jewelry, pottery, etc.
- Gods --> worship of Roman Gods throughout the Empire
- Granting of Roman Citizenship

Greece
- Rich with its own political culture and celebrated continuity
- Roman intervention was to reduce the role of the popular assembly and instead they replaced it with an oligarchy
- Descendents of Alexander the Great/Defenders of liberty against Persians
- This was all part of Greek identity, can be contrasted with practices in the west
- Romans knew this culture and acknowledged it
- Romans had to intervene because of inter-squabbling of the Greeks

Local Elites
- Integration of Local Elites into the Roman system helped control local populus
- Local magistrates of municipia were given Roman Citizenship as reward for their services
- Negotiating amount of power --> did this through distribution of citizenship
- This distribution of citizenship furthered the bond between local elites and Romans --> Local elites reminded of benefits that accompanied PAX ROMANA --> they had the most to lose --> Wanted people they ruled over to remain loyal to Rome

Evidence of Romanization
- Clothes/togas,
- Aqueducts
- Temples
- Roads
- Baths
- Urbanization
- Economy
- Trade
There are faxes for this order.

Customer is requesting that (scipiobronze) completes this order.

Must have a very strong thesis, and have 2 Primary sources and 5 secondary sources. Write about how Eva Peron influenced the cultural history, and why she was loved so much, and to a certain extent hated by some. Also, what significance did she have towards Argentine national identity. Talk about how influential she was to the people of Argentina, and what she hoped to accomplish in her life.

Response question

Numerous critics have pointed to the problems inherent in the concept of "Cultural Hierarchy"; for example, it ignores the vibrant flows of cultural history, it assumes that value is inherent in the artifact or practice and, following Pop Art, it seems to be irrelevant. Yet the notion of "Cultural Hierarchy" persists, to one degree or another (i.e. When is the last time you heard an art historian discussing Bob Ross' "happy little trees"?). For your response, consider the validity of "Cultural Hierarchy." In particular, consider if it is a worthwhile concept to preserve. Do we consign it to the dustbins of history and instead celebrate a radical relativism of taste? Do we defend it on the grounds that certain artifacts/practices are better/more important than others and deserve to be celebrated? Or do we reconceptualize "Cultural Hierarchy" as useful, if problematic, interpretive constructs that situate and inform reading practices?

Instruction: please read all the reading material for all 6 lecture below and then answer all 25 questions. Total of 5 pages, not inclue bibliography.

Thank you

1)
WEEK 4 (June 22-28). EXPERIENCE: ONLY AVAILABLE TEACHER
For purposes of this investigation, our own experiences and the experience of others are the richest source of wisdom.
?LECTURE IV: Ehipassiko and Psychedelics ?
READING: ?
Psychedelics and Religious Experience, by Alan Watts ?
? Spiritual & Ritual Use of Psychoactives, from Erowid ? ?
Are Psychedelics Useful in the Practice of Buddhism? ?by Myron J, Stolaroff- Journal of Humanistic Psychology ? ? Leaning Into Rawness, by Trudy Walter ?from Zig Zag Zen (pp. 125-128)
Lecture 4 is available to view at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WfIPvIr8Da8


2)
WEEK 5 (June 29-July 5). MORE ANECDOTAL EVIDENCE
0
Stories from the Road: Buddha Goes to the Amazon ?
LECTURE V: A Truly Individual Philosophical Quest ?
READING: ?
The Ayahuasca Experience, by Jeremy Narby ?excerpted from The Psychotropic Mind: The World according to Ayahuasca, Iboga, and Shamanism ?
? Yag and the Yanas, by Allan Badiner ?from Zig Zag Zen (pp. 135-142) ?
Alex Grey on his Ayahuasca Journey ?
Lecture 5: Buddha Goes to the Amazon: A Truly Individual Quest is now available at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7-JwUgZBdWM

3)
WEEK 6 (July 6-12). CULTURAL CO-EVOLUTION
Birth of a Buddhist-influenced Psychedelic Culture. What do the cultural messages advise? ?
LECTURE VI: Making Choices: Drugs and Dharma
?READING:
? Psychedelic Theophanies and the Religious Life, ?by Huston Smith, Ph.D. ?
? The Agony and Ecstasy of God's Path, Nicholas Saunders ? ?
Confessions of a Counterculture, by Tony V. ? ?
In the Beginning: The Birth of a Psychedelic Culture, ?by John Perry Barlow ?
? A High History of Buddhism, by Rick Fields ?from Zig Zag Zen ?
? The Paisley Gate: The Tantra of Psychedelics, by Erik Davis ?from Zig Zag Zen ?
? A Buddhist-Psychedelic History of Esalen Institute ??" Interview with Michael Murphy and George Leonard, from Zig Zag Zen (pp. 77-83)
? Buddhism and the Psychedelic Society - An Interview with Terence McKenna ?from Zig Zag Zen (pp. 189-192)
Lecture 6 is available to view at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abuO6g11pSE

4)
WEEK 7. (July 13-19) FINDING THE MIDDLE GROUND
Buddhism fails where intolerance reigns. Respectfully critiquing the enthusiasts and the constructionists.
LECTURE VII: To Drop or Not to Drop
?READING: ?
A Mostly negative review of Zig Zag Zen by Geoffrey Redmond, ?
? The Case Against the Spirit World Model of Psychedelic Action, ?by James Kent ? ?
Is Ayahuasca Healing a Self-Delusion? by Robert Tindall ?
? Are We Misunderstanding the Fifth Precept? ? ?
Meditation and Psychedelics, by Vanja Palmers ? ?
Psychedelic Experience and Spiritual Practice: A Buddhist Perspective ??" Interview with Jack Kornfield, by Robert Forte ?from Zig Zag Zen (pp. 51-60)
? On the Front Lines - Interview with Michele McDonald-Smith ?from Zig Zag Zen (pp. 195-199) ?
A Roundtable with Ram Dass, Robert Aitken Roshi, Richard Baker Roshi, and Joan Halifax ?from Zig Zag Zen (pp. 211-225) ?

5)
WEEK 8 (July 20-26). EXPLORING CURRENT VIEWS

What are the most current Buddhist perspectives on psychedelic use? Students survey the teachers. ?
LECTURE VIII: Doing What Your Teachers Did, Not What They Say
?READING: ?
The Cracking Tower, by Jim DeKorne ? ?
Buddhism, Shamanism and the Use of Entheogens, ?by Sean Robsville ?
? The Dharma Drug: Buddhism as a Psychoactive Agent, ?by Renee Reeser Zelnick ? ?
Tripping on the Peace Wheel: Buddhist Principles in Defence of a Psychedelic Culture of Peace, by Damabupuk ?
? Psychedelics and Zen Buddhism, The Search for a Path, ?Podcast by Dale Pendell ? ?
Middle Way Musings on Zig Zag Zen ?
? An Integrally Informed Approach To Psychedelics, by Ken Wilber ?Audio clip ?
Please post your discussion about the readings for this week here.
In the meantime, I'd like to ask all of you to consider having a conversation with your Buddhist teacher, or someone you consider a Buddhist teacher to you, about when or if the use of psychedelics can be compatible with your practice. Please report the results of the conversation in this space as well.
Thanks! ***

6)
WEEK 9 (July 27-August 2). HELP OR HINDRANCE?
Einstein said Buddhism is the religion of the future because it will best cope with scientific needs. Will it deal equally well with advanced psychopharmacology? ?
LECTURE IX: Dharma meets Advanced Neuroscience.
?READING: ?
Mixing Buddhism and Neuroscience to Understand Human Consciousness, by HHDL ? ?
The Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS) ? ?
Hallucinogens Have Doctors Tuning In Again, by John Tierney ?New York Times ?
? DMT Dharma, by Rick Strassman ?from Zig Zag Zen ? ?
Psychedelics on the Path: Help or Hindrance? by Charles T. Tart ?from Zig Zag Zen (pp. 167-173) ? Do We Still Need Psychedelics? by Myron Stolaroff ?from Zig Zag Zen (pp. 201-209)



25 questions

1. According to James Ure, what is the reason the precepts are recommendations and not rules?

2. While it is rare to find Buddhist teachers who take an open stand regarding the use of drugs or alcohol, what are some examples of those who do?

3. What should be considered the primary purpose of the 5th precept?

4. What was the one example of an intoxicant given in the 5th precept?

5. Which Buddhist teacher advocates including certain T.V. programs, magazines, books, films and conversations among the intoxicants to be avoided?

6. Huston Smith pointed out that while psychedelic use is all about altered states, Buddhism is all about what?

7. Why did Albert Einstein say that Buddhism is the religion of the future?

8. Why does the Dalai Lama feel that science and Buddhism are similar?

9. When asked by a neuroscientist what would happen if science came up with information that conflicted with Buddhist philosophy, how did the Dalai Lama answer?

10. What is neuroplasticity?

11. Why is there confidence that the beneficial changes in the brain among meditators ae a result of training the mind?

12. What are the three stages of practice that illustrate the story of Buddhas life?

13. Why would there be a likelihood that Siddhartha used psychoactive plants?

14. What was the Good Friday Experiment?

15. What was the follow up study that was recently reported in the New York Times as a follow up to the Good Friday Experiment?

16. Huston Smith describes the psychedelic movement as antinomian. What does this mean?

17. Who were the three most celebrated members of the Harvard Psilocybin Project?

18. Who said that the most important event in the cultural history of America since the 1860s was the introduction of LSD?

19. Who coined the phrase, Turn on. Tune in. Drop out ?

20. What happened after Lama Govinda met Timothy Leary?

21. What was Chogyam Trungpa Rinpoche's primary objection to marijuana?

22. Why is there reason to believe that Nagarjuna may have taken the amanita mushroom?

23. According to the late Terence McKenna, what is the real difference between Buddhism and psychedelic shamanism?

24. According to Sean Robsville, while psychedelics played a useful role in the past, on what six grounds does he suggest they should be avoided now?

25. Why does Ram Dass still use marijuana?

Title - The Overrepresentation of Minorities in Special Education

The Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to emphasize that race is one of many ways that researchers and practitioners might begin to understand and respond to the complex ways in which the institutional cultures of schooling and the cultural histories and trajectories of students and families collide, are conflated, and often essentialized. Rather than use race as a substitute for all these difficulties, this research will apply a structural theory (internal organization of invisible demands/codes by which the family operates and interact with one another) which provides a framework for understanding the roots of dis-proportionality of minorities and the mechanisms through which disproportionality occurs by locating the basis of racial inequity in the structure of society and racial-ized social systems. This exploratory study will add a current perspective that applies a structural theoretical lens as a means of understanding racial inequity in special education across analytical scales, racial groups, and dis-ability categories. These social subsystems seem to follow a pattern which is dynamic, hierarchical, and socially constructed, resulting in racial ideology (or racism) that influences the behaviors of individuals within the system. There are no universal indicators of inequity and the nature of the relations in any given locale is dependent on the socio-historical context.

NCU Instructions
Introduction
Nature of the Problem (1 paragraph)
Purpose of the Project (1 paragraph)
Research Questions
Background and Significance of the Problem (1-2 pages)
Literature Review must include components
-Review the scholarly writings on your selected topic. Summarize your findings in a literature review containing 25 sources. Remember, for all your work at Northcentral in the School of Education, you will be required to use APA, including reference citations, direct quotes, and the format of the paper.
The literature review should include headers and subheaders to segment sections. The literature review should include a sub-section or component discussing the research methodology or methodologies proposed for use in the project. The definition of terms should be grounded in the literature.

Methodology must include components
Procedures (2-3 pages)
Evaluation Plan (1-2 pages)
Assumptions (1 paragraph)
Limitations (1 paragraph)
Delimitations (1 paragraph)

Methodology - In this section, the student will present the methodology along with an explanation of the appropriateness to address the problem and answer the research question. Common methodologies used include research, evaluation, and development. These methodologies are covered in the introductory research courses in the program. The student must explain the rationale for selecting one methodology and the appropriateness to the situation.

Procedures - Procedures should be outlined in clear, precise, sequential statements about how the project will be conducted. Procedural steps should be very specific and the research question should be addressed by one or more procedures. One successful way of describing procedures is to do the following: (a) relate the procedural step to the research question; (b) state the procedural step; (c) explain the rationale or reason for this step; and finally, (d) describe how this step will be applied.

In addition, the nature of any contemplated data-gathering instruments must be described in detail. Examples of data-gathering instruments include standardized tests, teacher-made tests, questionnaires, interview guides, field study logs, or search probes of major data bases (e.g., census reports, labor statistical reports, or U.S. Department of Education statistical data bases).

Assumptions - An assumption is a concept or condition that must be taken for granted before the project can be valid. One cannot assume that the implementation will solve the problem or make a difference. However, one may assume that the review of literature on which the implementation is based is ?assumed to be both complete and accurate.? Similarly, the data that support the problem are ?assumed to be indicative that the problem exists in the organization.?

General -The primary assumptions used in development methodology relate to validity (internal and external) of the measures or techniques used to collect information and the data in this study. When expert panels are used to establish validity, there is an assumption that the experts are able to perform this task accurately (validate instruments, goals, objectives, etc.) Since your study will be conducted within the context of your environment, it is generally assumed that the results of the study will be valid for that environment (only).

Specific - In order to carry out the specific design components of the study, assumptions are made about the specific procedures used. Try to avoid these pitfalls:

1. Do not assume the product, criteria model, or treatment will be useful ?each of these is a recommendation.
2. Do not assume that the product, criteria model, or treatment is valid and reliable ? this must be assured through procedures.
3. Do not assume that the product, criteria model, or treatment will have implications for changes to the educational practice or the organizational setting ? this must be demonstrated.

Limitations and Delimitations - Limitations are any conditions, restrictions or constraints that may affect the validity or reliability of the project outcomes. A limitation is a weakness or shortcoming in the project that could not be avoided or corrected and is later also acknowledged in the final report. Common limitations include the lack of reliability of measuring instruments, the restriction of the project to a particular organization or setting, the skill of the interviewer, etc. If there are too many limitations, the student should consult with the advisor about how to proceed.

General - Limitations are those things that your product will not do. These are weaknesses in the study that could not be controlled through the procedures. The most common limitation of any development project is whether or not the results can be generalized because the study and the product pertain to a specific environment.

Specific - In every study, the procedures to conduct the study have unique limitations. This is about the limitations of the specific research design you used. NOTE: If an aspect of the project is mentioned as an assumption, this cannot be a limitation.

A delimitation is a planned restriction of the scope of the project or of the depth of inquiry usually made necessary because of the lack of time or resources to do more (e.g., the restriction of the project to a particular organization or program).


There are faxes for this order.

The paper topic is a comparision between of a paing 'Pocahontas by Simon van de Passe' and 'Liberty Displaying the Arts and Science by Samuel Jennings'. A thesis statement should be about how different America is depicted as a woman in the two art works.

The important thing is I can't use any online sources other than than www.huntington.org and www.lacma.org.
If you can find the book "American art, a cultural history by David Bjelajac' you can use the information from the book.

Or if you want me type the info about the art works from the text book, please let me know.

Thank you very much.

I want it to be about why sparta was reluctant to accept other cultures other military tactics and forms of government which could have help them. Please use the following as one of the sources:Ancient Greece A Political, Social, and Cultural History by Pomeroy, Burstein, Donlan And Roberts. Also it has to be Chicago/Turabian Style.

Sources below are not required! Any sources can be used.

Style- Turabian with footnotes

The topic used should be one of the following four suggestions:
TOPIC:
?Despite the prominence of ?the bush? in Australian popular culture, for all of the twentieth century it was in the suburbs that Australians acted out their deepest aspirations, and fought their most troubling fears.? Discuss

OR:
?If the city was the dominant image modernity ? especially between the two world wars ? then it was in the suburbs that Australians most measured themselves, and each other, against its promises.? Discuss


Reading

Bain Attwood and Andrew Markus, ?The 1961 Referendum and all that?,
Australian
Historical Studies, no. 111, 1998, pp.267 ? 88

Bain Attwood and Andrew Markus, ?The Fight for Aboriginal Rights? in
Robert Manne
(ed.), The Australian Century; political struggle and the building
of a nation

Michael Bachelard, The Great Land Grab: what every Australian should know
about
Wik, Mabo and the ten-point plan, ch. 2

Frank Crowley, Tough Times: Australia in the 1970s, ch. 19

Michael Dodson, ?Indigenous culture and native title?, Alternative Law
Journal, vol. 21,
No. 1, 1996, pp. 2-5

Heather Goodall, Invasion to Embassy: land in Aboriginal politics in NSW,
1770-1972,
pts. 5-6

Russell McGregor, ?Protest and Progress: Aboriginal Activism in the
1930s,? Australian
Historical Studies, vol. 25, no. 101, pp. 554-68

Andrew Markus, Blood from a Stone: William Cowper and the Australian
Aborigines
League, pt. 1

Peter Read, ?A double headed coin: protection and assimilation in Yass
1900-1950? in
Bill Gammage and Andrew Markus (eds), All that dirt: aborigines 1938

The Human Rights Commission Bringing Them Home report, and a wide range
of associated materials, are available through the Commission?s website:
www.hreoc.gov.au.

Document: National Document of Reconciliation ? pamphlet produced to
explain the objectives of the Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation.




OR:
What factors account for the emergence of Aboriginal activism and protest in Australia since the 1930s, and explain the changing nature of its objectives, its tactics and its successes?

OR:
Treating the draft ?Declaration for Reconciliation? of 1999 as an historical document, what significance do you see in its language, its aspirations and its silences?



Reading:

C. L. Bachi, ?The nature - nurture debate in Australia 1900-1914?,
Historical Studies, vol
19, no. 25, pp. 199-212

Robin Boyd, Australia?s Home: its origins, builders and occupiers, ch 5-7

Raymond Evans and Kay Saunders, ?No Place Like Home: the evolution of the
Australian Housewife? in Kay Saunders and Raymond Evans, Gender
Relations
In Australia

Robert Freestone, ?Planning, Housing, Gardening? in Patrick Troy (ed.), A
History of
European Housing in Australia

Stephen Garton, ?Sound Minds and Healthy Bodies: reconsidering eugenics
in Australia?,
Australian Historical Studies, vol. 26, no. 103, pp. 163-81

Alan Gilbert, ?The Roots of anti-Suburbanism in Australia? in S. L.
Goldberg F. B. Smith
(eds), Australian Cultural History

Katie Holmes, ?In her Master?s House and Garden? in Patrick Troy (ed.), A
History of
European Housing in Australia

Marilyn Lake, ?Female Desires: the meaning of World War II, Australian
Historical
Studies, vol. 34, no. 95, 1990, pp. 267-84

Stella Lees and June Seynard, The 1950s ? how Australia became a modern
society and
Everyone got a house and a car, ch. 1

Janet McCalman, Journeyings: the biography of a middle class generation

Janet McCalman, Struggletown: portrait of an Australian working class
community, ch.
1, 2, 4

Jill Julius Matthews, Good and Mad Women, ch. 6-7

Mark Peel, ?Making a Place: women in the ?worker?s city??, Australian
Historical
Studies, vol. 26, no. 102, pp. 19-38

Kerreen Reiger, Family Economy

Tim Rowse, ?Heaven and a Hills Hoist: Australian critics of suburbia? in
Gillian
Whitlock and David Carter (eds.), Images of Australia

Kimberly Webber, ?Embracing the New: a tale of two rooms? in Patrick Troy
(ed.),
A History of European Housing in Australia

Documents: from F. K. Crowley (ed.), Modern Australia in Documents, vol.
1, Wren, Melbourne, pp. 579-80; and vol. 2, pp. 268-9.

TITLE: United States Foreign Policy Changes: 1945-1975

FORMAT: 5-page, double spaced, 1-inch margins, 12 point
font. Five paragraph format

INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH

Prior to WWII, american foreign poicy had been predicted upon isolationism. Afterward, determined to avoid the mistakes of the pre-war period, American leaders embarked upon an unprecedented era of world wide commitments. This included entry into a number of alliances with foreign nations, interventions in foreign conflicts (either covertly or overtly)and an unlimited commitemnt to maintain the nation's military readiness. In doing so, they irrevocably changed this nation forever.

SECOND PARAGRAPH

Describe specifics that will support the premise of the argument above, i.e., how did it change the nation irrevocably? How did the Cold War change the way we though bout government, the military, religion, race, gender? How did this happen?

REMAINING PARAGRAPHS

Explain the changes in politics, foreign policy, and social-cultural history. Timeframe 1945-1965

CONCLUSION

Using this chart and the stated differences between U.S. cultural orientations and Contrasting Cultural Orientations imagine you are sending a manager, who has never lived outside the U.S. (Indianapolis, born and bred) to manage people in another English speaking culture. Your new manager has all the assumptions of the U.S. column of cultural orientations. As far as you know, the people in the host country have all the assumptions in the second contrasting column; although there could be some variations in certain assumptions. This page is all you have to work with in deciding what advice to give to your new manager. There will be no other U.S. people there to accomplish the objectives over the planned 5 year term of the project. He has a wife and children coming along with him; they have a similar cultural history.

He and his wife and children can read your advice on the plane if - with the distractions of children and the contingencies of travel - you can synthesize and prioritize your advice in no more than four single spaced paragraphs or just one single-spaced page. He will start work as manager of the plant one month after his arrival; his children will go to the local school within the week after arrival.

You are the CEO of this company. The stockholders have invested 14 million USD in purchasing this plant; the plant had been owned by the government of that country and has only had native management before this; by the way, the plant has never made any profit as this was not the governments objective. Naturally, as CEO, you must have profit from this plant. It is a small plant of 200 technically trained and well educated native workers who for the 10 years of running the plant have never been stressed nor motivated to make a profit.

Wherever possible, include Lecture 1 and Lecture 2 concepts, as well as concepts from the readings; when you do so, underline the concepts.

This challenge has two parts post them in Conference under Study Question #1

One: Make notes to yourself before you write the letter (no more than 3 paragraphs of notes) outlining to yourself your concerns suggested by the Adler chart on p. 23 and any concerns you have from your own experience.

Two: Write a memorandum to Bill about his forthcoming challenge and your advice to him in entering this new culture and taking on this new job - just one page, please.

(I will Fax chart)

THE WRITER Jo Gurley ALREADY USED TO WORK ON THIS PIECE OF WRITING!!!

An essay presented in academic form with referencing and bibliography 1,500 2,000 words in length

Answer the following question:

How is fashion and appearance central to the construction of social identities? Discuss, with reference to specific examples

Your answer should include:
- Reference to key themes, debates and concepts raised in the unit
- Referenced quotations (using Harvard referencing) from at least four academic texts at least two of which should be from the unit reader - to support your argument
- A critical analysis of examples relevant to your degree subject

I WILL ALSO EMAIL YOU A COPY OF MY RESEARCH FILE. THERE YOU WILL SEE OF WHAT THE ESSAY SHOULD BE ABOUT AND PLEASE ALSO INCLUDE THE PICTURES FROM THERE.

LIST OF BOOKS:
Baldwin, E. et al 1999 Introducing Cultural Studies London: Prentice Hall
Useful and relatively accessible introduction to the main themes of cultural studies, does not focus on fashion but offers a valuable overview of many of the key ideas used to study and understand fashion within a cultural studies approach.

Barker, C. 2000 Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice London: Sage
Useful and relatively accessible introduction to the main themes of cultural studies, does not focus on fashion but offers a valuable overview of many of the key ideas used to study and understand fashion within a cultural studies approach.

?Breward, C. 1998 Cultures, Identities, Histories. Fashioning a Cultural Approach to Dress. in Fashion Theory Vol 2 No 4
Invaluable (and short) introduction to Cultural Studies approaches to studying fashion

Breward, C. 2003 Fashion Oxford: Oxford University Press
Invaluable introduction to understanding fashion, introduces many of the key issues that are central to this unit.

Entwistle, J. 2000 The Fashioned Body: Fashion, Dress and Modern Social Theory Cambridge: Polity
Hugely useful overview of many of the issues covered in this unit. Do not be put off by chapter one which is far more complex than those that follow.

?Dant, T. 1999 Wearing it out: Written clothing and Material clothing, in, T. Dant, 1999, Material Culture in the Social World Buckingham: University Press
Clear and very useful discussion of many of the key ideas that underpin this unit.

Finkelstein, J. 1996. After a Fashion Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.
Short, lucid and accessible introduction to many key approaches to understanding fashion.

Storey, J. 1997 An Introduction to Cultural Theory and Popular Culture London: Prentice Hall.
Useful and relatively accessible introduction to the main themes of cultural studies, does not focus on fashion but offers a valuable overview of many of the key ideas used to study and understand fashion within a cultural studies approach.

Strinati, D. 1993 An Introduction to Theories of Popular Culture London: Routledge
Useful and relatively accessible introduction to the main themes of cultural studies, does not focus on fashion but offers a valuable overview of many of the key ideas used to study and understand fashion within a cultural studies approach

Taylor, L. 2002 The Study of Dress History Manchester: Manchester University Press
Overview of approaches to the historical study of clothing.

WEEK 2 The Fashioned Body

Brush Kidwell, C. 1989. Gender Symbols or fashion details in C. Brush Kidwell and V. Steele eds., Men and Women: Dressing the Part Washington: Smithsonian Institute Press
Examines ways in which the fashion industry has repeatedly redesigned the shape of the human body.

Breward, C. 1995. The Culture of Fashion Manchester: Manchester University Press
Social history of fashion from the Medieval period to the present, useful for its attention to situating clothes in their cultural context.

Curry, D. 1993. Decorating the body politic New Formations 19
Why body modification - in the forms of piercing and tattooing - is experienced by many as a political act.

Davis, K 1995 Reshaping the Female Body: The Dilemma of Cosmetic Surgery New York: Routledge
Engrossing study of cosmetic surgery.

Gilman, S. 1999 Making the Body Beautiful: A Cultural History of Aesthetic Surgery Princeton: Princeton University Press
Self explanatory title particular fascinating in its global and historical perspective.

Hall, S. 1992 The Question of Cultural Identity, in S. Hall et al (eds). Modernity and its Futures Cambridge: Polity
Not fashion focused but a very useful overview of ways of understanding identity

?Macdonald, M. 1995. Refashioning the Body. in Representing Women: Myths of Femininity in the Popular Media London: Edward Arnold
Short discussion of the relationship of women to fashion and the feminine ideals circulated by fashion.

MacKendrick, K. 1998. Technoflesh or, Didnt that hurt? Fashion Theory 2 (1)
Cogent theorisation of body modification - in the forms of piercing and tattooing etc

Steele, V. 2001, The Corset: A Cultural History New Haven and London: Yale University Press
Self explanatory title - highly readable and beautifully illustrated.

Steele, V. 1999 The corset: fashion and eroticism, Fashion Theory 3 (4)
Examination of how the corset was implicated in nineteenth century conceptions of female erotic beauty.

Steele, V. 1989. Appearance and identity in C. Brush Kidwell and V. Steele eds., Men and Women: Dressing the Part Washington: Smithsonian Institute Press
Explores the way in which appearance is linked to the concept of identity with particular reference to historical conceptions of gender and power.

Summers, L. 2001. Bound to Please: a History of the Victorian Corset Oxford: Berg
Detailed historical analysis of the corset in the Victorian period.

Thesander, M. 1997. The Feminine Ideal London: Reaktion Books
Changing ideals of the female body situated in historical and cultural context.

WEEK 3 The Great Masculine Renunciation?

Chenoune, F. 1993. A History of Mens Fashion Paris: Flammarion
Exactly what it says on the tin - highly engaging and lavishly illustrated.

?Craik, J. 1994. Fashioning masculinity in J. Craik The Face of Fashion London: Routledge
The fall and rise of male fashion.

Gottdiener, M. 1995. Unisex fashions and gender role change in Postmodern Semiotics Oxford: Blackwell
Exploration of the social processes governing clothing and gender roles and the uneasy development of unisex styles.

Hollander, A. 1994 Sex and Suits New York: Kodansha International
Historical study of the relationship between tailoring and gender, contains material relevant to many aspects of this unit

Steele, V. 1989. Clothing and sexuality in C. Brush Kidwell and V. Steele eds., Men and Women: Dressing the Part Washington: Smithsonian Institute Press
Addresses, as the title suggests, the relationship between clothing and sexuality offering a useful commentary on how we do, or do not, dress to be sexually attractive.

Vinken, B. 1999. Transvesty - travesty: fashion and gender in Fashion Theory 3 (1)
Explores the historical relationship between clothing and the performance of gendered identity.

WEEK 4 The Great Masculine Renunciation? - Renounced?

Ash, J. 1989. Tarting up men: menswear and gender dynamics in J. Attfield and P. Kirkham eds., A View from the Interior: Feminism, Women and Design London: Womens Press
The menswear revolution of the mid 1980s.

?Barker, C. 2000. Youth, style and resistance, in, C. Barker, Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice London: Sage
Very useful overview of approaches to understanding youth subcultures.

Breward, C. 1999. Renouncing consumption: men, fashion and luxury, 1870 1914 in A. de la Haye and E. Wilson eds. Defining Dress: Dress as Object, Meaning and Identity Manchester: Manchester University Press
Short essay which explores the specificity of changing male fashion conventions in the period following the great masculine renunciation.

Cole, S. 2000. Macho Man: Clones and the development of a masculne stereotype Fashion Theory 4 (2)
The development of macho gay male fashion and its influence on mainstream straight male fashions.

Edwards, T. 1997. Men in the Mirror: Mens Fashion, Masculinity and Consumer Society. London: Cassell
Useful study of contemporary male fashion in relation to debates around identity and consumer society.

Gelder, K. and Thornton, S. eds. 1997. The Subcultures Reader London: Routledge
Collection of extracts, with helpful commentary from the editors, which explore the question of subculture from a range of differing theoretical and historical perspectives.

Hebdige, D. 1979. Subculture: The Meaning of Style London: Methuen
A very influential book that conceives of youth subcultures as authentic forms of resistance to dominant culture. Now the subject of considerable debate - are subcultures still like this? Were they ever? What is authenticity anyway? etc, etc.

Jobling, P. 1999. Statue men: the phallic body, identity and ambiguity in fashion photography in P. Jobling Fashion Spreads: Word and Image in Fashion Photography Since 1980 Oxford: Berg
Sophisticated discussion of the representation of the male body in contemporary fashion photography.

Malossi, G. ed. 2000. Material Man: Masculinity, Sexuality, Style New York: Abrams
Collection of short accessible and sumptuously illustrated essays exploring fashion and masculine identity.

McRobbie, A. 1981. Settling accounts with subcultures: a feminist critique in T. Bennett et al eds. Culture, Ideology and Social Process London: Batsford
Critical of Hebdige above. Why when men dress up are they theorised as authentic rebels given that when women do the same they are often considered exploited bimbos? etc.

Mort, F. 1996 Cultures of Consumption London: Routledge
Epic study of the changing role of consumption in the performance of masculinity, paying particular attention to issues of fashion.

Nixon, S. 1996. Hard Looks: Masculinities, Spectatorship and Contemporary Consumption London: UCL Press
In-depth analysis of the increasing centrality of fashion consumption in the construction of male identities.

Nixon, S. 1997. Exhibiting masculinity in S. Hall ed. Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices London: Sage
Theorises male gender identity as cultural construction with particular reference to fashion and the new man.

Nixon, S. 2001 Resignifying Masculinity: From New Man to New Lad, in, D. Morley and K. Robins (eds). British Cultural Studies Oxford: Oxford University Press
Short and accessible discussion of changing representations of masculinity in the style press.

Pumphrey, M. 1989. Why do cowboys wear hats in the bath? Style politics for the older man Critical Quarterly 31 (3)
Useful discussion of changes in male fashion. Examines, among other things, why the displayed male body has so frequently been conceived of as a homoerotic object and asks if this is changing?

Thornton, S. 1995. Club Cultures: Music, Media and Subcultural Capital Oxford: Polity
Detailed study of nineties youth subcultures exploring their relationship to various forms of media and how they are used by their participants.

Week 6 Representing fashion

Arnold, R. 2001 Fashion, Desire and Anxiety: Image and Morality in the 20th Century London: I. B. Tauris
Accessible discussion of fashion trends and photography, focusing, as the title suggests, on issues of desire and anxiety. Notable in its detailed attention to specific examples and cultural context.

Berger, J. 1972 Ways of Seeing London: Penguin
Clear and lively account of the gender imbalance of gaze in relation to both fashion advertisements and fine art nudes

?Branston, G. and Stafford, R. 1999 Representations, in The Media Students Book. London: Routledge.

Breward, C. Fashion on the Page, in Welters, L. and Lillethun, A. (eds) 2007 The Fashion Reader. Oxford: Berg.
A short accessible excerpt that outline the representation of fashion in magazines from the early 19th century to Dazed and Confused.

Buckley, C. and H. Fawcett. 2002. Fashioning the Feminine: Representation and Womens Fashion from the Fin de Siecle to the Present I. B. Tauris
Explores the ambiguous sexual politics of fashion in a number of twentieth century historical contexts - chapter 5 - which explores young womens fashion in contemporary Newcastle - is particularly relevant.

Hall, S. 1997 The Work of Representation. in, S. Hall (ed) Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices London: Sage
Almost certain to do your head in on first reading but a very valuable introduction to ways of understanding representation and its full significance.

Hall-Duncan, N. (1979) The History of Fashion Photography. New York: Alpine Book Company.
Clear illustrated comprehensive history of fashion photography.

Mulvey , L. 1989 Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema, in Visual and Other Pleasures. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Mulveys seminal essay on the gaze and a template for any analysis of the representation of women in conventional narrative

?Sturken, M. and Cartwright, L 2001 Spectatorship, Power and Knowledge, in Practices of Looking. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Excellent wide ranging discussion of spectatorship

Tseelon, E. 2000 Women and the Gaze, in, D. Fleming (ed). Formations: a 21st Century Media Studies Textbook Manchester: Manchester University Press
Focused on film and not the most accessible text listed here but a usefully critical introduction to a key concept in the study of fashion and gender.

Tudor, A. 1999 Decoding Culture. London: Sage
Clear critical discussion of theories of active readership.

Wallerstein, K . 1998. Thinness and other refusals in contemporary fashion advertisements Fashion Theory 2 (2)
Like Jobling above offers interesting discussion of recurring themes in contemporary fashion advertising, addressing obvious issues - anorexia, heroin and pornography - without coming to obvious conclusions.

Week 7 Consuming fashion

Abbott, P. and Sapsford, F. 2001 Young Women and Their Wardrobes, in, A. Guy et al (eds). Through the Wardrobe: Womens Relationship to Their Clothes Oxford: Berg
Short and accessible study of the place of fashion in young womens lives and the influences on their purchasing decisions

Beckingham, C. 2005 Is Fashion a Womans Right? Brighton: Sussex Academic Press
Very useful discussion of the relationship between feminist values and fashion in both historical and contemporary contexts, concluding that it is a potential source of joy.

Church Gibson, P. 2000 Redressing the Balance: Patriarchy, Postmodernism and Feminism, in S. Bruzzi and P. Church Gibson Fashion Cultures: Theories, Explorations and Analysis London: Routledge
Discussion of the shifting, and often ambivalent, feminist view of fashion.

Evans, C. and Thornton, M. 1989. Feminism, fashion, femininity in C. Evans and M Thornton Women and Fashion: A New Look London: Quartet
Useful overview of the feminist rejection of fashion.

Foote, S. 1989. Challenging gender symbols in C. Brush Kidwell and V. Steele, eds., Men and Women: Dressing the Part Washington: Smithsonian Institute Press
Study of C19 outrage at women wearing trousers and C20 discomfort at men with long hair.

Jeffreys, S. 2005. Beauty and Misogyny: Harmful Cultural Practices in the West London: Routledge
Radical and angry critique of both, a range of contemporary western beauty practices, and, feminist approaches to fashion which foreground issues of choice, pleasure and creativity. Chapter one explores the diversity of feminist approaches to fashion and beauty; subsequent chapters explore these issues in relationship to specific practices including fashion design and make up.

Jobling, P. 1998. Whos that girl? Fashion Theory 2 (3)
Like Wallerstein below offers interesting discussion of recurring themes in contemporary fashion advertising, addressing obvious issues - anorexia, heroin and pornography - without coming to obvious conclusions.

Kunzle, D. 1982. Thecampaign of the humorists in, D. Kunzle Fashion and Fetishism Totowa, New Jersey: Rowman and Littlefield
Argues that C19 tightlacing techniques far from being necessarily oppressive of women allowed them to feel sexual - in transgression of the gender norms of the time - and were widely condemned by those hostile to the suffragette movement.

Lewis, R. and K. Rolley 1997. (Ad)dressing the Dyke: Lesbian looks and lesbians looking in, M. Nava et al eds. Buy this Book: Studies in Advertising and Consumption. London: Routledge
Lesbian visual pleasure and female fashion magazines.

McRobbie, A. 1997. Bridging the gap: feminism, fashion and consumption in Feminist Review 55
Examines the way in which many women are financially excluded from fashion consumption and exploited in its production.

?Miles, S. 1998. Consuming fashion in S. Miles Consumerism as a Way of Life London: Sage
Very useful short overview of some of the key approaches to fashion consumption.

Miller, J. 2002. Beauty and Democratic Power, in Fashion Theory 6 (3)
Short, useful, discussion of the politics of beauty and sexy dressing.

Tickner, L. 1977. Women and trousers in Leisure in the Twentieth Century: Fourteen Papers given at the Second Conference on Twentieth Century Design History London: Design Council Publications
How trousers ceased to be an emblem of masculinity

Rouse, E. 1989. Understanding Fashion Oxford: Blackwell (Chapters 5-10)
Useful social history of womens fashion from the Victorian period to the eighties.

Wilson, E. 1985. Utopian dress and dress reform and Feminism and fashion both in E. Wilson Adorned in Dreams: Fashion and Modernity London: Virago
Brief history of C19 attempts to abolish fashion and rejection of the feminist critique of fashion.

Wilson, E. and Taylor, L. 1989. Down with frou frou in E. Wilson and L. Taylor Through the Looking Glass. London: BBC Books
The C19 abandonment of corsets and the tentative emergence of women in trousers.

Wright, E. 1989. Objectifying gender: the stiletto heel in J. Attfield and P. Kirkham eds., A View from the Interior: Feminism, Women and Design London: Womens Press
The ambiguous sexual politics of the stiletto heel.

WEEK 9 Producing fashion

Craik, J. 1994. The Face of Fashion: Cultural Studies in Fashion London: Routledge
Multi-perspectival study of fashion, focusing on questions of gender; sceptical of assertions that fashion is - per se - exploitative.

Entwistle, J 2000 The Fashion Industry, in The Fashioned Body. Cambridge: Polity.
Accessible overview of many issues related to fashion production.

Green, N. 1997 The Sweatshop as Workplace and Metaphor, in N. Green Ready to Wear and Ready to Work London: Duke University Press
Excellent historical discussion of the persistence of the sweat shop in the fashion industry.

Ewing, E. (2001) History of 20th century Fashion. London: Batsford.
Accessible history of British fashion and the British fashion industry

Fashion victims. The True Cost of Cheap Clothes at Primark, Asda and Tesco. 2006. London, War on Want.

Klein, N. 2000 No Logo. London: Flamingo.
Influential and highly readable text on the forces of globalization and more specifically as impacting practices in the field of production of fashion.

Nixon, S. 1997. Circulating Culture, in Du Gay ed. Production of Culture/Cultures of Production. London: Sage.
Not fashion focused but a useful analysis of how advertising adds cultural meanings to goods.

Phizacklea, A. 1990 Unpacking the Fashion Industry: Gender, Racism and Class in Production London: Routledge
Detailed analysis of sweated labour in fashion production, also worth reading for the insight it offers into the industrial structure of British fashion production.

Ross, A. ed. 1997. No Sweat: Fashion, Free Trade and the Rights of Garment Workers London: Verso
Highly accessible and wide ranging collection examining the use of sweated labour in fashion production.

?Rouse, E. 1989. Fashion for all, in Understanding Fashion Oxford: Blackwell (Chapter 11)
The production of the mass market for fashion.

Wilson, E. (2003) The Fashion Industry, in Wilson Adorned in Dreams. London: Virago
Short, useful overview of the historical development of the fashion industry

Week 10 Globalisation, nation and ethnicity

Crewe, L. and Goodrum, A. (2000) Fashioning New Forms of Consumption, in Bruzzi, S. and Church Gibson, P. (eds) Fashion Cultures. London: Routledge.

Crewe, L. and Lowe, M. 1996 United Colours? Globalization and localization tendencies in Fashion Retailing, in N. Wrigley and M. Lowe (eds). Retailing, Consumption and Capital: Towards the New Retail Geography Harlow: Longman
Useful introduction to issues of globalization (and localisation) in the fashion industry.

Eicher, J. E. and Sumberg, E. (1995) World Fashion, Ethnic and National Dress, in J.B. Eicher (ed.) Dress and Ethnicity. Oxford: Berg.
Very short, very clear, discussion of the terms in the title, clarifying the significant differences between these.

Dickerson, K.G. (1999) Textiles and Apparel in the Global Economy. Upper Saddle
River: Prentice-Hall.
Detailed study of the global textile and apparel industry.

Goodrun, A. (2005) The National Fabric: Fashion, Britishness, Globalization. Oxford: Berg.
Useful study of the specificity of British dresss in the context of globalisation.

Kondo, D. 1995 The Aesthetics and Politics of Japanese Identity in the Fashion Industry, in Roach-Higgins et al. (eds) Dress and Identity. New York: Fairchild.

Kondo, D. 1997 About Face. London: Routledge
Both of the above have interesting discussions of the links between Japanese identity, culture and fashion in the context of globalisation.

Lury, C. (2004) Brands: The Logos of the Global Economy. London: Routledge.
?Maynard, M. 2004 Theorising Global Dress, in Dress and Globalisation. Manchester University Press.
The entire book is an invaluable and accessible overview of fashion and globalisation, this chapter provides a clear introduction.

Nakagawa, S and Rosovsky, H/ 1995 The Case of the Dying Kimono, in Roach-Higgins et al. (eds) Dress and Identity. New York: Fairchild

Niessen, S. et al. (eds) 2003 Re-Orienting Fashion. Oxford: Berg.
Wide ranging collection of essays exploring the globalisation of Asian Dress.

Rabine, L. (2002) The Global Circulation of African Fashion. Oxford: Berg
Stimulating discussion of the flow of fashion commodities in the global economy.

Robertson, R. (1998) Globalization. London: Sage
Influential theory of globalization.

Skoggard, I (1998) Transnational Commodity Flows and the Global Phenomenon of the Brand in Brydon, A. and Niessen, S. (1998) eds Consuming Fashion. Oxford: Berg.

Taylor, L. 2000 The Hilfiger Factor and the Flexible Commercial World of Couture, in, N. White and I. Griffiths The Fashion Business: Theory, Practice, Image Oxford: Berg
The reorganisation of the couture industry in the face of the rise of the global fashion brand.

Waters, M. (1996) Globalization. London: Routledge.
Discussion of the key debates on globalization.

WEEK 11 Haute couture vs. mass fashion


?Braham, P. 1997. Fashion: unpacking a cultural production in du Gay, P. ed. Production of Culture/Cultures of Production London: Sage
Invaluable study of the production and consumption of clothing commodities.

Crane, D. 2000 Fashion Worlds and Global Markets: From Class to Consumer Fashion, in D. Crane Fashion and its Social Agendas: Class Gender and Identity in Clothing Chicago: Chicago University Press
The increasing diversification and complexity of fashion and its role in lifestyle and identity.

Davis, F. 1992. Fashion as cycle, fashion as process. Stages of the fashion process in F. Davies Fashion, Culture and Identity Chicago: University of Chicago Press
How do clothes become, and cease to be, fashionable?

de Marly, D. (1980) Worth: Father of Haute Couture. London: Elm Tree Books.
Lively and engaging biography of Worth and the birth of Paris haute couture.

Evans. C. 197. Dreams that only money can buy... or, the shy tribe in flight from discourse Fashion Theory 1 (2)
Highly recommended overview of debates around youth subcultures and the specificity of these in the 1990s.

Evans, C. 1997. Street Style, Subculture and Subversion. in Costume Vol 31 pp 105-110
Short, useful, discussion of the changing nature of subculture, with particular reference to rave culture.

Fine, B. and Leopold, E. 1993. Systems of provision in food and clothing in B. Fine and E. Leopold The World of Consumption London: Routledge
Economic history of the production and marketing of fashion.

Godley, A. 1996 The Emergence of Mass Production in the U.K. Clothing Industry, in I. M. Taplin and J. Winterton Restructuring Within a Labour Intensive Industry: The UK Clothing Industry in Transition Aldershot: Avebury
Short and straightforward account of the emergence of mass production in the manufacture of clothes at the end of the 19th century

Leopold, E. 1992. The manufacture of the fashion system in J. Ash and E. Wilson eds., Chic Thrills London: Pandora
The development of mass market fashion production.

Lipovetsky, G. 1994. The enchantment of appearances in G. Lipovetsky The Empire of Fashion Princeton: Princeton University Press
Detailed history of fashion moving from its emergence in C14 through to the decline of the influence of haute couture and the pluralism of today.

Tarrant, N. 1994. Ready made clothes in N. Tarrant The Development of Costume London: Routledge
Straightforward narrative history of the development of the ready made clothing sector.

Wark, M. 1991. Fashioning the future: fashion, clothing, and the manufacture of post fordist culture in Cultural Studies 5 (1)
The reorganisation of fashion production and markets - away from mass production and towards a more flexible consumer led mode.

Wark, M. 1997. Fashion as a culture industry in A. Ross. ed. No Sweat: Fashion, Free Trade and the Rights of Garment Workers London: Verso
Flexible specialisation in the global fashion industry.

Wilson, E. 1985. The Fashion Industry in E. Wilson Adorned in Dreams: Fashion and Modernity London: Virago
Short, useful, overview of the historical development of the fashion industry

Wilson, E. and Taylor, L. 1989. Style for all. 1960-1990 in E. Wilson and L. Taylor Through the Looking Glass London: BBC Books
The shift from the look to looks.

WEEK 12 and 13 Postmodernism

Appignanesi, R. and Garrett, C. 1999. Introducing Postmodernism Cambridge: Icon
Part of the famous Introducing comic book series: witty, comprehensive and very readable

Barnard, M. 1996. Fashion, Clothing and Postmodernity, in M. Barnard Fashion as Communication London: Routledge
Short examination of aspects of postmodernism in relation to fashion.

Berthens, H. 1995. The Idea of the Postmodern: A History London: Routledge
Admirably clear account of the issues, movements and events associated with the term.

Kaiser, S. 1999. Identity, postmodernity, and the global apparel marketplace in M. Damhorst, K. Miller, and S. Michelman (eds). The Meanings of Dress New York: Fairchild.
Short discussion of the relationship between fashion choices and identity in the context of postmodernism and globalisation.

?Kratz, C. and Reimer, B. 1998 Fashion in the Face of Postmodernity, in A. A. Berger (ed) The Postmodern Presence: Readings on Postmodernism in American Culture and Society Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press
Useful and accessible introduction to the manner in which postmodernism has impacted on fashion and the role that fashion plays in our lives

Muggleton, D. 2000 Inside Subculture: The Postmodern Meaning of Style Oxford: Berg
Subcultures reconsidered in the light of postmodernism.

Wilson, E. 1990. These new components of the spectacle: fashion and postmodernism in R. Boyne and A. Rattansi eds. Postmodernism and Society London: Macmillan
What light do theories of fashion and postmodernism shed on each other?

?Wilson, E. 1992. Fashion and the postmodern body in J. Ash and E. Wilson eds., Chic Thrills London: Pandora
Situates fashion in debates around postmodernism and argues it is one of those practices through which we perform our selves.


There are faxes for this order.

How is fashion and appearance central to the construction of social identities? Discuss, with reference to specific examples

Research file
Your research file should contain the following elements:

1. An essay plan maximum length: two sides of A4 (excluding bibliography)
This should outline the key themes and specific aspects of social identity you are discussing in relation to the question and include:
- Four fully referenced quotations (using Harvard referencing) at least two of which should be from the unit reader - and a bibliography
- A collection of images (maximum 3) which you will analyse in your essay; these images should be relevant to your degree subject

2. A Piece of Reflective writing
This should be approximately 500 words long and outline your reaction to the intellectual content of the unit thus far. It should also engage with how and why you have decided to study your specific essay topic.


Please use some of the books below:

A. Bennet "Fashion"

J. Craik "Fashioning Masculinity"

T. Dant " Wearing it out: Written Clothing and Material Clothing"
WEEK 1 Cultural Studies
LIBRARY
HOLDINGS
Baldwin, E. et al 1999 Introducing Cultural Studies London: Prentice Hall
Useful and relatively accessible introduction to the main themes of cultural studies, does not focus on fashion but offers a valuable overview of many of the key ideas used to study and understand fashion within a cultural studies approach.
306 INT

Barker, C. 2000 Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice London: Sage
Useful and relatively accessible introduction to the main themes of cultural studies, does not focus on fashion but offers a valuable overview of many of the key ideas used to study and understand fashion within a cultural studies approach.
306 BAR

?Breward, C. 1998 Cultures, Identities, Histories. Fashioning a Cultural Approach to Dress. in Fashion Theory Vol 2 No 4
Invaluable (and short) introduction to Cultural Studies approaches to studying fashion

Breward, C. 2003 Fashion Oxford: Oxford University Press
Invaluable introduction to understanding fashion, introduces many of the key issues that are central to this unit.

Entwistle, J. 2000 The Fashioned Body: Fashion, Dress and Modern Social Theory Cambridge: Polity
Hugely useful overview of many of the issues covered in this unit. Do not be put off by chapter one which is far more complex than those that follow.

?Dant, T. 1999 Wearing it out: Written clothing and Material clothing, in, T. Dant, 1999, Material Culture in the Social World Buckingham: University Press
Clear and very useful discussion of many of the key ideas that underpin this unit.
BOUND
PERIODICALS




391.09 BRE



391 ENT




306 DAN
Finkelstein, J. 1996. After a Fashion Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.
Short, lucid and accessible introduction to many key approaches to understanding fashion.
391.0301 FIN
REFERENCE
ONLY
Storey, J. 1997 An Introduction to Cultural Theory and Popular Culture London: Prentice Hall.
Useful and relatively accessible introduction to the main themes of cultural studies, does not focus on fashion but offers a valuable overview of many of the key ideas used to study and understand fashion within a cultural studies approach.




306 STO

Strinati, D. 1993 An Introduction to Theories of Popular Culture London: Routledge
Useful and relatively accessible introduction to the main themes of cultural studies, does not focus on fashion but offers a valuable overview of many of the key ideas used to study and understand fashion within a cultural studies approach
306 STR

Taylor, L. 2002 The Study of Dress History Manchester: Manchester University Press
Overview of approaches to the historical study of clothing.
391.42 TAY
WEEK 2 The Fashioned Body
LIBRARY
HOLDINGS
Brush Kidwell, C. 1989. Gender Symbols or fashion details in C. Brush Kidwell and V. Steele eds., Men and Women: Dressing the Part Washington: Smithsonian Institute Press
Examines ways in which the fashion industry has repeatedly redesigned the shape of the human body.

391.0301 KID
Breward, C. 1995. The Culture of Fashion Manchester: Manchester University Press
Social history of fashion from the Medieval period to the present, useful for its attention to situating clothes in their cultural context.

391.0301 BRE


Curry, D. 1993. Decorating the body politic New Formations 19
Why body modification - in the forms of piercing and tattooing - is experienced by many as a political act.
COPYRIGHT
FILE NO 169
Davis, K 1995 Reshaping the Female Body: The Dilemma of Cosmetic Surgery New York: Routledge
Engrossing study of cosmetic surgery.

Gilman, S. 1999 Making the Body Beautiful: A Cultural History of Aesthetic Surgery Princeton: Princeton University Press
Self explanatory title particular fascinating in its global and historical perspective.
617.95 DAV



617.9 GIL

Hall, S. 1992 The Question of Cultural Identity, in S. Hall et al (eds). Modernity and its Futures Cambridge: Polity
Not fashion focused but a very useful overview of ways of understanding identity
301 HAL
?Macdonald, M. 1995. Refashioning the Body. in Representing Women: Myths of Femininity in the Popular Media London: Edward Arnold
Short discussion of the relationship of women to fashion and the feminine ideals circulated by fashion.
305.4MAC
MacKendrick, K. 1998. Technoflesh or, Didnt that hurt? Fashion Theory 2 (1)
Cogent theorisation of body modification - in the forms of piercing and tattooing etc
BOUND
PERIODICALS
Steele, V. 2001, The Corset: A Cultural History New Haven and London: Yale University Press
Self explanatory title - highly readable and beautifully illustrated.
391.42 STE
Steele, V. 1999 The corset: fashion and eroticism, Fashion Theory 3 (4)
Examination of how the corset was implicated in nineteenth century conceptions of female erotic beauty.
BOUND
PERIODICALS
Steele, V. 1989. Appearance and identity in C. Brush Kidwell and V. Steele eds., Men and Women: Dressing the Part Washington: Smithsonian Institute Press
Explores the way in which appearance is linked to the concept of identity with particular reference to historical conceptions of gender and power.
391.0301 KID
Summers, L. 2001. Bound to Please: a History of the Victorian Corset Oxford: Berg
Detailed historical analysis of the corset in the Victorian period.
391.42 SUM
Thesander, M. 1997. The Feminine Ideal London: Reaktion Books
Changing ideals of the female body situated in historical and cultural context.
391.0301 THE
WEEK 3 The Great Masculine Renunciation?
LIBRARY
HOLDINGS
Chenoune, F. 1993. A History of Mens Fashion Paris: Flammarion
Exactly what it says on the tin - highly engaging and lavishly illustrated.

391.1 CHE
?Craik, J. 1994. Fashioning masculinity in J. Craik The Face of Fashion London: Routledge
The fall and rise of male fashion.
391.0301
CRA
Gottdiener, M. 1995. Unisex fashions and gender role change in Postmodern Semiotics Oxford: Blackwell
Exploration of the social processes governing clothing and gender roles and the uneasy development of unisex styles.
302.2 GOT
Hollander, A. 1994 Sex and Suits New York: Kodansha International
Historical study of the relationship between tailoring and gender, contains material relevant to many aspects of this unit
391.0301
HOL
Steele, V. 1989. Clothing and sexuality in C. Brush Kidwell and V. Steele eds., Men and Women: Dressing the Part Washington: Smithsonian Institute Press
Addresses, as the title suggests, the relationship between clothing and sexuality offering a useful commentary on how we do, or do not, dress to be sexually attractive.
391.0301 KID
Vinken, B. 1999. Transvesty - travesty: fashion and gender in Fashion Theory 3 (1)
Explores the historical relationship between clothing and the performance of gendered identity.
BOUND
PERIODICALS
WEEK 4 The Great Masculine Renunciation? - Renounced?
LIBRARY
HOLDINGS
Ash, J. 1989. Tartng up men: menswear and gender dynamics in J. Attfield and P. Kirkham eds., A View from the Interior: Feminism, Women and Design London: Womens Press
The menswear revolution of the mid 1980s.

?Barker, C. 2000. Youth, style and resistance, in, C. Barker, Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice London: Sage
Very useful overview of approaches to understanding youth subcultures.
745.4 ATT




306 BAR
Breward, C. 1999. Renouncing consumption: men, fashion and luxury, 1870 1914 in A. de la Haye and E. Wilson eds. Defining Dress: Dress as Object, Meaning and Identity Manchester: Manchester University Press
Short essay which explores the specificity of changing male fashion conventions in the period following the great masculine renunciation.
391.0301
DEF
Cole, S. 2000. Macho Man: Clones and the development of a masculine stereotype Fashion Theory 4 (2)
The development of macho gay male fashion and its influence on mainstream straight male fashions.
BOUND
PERIODICALS
Edwards, T. 1997. Men in the Mirror: Mens Fashion, Masculinity and Consumer Society. London: Cassell
Useful study of contemporary male fashion in relation to debates around identity and consumer society.
305.31 EDW
Gelder, K. and Thornton, S. eds. 1997. The Subcultures Reader London: Routledge
Collection of extracts, with helpful commentary from the editors, which explore the question of subculture from a range of differing theoretical and historical perspectives.
306.1 GEL
Hebdige, D. 1979. Subculture: The Meaning of Style London: Methuen
A very influential book that conceives of youth subcultures as authentic forms of resistance to dominant culture. Now the subject of considerable debate - are subcultures still like this? Were they ever? What is authenticity anyway? etc, etc.
306.1HEB
Jobling, P. 1999. Statue men: the phallic body, identity and ambiguity in fashion photography in P. Jobling Fashion Spreads: Word and Image in Fashion Photography Since 1980 Oxford: Berg
Sophisticated discussion of the representation of the male body in contemporary fashion photography.
391.0301
JOB
Malossi, G. ed. 2000. Material Man: Masculinity, Sexuality, Style New York: Abrams
Collection of short accessible and sumptuously illustrated essays exploring fashion and masculine identity.


391.1 MAL
McRobbie, A. 1981. Settling accounts with subcultures: a feminist critique in T. Bennett et al eds. Culture, Ideology and Social Process London: Batsford
Critical of Hebdige above. Why when men dress up are they theorised as authentic rebels given that when women do the same they are often considered exploited bimbos? etc.
Copyright File
No 149.
Mort, F. 1996 Cultures of Consumption London: Routledge
Epic study of the changing role of consumption in the performance of masculinity, paying particular attention to issues of fashion.
306.3 MOR
Nixon, S. 1996. Hard Looks: Masculinities, Spectatorship and Contemporary Consumption London: UCL Press
In-depth analysis of the increasing centrality of fashion consumption in the construction of male identities.
305.31 NIX
Nixon, S. 1997. Exhibiting masculinity in S. Hall ed. Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices London: Sage
Theorises male gender identity as cultural construction with particular reference to fashion and the new man.
306 HAL
Nixon, S. 2001 Resignifying Masculinity: From New Man to New Lad, in, D. Morley and K. Robins (eds). British Cultural Studies Oxford: Oxford University Press
Short and accessible discussion of changing representations of masculinity in the style press.
306.0941
MOR
Pumphrey, M. 1989. Why do cowboys wear hats in the bath? Style politics for the older man Critical Quarterly 31 (3)
Useful discussion of changes in male fashion. Examines, among other things, why the displayed male body has so frequently been conceived of as a homoerotic object and asks if this is changing?
COPYRIGHT
FILE NO 148
Thornton, S. 1995. Club Cultures: Music, Media and Subcultural Capital Oxford: Polity
Detailed study of nineties youth subcultures exploring their relationship to various forms of media and how they are used by their participants.
306.484
THO
Week 6 Representing fashion

Arnold, R. 2001 Fashion, Desire and Anxiety: Image and Morality in the 20th Century London: I. B. Tauris
Accessible discussion of fashion trends and photography, focusing, as the title suggests, on issues of desire and anxiety. Notable in its detailed attention to specific examples and cultural context.
391.0301
ARN
Berger, J. 1972 Ways of Seeing London: Penguin
Clear and lively account of the gender imbalance of gaze in relation to both fashion advertisements and fine art nudes
701. BER
?Branston, G. and Stafford, R. 1999 Representations, in The Media Students Book. London: Routledge.

Breward, C. Fashion on the Page, in Welters, L. and Lillethun, A. (eds) 2007 The Fashion Reader. Oxford: Berg.
A short accessible excerpt that outline the representation of fashion in magazines from the early 19th century to Dazed and Confused.
391 WEL
Buckley, C. and H. Fawcett. 2002. Fashioning the Feminine: Representation and Womens Fashion from the Fin de Siecle to the Present I. B. Tauris
Explores the ambiguous sexual politics of fashion in a number of twentieth century historical contexts - chapter 5 - which explores young womens fashion in contemporary Newcastle - is particularly relevant.
391.0301
BUC

Hall, S. 1997 The Work of Representation. in, S. Hall (ed) Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices London: Sage
Almost certain to do your head in on first reading but a very valuable introduction to ways of understanding representation and its full significance.
306 HAL
Hall-Duncan, N. (1979) The History of Fashion Photography. New York: Alpine Book Company.
Clear illustrated comprehensive history of fashion photography.


Mulvey , L. 1989 Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema, in Visual and Other Pleasures. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Mulveys seminal essay on the gaze and a template for any analysis of the representation of women in conventional narrative
305.4 MUL
?Sturken, M. and Cartwright, L 2001 Spectatorship, Power and Knowledge, in Practices of Looking. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Excellent wide ranging discussion of spectatorship

Tseelon, E. 2000 Women and the Gaze, in, D. Fleming (ed). Formations: a 21st Century Media Studies Textbook Manchester: Manchester University Press
Focused on film and not the most accessible text listed here but a usefully critical introduction to a key concept in the study of fashion and gender.
302.23 FLE
Tudor, A. 1999 Decoding Culture. London: Sage
Clear critical discussion of theories of active readership.
306 TUD
Wallerstein, K . 1998. Thinness and other refusals in contemporary fashion advertisements Fashion Theory 2 (2)
Like Jobling above offers interesting discussion of recurring themes in contemporary fashion advertising, addressing obvious issues - anorexia, heroin and pornography - without coming to obvious conclusions.
BOUND
PERIODICALS
Week 7 Consuming fashion

Abbott, P. and Sapsford, F. 2001 Young Women and Their Wardrobes, in, A. Guy et al (eds). Through the Wardrobe: Womens Relationship to Their Clothes Oxford: Berg
Short and accessible study of the place of fashion in young womens lives and the influences on their purchasing decisions
391.0301 THR
Beckingham, C. 2005 Is Fashion a Womans Right? Brighton: Sussex Academic Press
Very useful discussion of the relationship between feminist values and fashion in both historical and contemporary contexts, concluding that it is a potential source of joy.

Church Gibson, P. 2000 Redressing the Balance: Patriarchy, Postmodernism and Feminism, in S. Bruzzi and P. Church Gibson Fashion Cultures: Theories, Explorations and Analysis London: Routledge
Discussion of the shifting, and often ambivalent, feminist view of fashion.
391.0301
FAS
Evans, C. and Thornton, M. 1989. Feminism, fshion, femininity in C. Evans and M Thornton Women and Fashion: A New Look London: Quartet
Useful overview of the feminist rejection of fashion.
391.0301
EVA
Foote, S. 1989. Challenging gender symbols in C. Brush Kidwell and V. Steele, eds., Men and Women: Dressing the Part Washington: Smithsonian Institute Press
Study of C19 outrage at women wearing trousers and C20 discomfort at men with long hair.
391.0301
KID
Jeffreys, S. 2005. Beauty and Misogyny: Harmful Cultural Practices in the West London: Routledge
Radical and angry critique of both, a range of contemporary western beauty practices, and, feminist approaches to fashion which foreground issues of choice, pleasure and creativity. Chapter one explores the diversity of feminist approaches to fashion and beauty; subsequent chapters explore these issues in relationship to specific practices including fashion design and make up.

Jobling, P. 1998. Whos that girl? Fashion Theory 2 (3)
Like Wallerstein below offers interesting discussion of recurring themes in contemporary fashion advertising, addressing obvious issues - anorexia, heroin and pornography - without coming to obvious conclusions.
BOUND
PERIODICALS
Kunzle, D. 1982. The campaign of the humorists in, D. Kunzle Fashion and Fetishism Totowa, New Jersey: Rowman and Littlefield
Argues that C19 tightlacing techniques far from being necessarily oppressive of women allowed them to feel sexual - in transgression of the gender norms of the time - and were widely condemned by those hostile to the suffragette movement.
391.42 KUN
Lewis, R. and K. Rolley 1997. (Ad)dressing the Dyke: Lesbian looks and lesbians looking in, M. Nava et al eds. Buy this Book: Studies in Advertising and Consumption. London: Routledge
Lesbian visual pleasure and female fashion magazines.
659.1 BUY
McRobbie, A. 1997. Bridging the gap: feminism, fashion and consumption in Feminist Review 55
Examines the way in which many women are financially excluded from fashion consumption and exploited in its production.
COPYRIGHT
FILE NO 145
?Miles, S. 1998. Consuming fashion in S. Miles Consumerism as a Way of Life London: Sage
Very useful short overview of some of the key approaches to fashion consumption.
306.3 MIL
Miller, J. 2002. Beauty and Democratic Power, in Fashion Theory 6 (3)
Short, useful, discussion of the politics of beauty and sexy dressing.
BOUND
PERIODICALS
Tickner, L. 1977. Women and trousers in Leisure in the Twentieth Century: Fourteen Papers given at the Second Conference on Twentieth Century Design History London: Design Council Publications
How trousers ceased to be an emblem of masculinity
745.2 DES
Rouse, E. 1989. Understanding Fashion Oxford: Blackwell (Chapters 5-10)
Useful social history of womens fashion from the Victorian period to the eighties.
391.0301 ROU
Wilson, E. 1985. Utopian dress and dress reform and Feminism and fashion both in E. Wilson Adorned in Dreams: Fashion and Modernity London: Virago
Brief history of C19 attempts to abolish fashion and rejection of the feminist critique of fashion.

391.0301 WIL
Wilson, E. and Taylor, L. 1989. Down with frou frou in E. Wilson and L. Taylor Through the Looking Glass. London: BBC Books
The C19 abandonment of corsets and the tentative emergence of women in trousers.
391.0942 WIL
Wright, E. 1989. Objectifying gender: the stiletto heel in J. Attfield and P. Kirkham eds., A View from the Interior: Feminism, Women and Design London: Womens Press
The ambiguous sexual politics of the stiletto heel.
745.4 ATT
WEEK 9 Producing fashion
LIBRARY
HOLDINGS
Craik, J. 1994. The Face of Fashion: Cultural Studies in Fashion London: Routledge
Multi-perspectival study of fashion, focusing on questions of gender; sceptical of assertions that fashion is - per se - exploitative.
391.0301 CRA
Entwistle, J 2000 The Fashion Industry, in The Fashioned Body. Cambridge: Polity.
Accessible overview of many issues related to fashion production.
391 ENT

Green, N. 1997 The Sweatshop as Workplace and Metaphor, in N. Green Ready to Wear and Ready to Work London: Duke University Press
Excellent historical discussion of the persistence of the sweat shop in the fashion industry.
331.48 GRE
Ewing, E. (2001) History of 20th century Fashion. London: Batsford.
Accessible history of British fashion and the British fashion industry

Fashion victims. The True Cost of Cheap Clothes at Primark, Asda and Tesco. 2006. London, War on Want.
382.45677
WAR
Klein, N. 2000 No Logo. London: Flamingo.
Influential and highly readable text on the forces of globalization and more specifically as impacting practices in the field of production of fashion.
306.3 KLE
Nixon, S. 1997. Circulating Culture, in Du Gay ed. Production of Culture/Cultures of Production. London: Sage.
Not fashion focused but a useful analysis of how advertising adds cultural meanings to goods.
306.3 GAY
Phizacklea, A. 1990 Unpacking the Fashion Industry: Gender, Racism and Class in Production London: Routledge
Detailed analysis of sweated labour in fashion production, also worth reading for the insight it offers into the industrial structure of British fashion production.
658.987 PHI
Ross, A. ed. 1997. No Sweat: Fashion, Free Trade and the Rights of Garment Workers London: Verso
Highly accessible and wide ranging collection examining the use of sweated labour in fashion production.
331.54 ROS
?Rouse, E. 1989. Fashion for all, in Understanding Fashion Oxford: Blackwell (Chapter 11)
The production of the mass market for fashion.
391.0301 ROU
Wilson, E. (2003) The Fashion Industry, in Wilson Adorned in Dreams. London: Virago
Short, useful overview of the historical development of the fashion industry
745.4 ATT
Week 10 Globalisation, nation and ethnicity

Crewe, L. and Goodrum, A. (2000) Fashioning New Forms of Consumption, in Bruzzi, S. and Church Gibson, P. (eds) Fashion Cultures. London: Routledge.

Crewe, L. and Lowe, M. 1996 United Colours? Globalization and localization tendencies in Fashion Retailing, in N. Wrigley and M. Lowe (eds). Retailing, Consumption and Capital: Towards the New Retail Geography Harlow: Longman
Useful introduction to issues of globalization (and localisation) in the fashion industry.
COPYRIGHT
FILE NO 151
Eicher, J. E. and Sumberg, E. (1995) World Fashion, Ethnic and National Dress, in J.B. Eicher (ed.) Dress and Ethnicity. Oxford: Berg.
Very short, very clear, discussion of the terms in the title, clarifying the significant differences between these.
391.0301. EIC
Dickerson, K.G. (1999) Textiles and Apparel in the Global Economy. Upper Saddle
River: Prentice-Hall.
Detailed study of the global textile and apparel industry.
382.45677 DIC
Goodrun, A. (2005) The National Fabric: Fashion, Britishness, Globalization. Oxford: Berg.
Useful study of the specificity of British dresss in the context of globalisation.

Kondo, D. 1995 The Aesthetics and Politics of Japanese Identity in the Fashion Industry, in Roach-Higgins et al. (eds) Dress and Identity. New York: Fairchild.
391.0301 ROA

Kondo, D. 1997 About Face. London: Routledge
Both of the above have interesting discussions of the links between Japanese identity, culture and fashion in the context of globalisation.
391.01.0301
KON
Lury, C. (2004) Brands: The Logos of the Global Economy. London: Routledge. 306.3 LUR
?Maynard, M. 2004 Theorising Global Dress, in Dress and Globalisation. Manchester University Press.
The entire book is an invaluable and accessible overview of fashion and globalisation, this chapter provides a clear introduction.

Nakagawa, S and Rosovsky, H/ 1995 The Case of the Dying Kimono, in Roach-Higgins et al. (eds) Dress and Identity. New York: Fairchild
391.0301 ROA

Niessen, S. et al. (eds) 2003 Re-Orienting Fashion. Oxford: Berg.
Wide ranging collection of essays exploring the globalisation of Asian Dress.
391.01.095
REO
Rabine, L. (2002) The Global Circulation of African Fashion. Oxford: Berg
Stimulating discussion of the flow of ashion commodities in the global economy.
391.096 RAB
Robertson, R. (1998) Globalization. London: Sage
Influential theory of globalization.
306.4 ROB
Skoggard, I (1998) Transnational Commodity Flows and the Global Phenomenon of the Brand in Brydon, A. and Niessen, S. (1998) eds Consuming Fashion. Oxford: Berg.
391.0301 BRY
Taylor, L. 2000 The Hilfiger Factor and the Flexible Commercial World of Couture, in, N. White and I. Griffiths The Fashion Business: Theory, Practice, Image Oxford: Berg
The reorganisation of the couture industry in the face of the rise of the global fashion brand.
391.0301 WHI
Waters, M. (1996) Globalization. London: Routledge.
Discussion of the key debates on globalization.
306.4 WAT
WEEK 11 Haute couture vs. mass fashion
LIBRARY
HOLDINGS

?Braham, P. 1997. Fashion: unpacking a cultural production in du Gay, P. ed. Production of Culture/Cultures of Production London: Sage
Invaluable study of the production and consumption of clothing commodities.

306.3 GAY
Crane, D. 2000 Fashion Worlds and Global Markets: From Class to Consumer Fashion, in D. Crane Fashion and its Social Agendas: Class Gender and Identity in Clothing Chicago: Chicago University Press
The increasing diversification and complexity of fashion and its role in lifestyle and identity.
391.0301 CRA
Davis, F. 1992. Fashion as cycle, fashion as process. Stages of the fashion process in F. Davies Fashion, Culture and Identity Chicago: University of Chicago Press
How do clothes become, and cease to be, fashionable?
391.0301 DAV
de Marly, D. (1980) Worth: Father of Haute Couture. London: Elm Tree Books.
Lively and engaging biography of Worth and the birth of Paris haute couture.
741.677 WOR
Evans. C. 1997. Dreams that only money can buy... or, the shy tribe in flight from discourse Fashion Theory 1 (2)
Highly recommended overview of debates around youth subcultures and the specificity of these in the 1990s.
BOUND
PERIODICALS
Evans, C. 1997. Street Style, Subculture and Subversion. in Costume Vol 31 pp 105-110
Short, useful, discussion of the changing nature of subculture, with particular reference to rave culture.
BOUND
PERIODICALS
Fine, B. and Leopold, E. 1993. Systems of provision in food and clothing in B. Fine and E. Leopold The World of Consumption London: Routledge
Economic history of the production and marketing of fashion.
306.3 FIN
Godley, A. 1996 The Emergence of Mass Production in the U.K. Clothing Industry, in I. M. Taplin and J. Winterton Restructuring Within a Labour Intensive Industry: The UK Clothing Industry in Transition Aldershot: Avebury
Short and straightforward account of the emergence of mass production in the manufacture of clothes at the end of the 19th century
COPYRIGHT
FILE NO 147
Leopold, E. 1992. The manufacture of the fashion system in J. Ash and E. Wilson eds., Chic Thrills London: Pandora
The development of mass market fashion production.
391.0301 ASH
Lipovetsky, G. 1994. The enchantment of appearances in G. Lipovetsky The Empire of Fashion Princeton: Princeton University Press
Detailed history of fashion moving from its emergence in C14 through to the decline of the influence of haute couture and the pluralism of today.
391.0301 LIP
Tarrant, N. 1994. Ready made clothes in N. Tarrant The Development of Costume London: Routledge
Straightforward narrative history of the development of the ready made clothing sector.
391 TAR
Wark, M. 1991. Fashioning the future: fashion, clothing, and the manufacture of post fordist culture in Cultural Studies 5 (1)
The reorganisation of fashion production and markets - away from mass production and towards a more flexible consumer led mode.
COPYRIGHT
FILE NO 146
or 104
Wark, M. 1997. Fashion as a culture industry in A. Ross. ed. No Sweat: Fashion, Free Trade and the Rights of Garment Workers London: Verso
Flexible specialisation in the global fashion industry.
331.54 ROS
Wilson, E. 1985. The Fashion Industry in E. Wilson Adorned in Dreams: Fashion and Modernity London: Virago
Short, useful, overview of the historical development of the fashion industry

391.0301 WIL
Wilson, E. and Taylor, L. 1989. Style for all. 1960-1990 in E. Wilson and L. Taylor Through the Looking Glass London: BBC Books
The shift from the look to looks.
391.0942 WIL
WEEK 12 and 13 Postmodernism
LIBRARY
HOLDINGS
Appignanesi, R. and Garrett, C. 1999. Introducing Postmodernism Cambridge: Icon
Part of the famous Introducing comic book series: witty, comprehensive and very readable

306 APP
Barnard, M. 1996. Fashion, Clothing and Postmodernity, in M. Barnard Fashion as Communication London: Routledge
Short examination of aspects of postmodernism in relation to fashion.
391.0301 BAR
Berthens, H. 1995. The Idea of the Postmodern: A History London: Routledge
Admirably clear account of the issues, movements and events associated with the term.
306 BER
Kaiser, S. 1999. Identity, postmodernity, and the global apparel marketplace in M. Damhorst, K. Miller, and S. Michelman (eds). The Meanings of Dress New York: Fairchild.
Short discussion of the relationship between fashion choices and identity in the context of postmodernism and globalisation.
SHORT LOAN
391.0301
?Kratz, C. and Reimer, B. 1998 Fashion in the Face of Postmodernity, in A. A. Berger (ed) The Postmodern Presence: Readings on Postmodernism in American Culture and Society Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press
Useful and accessible introduction to the manner in which postmodernism has impacted on fashion and the role that fashion plays in our lives
306 BER
Muggleton, D. 2000 Inside Subculture: The Postmodern Meaning of Style Oxford: Berg
Subcultures reconsidered in the light of postmodernism.
306.1 MUG
Wilson, E. 1990. These new components of the spectacle: fashion and postmodernism in R. Boyne and A. Rattansi eds. Postmodernism and Society London: Macmillan
What light do theories of fashion and postmodernism shed on each other?
COPYRIGHT
FILE NO 154
?Wilson, E. 1992. Fashion and the postmodern body in J. Ash and E. Wilson eds., Chic Thrills London: Pandora
Situates fashion in debates around postmodernism and argues it is one of those practices through which we perform our selves.
391.0301 ASH

Need help to get an urgent kick start on thesis ... please find attached an abstract. And do your best for a quality effort. This will serve for a top university. Thank you.

NOTE: There are many examples/references of China's behaviours ... but please ensure any examples, articles, incidents or materials drawn upon to be up to end July 2011 (nothing after that date). Also use references from significant scholarly authors, notable publications etc.

LIMIT any quotes to short sentances... DO NOT quote large chunks or entire paragraphs/sections directly within the thesis text. Include references to them only please


*************************************************************************************************************************************

TITLE ... "Challenging the Beijing Consensus: China Foreign Policy in the 21st Century"

*************************************************************************************************************************************
Below is a draft ABSTRACT:

This paper takes a popularised Western theorem of Chinas political and economic policy, the Beijing Consensus, examines it as a counter to the Washington Consensus, and further tests it against the facts of recent Chinese foreign policy actions. In so doing, calling into question the continuing validity of the Beijing Consensus as a useful analysis tool.

The Washington Consensus promoted a Western view that liberal economic policies such as free markets and reduced state involvement in the economy would be highly beneficial to the economic development and prosperity of the developing world. This view was undermined by the Asia Financial crisis in 1997/8 and the Subprime crisis in 2007/8. By contrast, the Beijing Consensus appears to offer a viable alternative. One where the State remains at the centre of directing economic activity whilst still allowing for free trade, delivering growth and stability.

I use this tension between Consensuses as a basis to review the discourse and establish that firstly, the two theorems are not as comparable in application as their headline description implies. Secondly, the paper then proposes that the value of the Beijing Consensus is called into question when considered in light of more recent Chinese policy action. Taken together I suggest that these give rise to the difficulty by analysts in reconciling Chinas Peaceful Rise with her more recent assertiveness as reported in Western media.

The paper looks to demonstrate this difficulty through Foreign Policy behaviours in recent years. An example is the long standing South and East China Sea territorial claims that have recently erupted in a series of aggressive postures. Demonstrated by a number of disputes, including the suspension of diplomatic relations and Rare Earth metals trade over Diaoyu/Senkaku islands issue with Japan, the repositioning of short range missiles towards Vietnam over sovereignty claims of the Spratly islands/Paracels archipelago and intimidating Chinese navy movements against a US ocean surveillance (the Impeccable) vessel in international waters off Chinas Hainan island. Non-territorial examples include the failure of the Copenhagen Climate summit being attributed to China by the European Union, Chinese consternation over the Obama meeting the Dalai Lama, and the angry reaction to the awarding of the Nobel Peace Prize to Liu Xiaobo. The latter being further reinforced by an unprecedented diplomatic offensive by China to encourage a boycott of the award ceremony.

Whilst not proposing an alternative theorem to frame the assertiveness, I will briefly consider a balancing and comparative review of US and European actions in a broader historical context that will place Chinas foreign policy actions as somewhat less exceptional and insidious than Western observers and their perceptions might otherwise suggest i.e. China on balance being no more aggressive than the West has been or for that matter Chinas cultural history, economic and security needs might indicate.

In summary, any analysis of a heterogeneous and complex China will fall short and have limited predictive qualities if dependent on a simplified framework such as the Beijing Consensus, that lacks the nuanced depth a balanced study would demand.


************************************************************************************************************************************

this is the structure ... BUT PLEASE ENSURE ALL POINTS IN THE ABSTRACT ARE COVERED EFFECTIVELY ...

NOTE focus is NOT the washington consensus - so write just enough (no more than 2000 words) to give context about washington. focus is completely on beijing consensus and it's weaknesesses.

Structure

Chapter 1: total 1500 words
Introduction:
include a summary 'definition' of each consensus (no more than 300 words for each)


Chapter 2: total 2500 words
more detailed review of what bejing consensus and washington consensus is (max 1000 words)
Compare Beijing consensus vs Washington consensus
Complete a discourse review

with a view to demonstrating that unlike the prescriptive washington consensus, the beijing consensus is too generalised and therefore weak in being an applicable framework for

Ch3. examples TOTAL 5000 words
. Drawing upon relevant wide examples of beijing forieign policy behaviours. Perhaps 5 examples explored more deeply (Africa resources, South China Sea, Human rights, climate)

relevant means ... able to demonstrate how bejing consensus does not seem to explain them
(1000 words x 5 each = 5000 words)


Ch 4. china compared to the west TOTAL: 6000 words
Has China really behaved any differently to other countries at a similar stage of development in other time periods. Of course need to counter that today we are all in a different world order and normative value system to consider eg UN charters etc


Ch5 - 3000 words to try and cover other points in the abstract not covered in previous chapters


Ch6. CONCLUSION / 0 words


DO NOT WRITE A CONCLUSION PLEASE.



thank you

BA Fashion Managament Year 1 Cultural and Historical Studies

ASSESSMENT AND PROJECT BRIEF

Fashion provides one of the most ready means through which individuals can make expressive visual statements about their identities. Bennett, A.( 2005). Culture and Everyday Life. London: Sage. p. 96.
- Discuss this statement with reference to individual examples.( include images related to the subject ) Taking into consideration the statement above and relate to fashion consumption and lifestyle.

Your essay (2000 words) must be presented in academic format, with bibliography and references.( HARVARD REFERENCING.)
IT SHOULD NOT BE OVER 20% ON TURNITIN.

Your answer should include:
Reference to key themes, debates and concepts covered in the unit
Referenced quotations (using Harvard referencing) from at least four academic texts to support your argument
A critical analysis of examples relevant to your degree subject
The conventions of academic writing

Upon successful completion of this unit you will be able to demonstrate:

1. an awareness of Cultural and Historical Studies as an academic discipline and its relationship with debates concerning fashion and beauty (subject knowledge);

2. an engagement with, and understanding of, relevant academic literature (research) ;

3. critical and analytical skills (analysis);

4. the ability to communicate effectively in an academic style (communication and presentation).

READING LIST:

?Bennett, A. (2005) Fashion, in, Culture and Everyday Life London: Sage.
Short, accessible discussion of the relationship between fashion and social identity, invaluable reading for the essay.

?Church - Gibson, P. (2006) Analysing Fashion, in, T. Jackson, D. Shaw (eds). The Fashion Handbook London: Routledge.
Very short, very readable introduction to the themes covered in this unit.

?Dant, T. (1999) Wearing it out: Written clothing and Material clothing, in, T. Dant, 1999, Material Culture in the Social World Buckingham: University Press.
Useful discussion of many of the key ideas that underpin this unit.

Edwards, T. (2011) Fashion in Focus: Concepts, Practices and Politics. London: Routledge.
Very useful introduction to understanding fashion, introduces many of the key issues that are central to this unit

English, B. (2007) A Cultural History of Fashion in the 20th Century Oxford: Berg.
Self explanatory title, very good at situating specific designers and trends in their broader cultural context

Entwistle, J. (2000) The Fashioned Body: Fashion, Dress and Modern Social Theory Cambridge: Polity.
Hugely useful overview of many of the issues covered in this unit. Do not be put off by chapter one which is far more complex than those that follow.

Kaiser, S. B. (2012) Fashion and Cultural Studies. Oxford: Berg.
Very useful introduction to understanding Cultural Studies approaches to fashion, introduces many of the key issues that are central to this unit ??" well worth buying.

Further reading

Baldwin, E. et al (1999) Introducing Cultural Studies London: Prentice Hall.
Useful and relatively accessible introduction to the main themes of cultural studies, does not focus on fashion but offers a valuable overview of many of the key ideas used to study and understand fashion within a cultural studies approach.

Barker, C. (2000) Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice London: Sage.
Like Baldwin above a useful and relatively accessible introduction to the main themes of cultural studies, does not focus on fashion but offers a valuable overview of many of the key ideas used to study and understand fashion within a cultural studies approach.

Barnard, M. (2007) Fashion Theory: A Reader London: Routledge.
Invaluable and exhaustive collection of readings covering a range of themes considered on this unit, not always introductory, but with very clear section introductions.

Breward, C. (1998) Cultures, Identities, Histories. Fashioning a Cultural Approach to Dress. in Fashion Theory 2 (4).
Sophisticated (and short) introduction to Cultural Studies approaches to studying fashion

Breward, C. (2003) Fashion Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Useful introduction to understanding fashion, introduces many of the key issues that are central to this unit.
Craik, J. (2009) Fashion: The Key Concepts Oxford: Berg.
Very readable textbook that covers many of the issues explored in this unit at an introductory level.

Finkelstein, J. (1996) After a Fashion Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.
Short, lucid and accessible introduction to many key approaches to understanding fashion.

READING LIST ABOUT CONSUMPTION:

- Bocock, R. (1992) Consumption and Lifestyles, in R. Bocock and K. Thompson Social and Cultural Forms of Modernity Cambridge: Polity.
Very useful general discussion of approaches to understanding consumption.

- Miles, S. (1998) Consuming fashion in S. Miles Consumerism as a Way of Life London: Sage.
Useful short overview of some of the key approaches to fashion consumption.

Direct quotes should be avoided. References must be academic. Here is a list of prefered references:
Ang, I. (2001). On Not Speaking Chinese. London, Routledge.
Anti-Discrimination Board of NSW (ADB). (2003). Race for the Headlines: racism and media discourse. Sydney, ADB.
Augoustinos, M.and Reynolds, K. (eds). (2001). Understanding Prejudice, Racism and Social Conflict. London, Sage.
Betts, K. (1999). The Great Divide: Immigration politics in Australia. Sydney, Duffy and Snellgrove.
Brennan, F. (2007). Tampering with Asylum: A Universal Humanitarian Problem. University of Queensland Press: St., Lucia. Rev. Edn.
Briskman, L.; Goddard, C. and S. Latham. (2008) Human rights overboard: seeking asylum in Australia. Scribe Publishing, Carlton North.
Burke, A. (2001). In fear of security: Australias invasion anxiety. Pluto Press, Annandale.
Chambers B. & Pettman, J. (1986) Anti-Racism: A Handbook for Adult Educators. AGPS: Canberra.
Collins, J. Noble, G. Poynting, S. and Tabar, P. (2002) Kebabs, Kids, Cops and Crime: youth, ethnicity and crime. Sydney, Pluto Press.
Crock, M.; Saul, B. and A. Dastyari. (2006). Future seekers II: refugees and irregular migration in Australia. Federation Press, Sydney.
Davies, W. and Dal Bosco, A. (2002). Tales from a Suitcase: the Afghan Experience. Lothian: South Melbourne
DCruz, J. V.; Neville, B.; Goonewardene, D. and P. Darby (eds). (2008) As Others See Us. Australian Scholarly Publishing: North Melbourne.
Dixson, M. (2000). The Imaginary Australian: Anglo-Celts and Identity - 1778 to the Present. UNSW Press: Sydney.
Docker, J. and Fischer, G. (eds) (2000). Race, Colour and Identity in Australia and New Zealand. University of New South Wales Press: Sydney.
From Nothing to Zero: Letters from Refugees in Australias Detention Centres. (2003).
Gale, Peter. (2005). The Politics of Fear: Lighting the Wik. Pearson Education Australia, Sydney.
Goldsworthy, P. (ed) (2008) True Blue? on being Australian. Allen and Unwin, Crows Nest.
Hage, G. (ed) (2002). Arab-Australians Today: Citizenship and Belonging. Melbourne University Press: Carlton South, Victoria.
Hage, G. (1998). White Nation: Fantasies of White Supremacy in a Multicultural Society. Pluto Press: Annandale, NSW.
Hage, G. (2003). Against Paranoid Nationalism: searching for hope in a shrinking society. Sydney, Pluto Press.
Hage, G and Couch, R. (eds) (1999). The Future of Australian Multiculturalism Research Institute for Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Sydney, Glebe.
Hannifa, D. (1995). Caravanserai: journey among Australian Muslims. Allen and Unwin, Sydney.
Hemmerton, A. J. and A. Thomson. (2005) Ten pound Poms: Australias invisible migrants. Manchester University Press, Manchester.
Hodge, B. and J. Carroll. (2006). Borderwork in Multicultural Australia. Allen and Unwin, Sydney.
HREOC. (2004a). A Last Resort: The Report of the National Inquiry into Children in Immigration Detention. Sydney, HREOC.
HREOC. (2004b). Isma ??" Listen: national consultations on eliminating prejudice against Arab and Muslim Australians. Sydney, HREOC.
Irving, H. (ed) (2001). Unity and Diversity: A National Conversation. Barton Lecture. ABC Books: Sydney.
Jameson, J. (2002). The ties that bind: Six journeys of a life time. Bantam Books: Sydney
Jayasuriya, L. (2003). Australian Multiculturalism past, present, and future. Social Work and Social Policy, University of WA.
Jayasuriya, L. (1997). Immigration and Multiculturalism in Australia, Occasional Paper Series, University of Western Australia: Crawley, WA.
Jayasuriya, L Walker, D and Gothard, J. (eds) (2003). Legacies of a White Australia: Race, Culture and Nation. University of Western Australia Press: Crawley, WA.
Jupp, J. (2007). From White Australia to Woomera: The story of Australian Immigration. 2nd Edn. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
Jupp, J. (ed) (2001). The Australian People: an Encyclopedia of the Nation, Its People and Their Origins. Cambridge University Press: Oakleigh, Victoria.
Jupp, J., Nieuwenhuysen, J. and E. Dawson (eds). 2007. Social Cohesion in Australia. Oxford University Press, South Melbourne.
Kabir, N. (2005). Muslims in Australia: immigration, race relations and cultural history. London, Kegan Paul.
Kamand, S. (2008) The immigration kit: a practical guide to Australias immigration laws. 8th edn. Federation Press, Sydney,
Khoo, S-E. and McDonald, P. (eds). (2003). The Transformations of Australias Population 1970-2030. UNSWPress, Sydney.
Leach, M. and F. Mansouri. (2004). Lives in Limbo: voices of refugees under temporary protection. UNSWP.
Leach, M.; G. Stokes and I. Ward (eds). (2000). The Rise and Fall of One Nation. UQP.
Lopez, M. (2000). The Origins of Multiculturalism in Australian Politics. Melbourne University Press: Carlton.
MacCallum, M. 2002. Girt by sea: Australia, refugees and the politics of fear. Quarterly Essay. No. 5. Melbourne, Black Inc.
Maley, W. et al. (2002). Refugees and the Myth of the Borderless World. Canberra, ANU.
Mares, P. (2003). Borderline: Australias Response to Refugees and Asylum Seekers in the Wake of the Tampa. UNSW Press: Sydney.
Mares, S. and l. Newman (eds) (2007) Acting from the Heart: Australian advocates for asylum seekers tell their stories. Finch Publishing, Sydney.
Markus, A. (2001). Race: John Howard and the Remaking of Australia. Allen & Unwin: Crows Nest, NSW.
Markus, A. (2008) Mapping Social Cohesion: the Scanlon Foundation surveys summary report. Monash Institute for the study of Global Movements, Monash University.
Marr, D. and Wilkinson, M. (2003) Dark Victory. Allen and Unwin: Crows Nest, NSW.
Murphy, B. (1993). The Other Australia: Experiences of Migration. Cambridge University Press: Oakleigh, Victoria.
Noble, G (ed). (2009). Lines in the Sand: the Cronulla Riots and the limits of Australian multiculturalism. Institute of Criminology Press, Sydney.
Perera, S. (ed) (2007) Our Patch: Enacting Australian Sovereignty Post-2001. Network Books, Perth.
Poynting, S.; G. Noble, P. Tabar and J. Collins. (2004). Bin Laden in the Suburbs: Criminalising the Arab Other. Sydney, Sydney Institute of Criminology Series.
Ryan, J. (1995). Ancestors: Chinese in Colonial Australia. Fremantle Arts Centre Press.
Saeed, A. and Akbarzadeh, S. (eds). (2001). Muslim Communities in Australia, UNSW Press, Sydney.
Shaw, W. (2007). Cities of whiteness. Blackwell, Malden MA.
Tavan, G. (2005). The long, slow death of White Australia. Scribe, Melbourne.
Taylor, P. (2007) Why we are Australians: 125 defining men, women and moments over three centuries. The Five Mile Press, Rowville, Vic.
Thomas, M. (1999). Dreams in the Shadow: Vietnamese-Australians lives in transition. Allen and Unwin, Sydney.
Tyler, H. (2003). Asylum: Voices behind the Razor Wire. Lothian: South Melbourne
Vasta, E. and Castles S. (eds) (1996). The Teeth Are Smiling. Allen and Unwin: Sydney.
Viviani, N. (1996) The Indo-Chinese in Australia 1975-1995: from burnt boats to barbecues. Oxford University Press, Sydney.
Walker, D. (1999). Anxious Nation: Australia and the Rise of Asia 1850-1939. University of Queensland Press: St., Lucia.
Windschuttle, K. (2004) The White Australia Policy: race and shame in the Australian history wars. Macleay Press, Paddington NSW.
Wise, A. and Velayutham, S. (eds) (2009) Everyday Multiculturalism. Basingstoke, UK, Palgrave Macmillan.

International
Adams, G. et al. 2008. Commemorating Brown: the social psychology of racism and discrimination. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.
Bauman, Z. (2004). Wasted Lives: Modernity and its Outcasts. Polity: Oxford.
Bennett, D. (ed) (1998). Multicultural States: Rethinking Difference and Diversity. Routledge: London.
Bolaffi, G. et al (eds). (2003). Dictionary of Race, Ethnicity and Culture. London, Sage.
Brah, A.; M. Hickman and M. Mac an Ghaill (eds). (1999). Thinking Identities: ethnicity, racism and culture. London, Palgrave.
Castles, S. and Miller, M. (eds) (2003). The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World Third Editon. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan
Feagin, J. (2010) The white racial frame: centuries of racial framing and counter-framing. New York, Routledge.

6 pages in essay format:

This is a portfolio narrative essay describing my learning through experience and independent study. The focus is INTERCULTURAL SENSITIVITY IN SECONDARY EDUCATION, including extensive teaching of mixed cultures. I have taught secondary education in a private school setting in southern California for more than a decade. I served as a school administrator, and Earth Science teacher. This is a Prior Learning Documentation, the essay must describe learning through hand-on experience, reading, and research. After the essay is complete a second document detailing simple statements of experience and knowledge must correlate with the essay. Please use generalized statements of learning/knowledge gained through applicable teaching experiences.
Example: Through teaching diverse population in the classroom, I learned??.
As an administrator of an accredited secondary school???????

Relate ALL information to teaching in a culturally diverse middle and high school setting.
Cover the following information:
1. define intercultural communication.
---describe appropriate sensitivity in intercultural education in-depth.
2. discuss the challenges of intercultural communication
3. explore international and domestic intercultural contacts
4. explain principles of communication
5. identify functions and characteristics of culture
6. describe forms of intercultural communication
7. illustrate cultural influences on the perceptual process
8. recognize dominant American cultural patterns
9. recognize diverse cultural value dimensions
10. research the deep structures of culture
11. contrast cultural world views
12. consider cultural family structures
13. compare cultural histories
14. examine the functions of language
15. investigate the cultural impact of language
16. inventory diversity in U.S. patterns of language
17. name categories of nonverbal cues
18. observe cultural differences in nonverbal cues
19. appreciate cultural diversity
20. engage in intercultural dialogue
21. role-play intercultural communication skills
22. analyze personal intercultural sensitivities
23. describe cultural differences in educational practice
24. evaluate U.S. multicultural education practices
25. address multicultural issues in education
26. explore belief systems
27. contrast cultural patterns in education
28. set goals for improving competency in intercultural communication
I worked to get the school certified with the INS to serve non-immigrant students. We frequently accepted Korean students and students of Mexican-American heritage. The school worked with a very high ratio of special needs students.
Relate experiences in administrative practices including ?sponsoring? immigration paperwork for a teacher from India.
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2 pages in the following format to corespond with the content of the essay:

After the essay is complete a second 2-page document detailing simple statements of experience and knowledge must correlate with the essay.
The second document format is very easy:

Experience that led to learning: Knowledge attained through the experience:

1???????????. ????????????..........................
........................................
......................................

2............ .......................................
......................................

This is my senior ARGUMENTATIVE research (dissertation type paper) paper and the entire class grade is dependent upon only this 1 research paper so it's of extreme importance that this is high quality graduate work. It is a research paper that needs to be AT LEAST 20 pages long. This paper must be professionally written and contain very little quoting, if any at all, no fluff, and done without any sort of plagiarism,

Research Methodology Seminar: Cultural History

Ethnic Studies 191

You are expected to search out and critically analyze primary materials, to read and synthesize secondary sources, and to write up your findings. Your ultimate goal is to use the evidence you have gathered to substantiate an original argument in a rigorously written term paper. To successfully complete this paper you'll need to refine your topic, devise a research plan, develop analytical questions to drive your investigations, identify and secure sources, engage with prior research on your topic to frame your work, and revise your final paper.


I need an ARGUMENTATIVE (IT MUST BE EXTREMELY/VISIBLY ARGUMENTATIVE) and HIGH QUALITY research paper about Marcus Garvey and his movement/ideaology of Pan-Africanism. NOT A SUMMARY about Marcus Garvey and his accomplishments and NOT a summary on his movement and ideology of PAN-Africanism . NO SUMMARY PERIOD PLEASE!! but an argumentative research paper. This is a black studies graduate course. The paper topic is kind of wide open as long as it is ARGUMENTATIVE and about Marcus Garvey AND his movement and ideaology of Pan-Africanism and NOT PLAGIARIZED PLEASE.


--You can choose what you want to focus on and argue about but it must be VERY VERY VERY argumentative and insightful. It also must be written in a fashion that (although you definitely can write about his shortcomings) respects/dignifies Marcus Garvey and his achievements as my Black Studies professor loves Marcus Garvey...(although the paper could be about his shortcomings or some of the problems Garvey faced trying to implement Pan-Africanism). However it must be very critical, argumentative to THE BONE (whether it is praising Marcus Gavery and his movement and ideology/success or critrizng him and his movement of Pan-Africanism by analyzing some of its flaws or shortcomings).

---This SHOULD NOT be an AUTOBIOGRAPHY of the life of Marcs Garvey: Its argumentative reserach paper

--Please: No background or History... Just striaght discussion and ARGUMENT (of course also citations)

---This paper MUST MAKE SENSE and BE PROPERLY EDITED and proofread... not thrown together with typos, incomplete sentences, incomplete thoughts, and non-relating ideas. It must be fluid, CONNECT, and make sense.

--Please Section off your thesis by providing it at the very beginning of the paper underlined with very CLEAR and FORCEFUL language: i.e. "In this paper I intend to demonstrate, prove, argue xyz..." or "I will show how (provide argument)...." The thesis should be assertive LOUD and CLEAR.

--Lastly, please provide a WORTHWHILE and INTRIGUING topic... not a very easily constructed and proven argument that is sort of a hyperbole..(no straw man aruguments) I need a topic that my professor would want to read. Thanks a lot.. AND NO PLAGERISM, as I have already recieved a plagerized paper from another site, which is the reason I'm having you guys write the same paper again. Thanks

---This should be APA or MLA (either one)... doesnt matter... Thanks guys : Remember My paper is due on June 4th or 5th at the latest!!

Number of primary/secondary sources (references) requested = at least 11 primary sources/ 6 secondary sources