Healthcare Information Technology

My company is a long term care facility- Respiratory therapist

This is in 2 parts, Part one is three discussion questions, and the second part is a research paper. All details are attached. If I can have the same writer for the last paper, it will be great.

Information System Briefing:

Describe the implementation process in the health care setting.
Identify roles and responsibilities in system implementation.


Resource: Appendix B of Health Care Information Systems from Wager, K. A,. Lee, F. W., &Glaser, J. P. (2209). Health care information systems: A practical approach for health care management (2nd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Consider the following scenario:

? During the third week of your internship, the CIO approaches your desk and says, ?I need you to prepare a briefing on the process of selecting and acquiring an information system for our health care organization. Include how the goals of our organization and stakeholders affect the selection process. I must have this briefing this week so I can prepare for several meetings I must attend.?

Prepare a briefing for the CIO in the form of a 750 word paper.
Include the following:

? The process for selecting and acquiring an information system.
? How the organization?s goals drive the selection of an information system.
? The roles each of the organization?s stakeholders play in the selection and acquisition process.

Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.

Information Systems Evolution Paper

Explore the history and evolution of telemedicine. Include its date of inception, major milestones, and uses in health care.

Also, incorporate information related to potential areas for health care fraud and abuse. Questions to consider are:

a) Who maintains patient records?

b) What are some ways that patient information can be used for fraud and abuse?

a. Patient information submitted for false reimbursement?

b. Selling patient information to external entities?

c) What are some policies on the release of information, retention, and destruction of records?

d) How is information technology affecting patient care?

Integrate at least four sources into your paper, using citations and references in APA format. Intext citations must have author's last name, year published, and either paragraph number or page number.

One source must be:

Wager, K. A., Lee, F. W., & Glaser, J. P. (2005). Managing health care information systems: A practical approach for health care executives. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Instructions
Book: Austin, C. J., & Boxerman, S. B. (2008). Information systems for healthcare management (7th ed.). Chicago: Health Administration Press.

Assignment: Write a 5-7 page paper in which you:
1.Analyze the basic technology underlying health care information systems and determine the most pressing need for innovation.
2.Explain (with specific examples using local hospitals or other health care providers) how your recommended innovation will improve the overall level of health care in your own community.
3.Recommend actions that senior management could take in the community in which you live to push the boundaries of information technology management.
4.Cite at least two (2) references from peer-reviewed sources to support your argumentation.

Please include cites with web addresses and please reference course book as needed...Thanks in advance!

Subject: Healthcare information technology.

Hello,
Attached is the instructions for the paper. I worked at a long term care facility as a respiratory therapist. I have highlighted my choices on the attached doc. If there are anymore questions, please contact me ASAP. Thank you

Instructions:
This is a Healthcare Information Systems term paper. There are 5 questions that must be answered for this assignment. When you read the questions below, keep in mind that your answer has to be from a Healthcare Information Systems perspective.

Questions:

1- Why would it be (or not be) beneficial to combine supply chain management (SCM) and customer relationship management (CRM) into a single system for healthcare services organizations? What about combining SCM with enterprise resource planning (ERP), or other combinations of Health management information system (HMIS) enterprise software for healthcare services organizations?

2- Why is it difficult to integrate IT and medicine? Discuss the need for an integrated management perspective of HMIS. Further, list and illustrate the basic functions of an HMIS. How may these basic functions be extended to accommodate complex health information processing tasks such as medical diagnosis and tele-consultation?

3- What are some of the critical success factors in HMIS implementation and how should one go about standardizing service nomenclature, such as the process service names and outcomes in order to achieve a level of ease with implementing enterprise-wide software? Why must people be sold on the software and readiness to change before moving ahead with a large-scale implementation such as ERP?

4- What are the major issues with existing HIMIS? Discuss why the system interoperability is becoming a major concern for HMIS. And further explain the combined practice wants to implement wireless notepads for the physicians and staff to make changes directly to a patients records. What data integrity and security do you foresee? Discuss if there are any other impact or beneficial use of Web Services to HMIS besides as a solution for HIMIS interoperability issue?

5- What are some of the major HMIS enterprise software? Discuss the need for a data sharing culture in implementing the various HMIS enterprise software. And what do you see as the trend of healthcare services organizations with the applications of HMIS enterprise software?


Requirements and Directions:

- Each question must be answered in a minimum of 300 words
- Each question has an entire page of answers
- Each answer is expected to be concise, direct and to the point
- Do not write the questions again in the paper just write the number of the question next to your answers
- You can use any kind of sources to answer your questions
- The answers of each questions must be complete
- Make sure to answer every aspect of the question
- The writing must be of high quality and sentence structures with no grammatical and spelling mistakes.

Write each question followed by an answer
Assignment Title: Technology Assessment

1) Analyze the basic technology underlying healthcare information and determine the most pressing need for innovation.
2) Explain (with specific examples using local hospitals or other health care providers) how your recommended innovation will improve the overall level of health care in your own community (example: west Oak Lane).
3) Recommend actions that senior management could take in the community (west Oak Lane Philadelphia) in which you live to push the boundaries of information technology management
Cite at least two (2) references from peer-review sources to support your argument
Textbook:
Austin, C. J., & Boxerman, S. B. (2008). Information systems for healthcare management (7th ed.). Chicago: Health Administration Press.

This is a case study assignment. The case study will be provided in a pdf format. There will be 4 questions at the end of the case study that needs to be answered. The case study will be uploaded in the customer panel. The case study topic is related to health care information systems.

Requirements:

- Each question must be answered in a minimum of 150 words
- Each page contains answers to 2 questions
- Each answer is expected to be concise, direct and to the point
- Do not write the questions again in the paper just write the number of the question next to your answers
- You can use any kind of sources to answer your questions
- The answers of each questions must be complete
- Make sure to answer every aspect of the question
- The writing must be of high quality and sentence structures with no grammatical and spelling mistakes.



There are faxes for this order.

I prefer the following writers: Freelancewriter or Pheelyks

Outside research is not necessary.

(A copy of the case study will be sent. It contains 13 pages( 8 1/2 x 11) of 12 point font text and 12 exhibits. Overall, it is fairly light reading).

Information used, should primarily be gleamed directly from the case itself and perhaps, your own knowledge about Information Systems. If you do decide to use outside sources, please no more than one.

Headers are perfectly fine, and where appropriate, bullet points can also be used. Each issue addressed, should be able to stand alone as a separate talking point. Therefore, there is really no need for transitions.

1.What should be the major design objectives of healthcare information systems?
2.What critical problems should healthcare information systems aim to eliminate?
3.What unique challenges face this company, in developing and implementing a clinical information system? And, are they different from the challenges in other environments?
4.What are some of the key systems and IT initiatives would you recommend to the company?
5.Which of the current initiatives make sense, what would you add?


There are faxes for this order.

Customer is requesting that (Freelancewriter) completes this order.

This is an Article Critique paper assignment. The article will be provided in a PDF file format, the title of the article is "Integrating Fingerprint Verification into the Smart Card-Based Healthcare Information System"

The format of the critique must include a short summary of the article followed by a critique of the authors point-of-view.

Keep in mind the following questions as you critique the article:
What did the author say? What do you think? Was the author on target? What was missing? etc.

I am expecting a critique analysis, not a review of the article


Requirements:
-Evidence of higher-level thinking skills in consistent, insightful, and sophisticated ways
-Sustained logical analysis demonstrating independent, synthetic, or integrative thought
-The sentences are clear, logical, and enjoyable to read. Word choice is precise, interesting and appropriate to the writing task.
-The language is mature


Satisfaction rate will be based on the depth of the summary and your analysis, quality of writing and content, and following directions.

Part 2
1. What is the importance of a data management strategy to a health care organization?

2. How can the service process model be used to achieve enterprise resource planning and single data entry points through the multiple organizations?

3. Describe a situation where you would use a CHIN or RHINO system to provide care. How would you utilize cloud computing?

Sources to use are:

Tan, J., Payton, F. C. (2010). Adaptive Health Management Information Systems: Concepts Cases and Practical Applications (3rd ed.). Boston: Jones and Bartlett. ISBN 13: 978-0-7637-5691-8.

Hickman, G.T., Smaltz, D. H. (2008). The Healthcare Information Technology Planning Field book: Tactics, Tools and Templates for Building your IT Plan. Chicago: HIMSS. ISBN 978-0-9800697-1-6.

Dwyer, S.J., Reiner, B.I., Siegel, E.L. (2004). Security

Part 3

Three pages.
1. Why is user resistance ??" particularly from nurses and physicians ??" often considered the greatest obstacle to successfully implementing patient-centric management systems?

2. Develop an organizational policy on data security, including actions to be taken when there is a security breach.

3. How feasible is the Web services solution for HIMS? What are some of the challenges and potential solutions?

Sources to use are:

Tan, J., Payton, F. C. (2010). Adaptive Health Management Information Systems: Concepts Cases and Practical Applications (3rd ed.). Boston: Jones and Bartlett. ISBN 13: 978-0-7637-5691-8.

Hickman, G.T., Smaltz, D. H. (2008). The Healthcare Information Technology Planning Field book: Tactics, Tools and Templates for Building your IT Plan. Chicago: HIMSS. ISBN 978-0-9800697-1-6.

Dwyer, S.J., Reiner, B.I., Siegel, E.L. (2004). Security Issues in the Digital Medial Enterprise (2nd ed.). Society for Computer Applications in Radiology. ISBN 0-9706693-4.

Ethical Issues in Health Care Information Technology from the perspective of Knowledge Management in theory and practice.

Over the last twenty years, health care services have been transformed by increasing use of information and knowledge. Experts agree that information technology (IT) has made this transformation possible. In the last decade especially, ethical issues related to health care IT have generated a wealth of studies as well as lively and serious discussions identifying ethical challenges and proposing practical solutions and guidelines for health care professionals. Related issues have been in the news since the Obama administration proposed converting all paper medical records to an electronic system.

The purpose of this research paper is to:

* increase understanding of Knowledge Management ethics

* identify, examine and analyze concepts, principles and practices related to KM ethics and health care information technology

* propose appropriate ways to responsibly address ethical dilemmas and promote ethical standards and practices in the use of health care information technology

Write a research paper following the instructions below:
* Identify, examine and analyze three ethical issues you consider most important in the way IT is used by today's health care professionals and may be used in the future with the expansion of an electronic system.

* Defend the importance of your three choices with evidence of solid research and critical thinking, citing data, information and examples to support your claims.

* Cite at least three research sources for each ethical issue identified (minimum of nine sources total). As usual, successful papers will rely heavily on academic and other authoritative sources found. Do not use wikipedia, opinions from newpapers.

* Use headings for each major section of your paper: for example, Introduction, Ethical Issue 1, Ethical Issue 2, Ethical Issue 3, Conclusion, Bibliography or Reference List.

Create a matrix of significant legislation affecting health care information systems since 2000.

Write a 1,400- to 1,750-word summary of current government, legislative, and regulatory influences on information systems. Based on your readings and this week?s lecture, include the following:

? Explain the changing legislative and regulatory rules and their effect on the need to implement e-health applications in health care organizations.

? Write a problem statement based on the legislative trend or trends you identified.

Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.

Please make sure it is original in content.

Data Mining in Health Care
data warehousing is a method of data storage that allows for streamlined data management and retrieval. Data mining software aids in clarifying the relationships between stored data and assists in retrieving specific information as needed. In health care organizations, the information this process yields can be used to cut costs and improve patient care.
explore the concept of data mining from a health care perspective.
To prepare:
What are the potential benefits of using data mining in health care?
Review the information in the Learning Resources on the different types of data warehousing and how the one selected impacts data mining.
Review the Hey article, ?The Next Scientific Revolution.? Consider how data mining through machine learning can be applied to health care.
Reflect on your initial impressions of automated data mining in health care. What are your thoughts on applying this type of data mining to patient care? Consider possible drawbacks of both guided and automated data mining. What approaches and strategies could be used to address those concerns?
Consider any ethical ramifications of using data mining or machine learning as a tool for prognosis.
analysis of how data mining can be beneficial to a health care system. Assess how the type of data warehousing used can impact the ability to mine data. Describe examples of the successful use of guided data mining and automated data mining within health care and cite your source. Describe any reservations you have or ethical issues you foresee in using data mining to provide health care information. What approaches and strategies could be used to address those concerns? Justify your responses.

I have a file. Hey file which I will be sending later. today.

Paper discusses how the use of a database and applicable application software will address the examples of physician information management presented in the introduction paragraph that follows. Emphasize how this is accomplished more efficiently than ?traditional? methods (e.g. printed directories) of representing/distributing this data. Identify potential savings as a result. Note: The paper is to be three pages long, excluding title page and bibliography.

Introduction paragraph: Within the healthcare environment, the need to track physicians and data related to physicians is an ongoing challenge. Examples are seen in the need to access physician data including: Insurance Plan Participation (directories), Referrals, Distribution of Reports/Results, Physician Selection (new patients) and overall office contact information management.

The writer charged with this project must have a background in healthcare administration (whether through experience or a degree earned within the last two years) and thus must have a deep, concrete understanding of the flow of information within a health services organization before beginning the task. The following course information should provide some guidance as to the nature of the course and how the assignment fits with the content it is allegedly educating students with:


Course Details:

Title: Health Care Database Design and Management

Text: Modern Database Management, 7th edition, Hoffer, Prescott and McFadden.

Overview: This course will provide a study of the concepts of database technology and its application in a healthcare setting. The main focus will be in data modeling, relational database concepts and the role databases and repositories play in organizations, whether departmental, organizational, or WWW hosted. Specific discussions will focus on the CDR, MPI and data warehouse concepts in healthcare. The course will also provide an overview of legacy database technology (hierarchical), newer database technology (Object-oriented, Client/Server and Knowledge bases) and data administration.

Competencies: Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to:
? Discuss the role of a CDR and issues surrounding evaluation, implementation, operation and utilization.
? Explain the importance of data architecture and its relation to business problems/modeling
? Describe the uses of a data dictionary and discuss metadata
? Create data models using Entity-Relationship Diagrams
? Apply normalization principles to the design of relational databases
? Build databases using Microsoft Access including table definition, relationships, queries, forms and reports.
? Describe the use of SQL and QBE as tools for data retrieval
? Discuss the differences between relational and object oriented data models
? Describe the concepts of client server technologies in a network environment
? Explain how methodologies are used in database system design and implementation
? Discuss and describe at least two applications of databases in healthcare information management
? Explain the differences between relational, hierarchical and network databases

AHIMA Task Competencies
1.a.1 Participate in defining data elements for institution-wide data collection
1.b.3 Design form displays for collection of data
1.b.5 Perform database queries for research or special reports
1.b.6 Retrieve patient data from departmental databases
2.a.3 Participate in institutional planning for integration of computer services
2.a.4 Participate in development of institution-wide information management
plan
2.b.6 Specify requirements for computer systems

Unit 7 Review


Reading Assignment
Assignment Type: Individual Project Points Possible: 100 Deliverable Length: 3?4 pages

You have accepted a position as an office manager for a multidisciplinary practice that is affiliated with the local hospital. The office is midway through the process of converting to a computerized system. For you to be effective, it is important that you get oriented in the office as soon as possible.

As the new office manager, what factors pertaining to health care information do you need to consider? In a paper of 3?4 pages, discuss the factors that you need to consider, and explain your reasons. Be sure to include the following:

A discussion on legislation as it applies to health information
The organizational structure and flow of information within a health organization
Billing
Accrediting bodies
Standards for health information
Monitoring and assessing practices for ensuring compliance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accoutnability (HIPAA) guidelines

The topic I chose information security in healthcare

Please contact me if you think i should chose another topic of if you have anyother idea.


The purposes of this assignment are to a) help you effectively use research resources through UMUC library data bases and UMUC search engines to complete course requirements; b) improve your critical thinking skills; and c) develop your effectiveness in writing about topics relevant to course objectives and healthcare information systems. The paper explores, in greater detail than the required readings and class discussion, a healthcare information system topic identified in the course syllabus. Your job is to select a current issue in healthcare information systems, provide the necessary background and your position, along with a conclusion and future direction. I encourage you to select a subject in which you have interest and approach this assignment as a potential publishable work.

Your final paper is not to exceed 15 pages of content double-spaced (content does not include the executive summary, and references). Please be sure to follow APA Publication Manual guidelines:

Executive summary (1 page)
Background/Introduction
Statement and analysis of the issue / case (including your analysis of the sources of the problem, stakeholders, etc?)
Position (a clear statement of what your position on the issue)
Support for your position along with anticipated obstacles, stakeholders, and facilitating factors (designed to persuade the reader to your thesis and drawn from evidence and the literature)
Conclusion and future direction
References
While there is seldom a ?right? or ?wrong? position in a given paper, students are expected to clearly and articulately support their argument using course and external materials. It is very important that you include not only background on the selected issue, but your specific assessment, recommendations, ideas, and suggestions. It is your original analysis, grounded in the class material and peer-reviewed publications, that is the hallmark of solid graduate level social science writing and will serve as the main basis for your grade. Select credible information/data and use (and cite) your research in support of a persuasive stance on the topic.


http://ezproxy.umuc.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=iih&AN=57052007&login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site
End of citation-->

White Paper

Security and Control of Health Data for Euclid Hospital

Euclid Hospital has a longstanding commitment to the Boone County, Texas community. Last year alone, it provided care for 5,320 hospitalized patients, 2,593 surgical patients, and 25, 699 emergency patients. Beyond sheer numbers, it demonstrates daily its commitment to quality care and patient satisfaction. In 2001, Euclid Hospital received a three-year accreditation from the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO), the nation?s leading independent standards-setting and accrediting body.

The hospital keeps striving to improve quality and continuously elicits feedback from patients about the care it provides. On a quarterly basis, it compares patient satisfaction scores against prior scores, as well as against other hospitals in the system and hundreds of hospitals in a national database. Consistently, Euclid Hospital achieves high scores, which compare favorably with its peers.

It?s also committed to bringing the community the latest advances in medicine and excellence in patient care, comfort, and convenience. It recently introduced highly advanced surgical interventions and new diagnostic testing capabilities. It also recently renovated and expanded the emergency room with a new outpatient registration area. The hospital has its first-ever contract with Reed Physicians Medical Group, as well as a longstanding relationship with Russell Medical Group.

Euclid Hospital believes it?s important to be a good corporate citizen. Its financial contributions to the local economy exceed $43.5 million annually. Its provision of charity and discounted care totals more than $212 million annually. In addition, it supports and sponsors local community efforts.

In an effort to maintain a successful profile in the local health-care community, the chief executive office (CEO) and the chief information officer (CIO) have some concerns about the legacy information system becoming dated, and may also have concerns about health data security.

As a manager of health information, the CIO asked you to prepare a white paper on the protection of Euclid?s health data. You?ve been instructed that the paper is to be no longer than 10 pages and conventionally reference with timely information.

The CIO has given you this working outline of the minimum topics to be addressed in the paper:

Health-Care Data at Euclid Hospital
Security and Control
A White Paper

I. Introduction ? Protecting Health-Care Data
II. Privacy and Confidentiality of Health-Care Data
a. Legislative Protection of Privacy
b. Patient Rights
c. Access to Health-Care Data
d. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA)
III. Security Fundamentals
a. Protecting Informational Privacy
i. Unauthorized User Activity
ii. Downloaded Files
iii. Trojan Horses
iv. Informational Privacy Models
b. Protecting Data Integrity
c. Ensuring Data Availability
IV. Establishing A Security Program
a. Components of a Security Program
i. Determining the scope of the security program
ii. Security Program Organization
iii. Security Policies, Procedures and Standards
V. Risk Analysis and Management
a. Risk Analysis
i. Identification of Assets
ii. Evaluating Information Assets
iii. Risk-Analysis Methods
iv. Sample Risk assessment
b. Development of Countermeasures
VI. Conclusions on Protecting Health-Care Information at Euclid Hospital




Reference Book:

Information Management for Health Professions, 2nd Edition, Merida L. Johns
Delmar ? Thompson Learning
Chapter 9: Security, Audit and Control of Health Data
(will e-mail this chapter to you as it will be needed to write the white paper)

Evaluating Health Information Technology Systems
Resources

Media

Course Media: Transforming Nursing and Healthcare Through Technology

"Evaluating Healthcare Information Systems" (George McCulloch)

Required Readings

Course Text: Nursing Informatics: Scope and Standards of Practice
"Standard 6. Evaluation" (p. 76)

Articles:

Nahm, E., Vaydia, V., Ho, D., Scharf, B., & Seagull, J. (2007). Outcomes assessment of clinical information system implementation: A practical guide. Nursing Outlook, 55(6), 282-288.e2.

Rahimi, B., & Vimarlund, V. (2007). Methods to evaluate health information systems in healthcare settings: A literature review. Journal of Medical Systems, 31(5), 397-432.

Wyatt, J. (2010). Assessing and improving evidence based health informatics research. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 151, 435-445.

Websites:

Healthcare Information and Management Systems (HIMSS). (2011). Retrieved from http://www.himss.org/ASP/index.asp

Optional Resources (if applicable) are listed in the Week 12 Learning Resources.

TOPIC: Information System Evaluation

Differentiate the process of evaluating health information technology systems from other types of evaluation in health care.

What specific strategies might you employ for an information system evaluation?

What factors might you examine to judge the system's effectiveness?

Assess the main challenges of designing a successful information system evaluation.

Support your response with references from the professional nursing literature.

I WANT researchpro KELVIN TO WRITE THE PAPER THX

Please write a 2 page paper using the material below and please remember to include a reference page.





Security of Health Care Records
With the increase of health information technology used to store and access patient information, the likelihood of security breaches has also risen. In fact, according to the Canadian Medical Association Journal (CMAJ):
In the United States, there was a whopping 97% increase in the number of health records breached from 2010 to 2011 The number of patient records accessed in each breach has also increased substantially, from 26,968 (in 2010) to 49,394 (in 2011). Since August 2009, when the US government regulated that any breach affecting more than 500 patients be publicly disclosed, a total of 385 breaches, involving more than 19 million records, have been reported to the Department of Health and Human Services.
A large portion of those breaches, 39%, occurred because of a lost, stolen, or otherwise compromised portable electronic device??"a problem that will likely only get worse as iPads, smartphones, and other gadgets become more common in hospitals. (CMAJ, 2012, p. E215).
Consider your own experiences. Does your organization use portable electronic devices? What safeguards are in place to ensure the security of data and patient information? For this Discussion you consider ethical and security issues surrounding the protection of digital health information.
To prepare:
Review the Learning Resources dealing with the security of digital health care information. Reflect on your own organization or one with which you are familiar, and think about how health information stored electronically is protected.
Consider the nurses responsibility to ensure the protection of patient information. What strategies can you use?
Reflect on ethical issues that are likely to arise with the increased access to newer, smaller, and more powerful technology tools.
Consider strategies that can be implemented to ensure that the use of HIT contributes to an overall culture of safety.
Post on or before Day 3 an analysis of the nurses responsibility to protect patient information and the extent that HIT has made it easier or more difficult to protect patient privacy. Comment on any security or ethical issues related to the use of portable devices to store information. Assess the strategies your organization uses to safeguard patient information and how these promote a culture of safety. Describe an area where improvement is needed and one strategy that could address the situation.


HIPAA
Improving the Privacy and Security of Personal Health Records
BOB BROWN


Bob Brown, PhD, is the director?of Health Information Technology, Michigan State University Kalamazoo Center for Medical Studies.
Two New Initiatives May Help Improve the Privacy and Security of Online PHI Not Currently Protected by HIPAA
In my HIPAA article published in the May-June 2007 issue of the Journal of Health Care Compliance, I re- ported on the spread of online personal health record (PHR) systems and the lack of any consistent mandato- ry or voluntary standards for protecting the privacy and security of individually identifiable health information contained in these systems. Since the publication of that article, the use of PHRs has accelerated, especially with the introduction of PHRs by such experienced Internet technology companies as Google and Microsoft.
With millions more people signing up for PHRs, the lack of standards for protecting the sensitive personal data contained in these systems has become even more wor- risome. Two recent developments, however, may help to significantly improve the privacy and security of PHRs.
On December 15, 2008, the Office of the National Co- ordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) re- leased a document entitled Nationwide Privacy and Se- curity Framework for Electronic Exchange of Individu- ally Identified Health Information. The Framework is a short document containing eight principles designed to establish a consistent approach to addressing the pri- vacy and security challenges of online PHRs and elec- tronic health information exchanges (HIEs), regardless of whether or not the organization operating the PHR or HIE service is an entity covered by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) standards.
In keeping with the voluntary self-regulation and pub- lic-private partnership models encouraged by the Bush administration, these principles are not required stan- dards but are rather principles...expected to guide the actions of all health-related persons and entities that par-

Journal of Health Care Compliance ??" March ??" April 2009
39

HIPAA

ticipate in a network for the purpose of elec- tronic exchange of individually identifiable health information. (p. 6) The principles were developed after an ONC review of a variety of privacy and security standards, best practices, guidelines, and other docu- ments from authoritative sources such as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the International Secu- rity Trust and Privacy Alliance, the Federal Trade Commission, and the HIPAA privacy and security standards.
The eight principles are (1) individual access; (2) correction; (3) openness and transparency; (4) individual choice; (5) col- lection, use, and disclosure limitation; (6) data quality and integrity; (7) safeguards; and (8) accountability.
INDIVIDUAL ACCESS
Individuals should be provided with easy access to their online individually identifi- able health information. This principle em- phasizes that one of the main purposes of a PHR or an HIE should be to provide the information to individuals that they need to manage their health and health care. Even though HIPAA granted the individu- al the right to access his or her individual- ly identifiable health information, covered entities typically make access difficult and rarely provide online access. This principle comes down clearly in favor of providing easy electronic access to the full range of individually identifiable health informa- tion to patients.
CORRECTION
Individuals should have access to a straight- forward process for correcting what they believe are mistakes in their individually identifiable health information. There also should be a clear record of what was cor- rected and by whom. In cases in which the individual believes that the individually identifiable health information is incorrect and the clinician who created the infor- mation does not agree to change it, there should be a process for documenting, dis-
playing, and transmitting the individuals disagreement with the individually identi- fiable health information in question.
OPENNESS AND TRANSPARENCY
All policies, procedures, and technologies that are employed to collect and dissemi- nate individually identifiable health infor- mation should be made available to the in- dividual in an understandable form. Indi- viduals should be able to learn how their information is collected, who collects it, who sees it, how it is used, and what con- trol they have over the information. The policies and procedures governing the use and disclosure of individually identifiable health information should be available be- fore any uses and disclosures occur.
INDIVIDUAL CHOICE
Individuals should be provided with maxi- mum reasonable control over the use and disclosure of their individually identifiable health information. If possible, individuals should be allowed to control which specific types or specific items of individually iden- tifiable health information are disclosed to specific types of recipients or specific indi- vidual recipients.
COLLECTION, USE, AND DISCLOSURE LIMITATION
Individually identifiable health information should be collected, used, and disclosed only to the extent required to accomplish the pur- pose as specified in the policies and proce- dures associated with the use or disclosure.
DATA QUALITY AND INTEGRITY
Persons and entities collecting and trans- mitting data should take reasonable steps to ensure that individually dentifiable health information is complete, accurate, and up- to-date and that it has not been altered or destroyed in an unauthorized manner.
SAFEGUARDS
Persons and entities collecting and transmit- ting individually identifiable health informa-
CONTINUED ON PAGE 68







40
Journal of Health Care Compliance ??" March ??" April 2009


ELECTRONIC RESOURCES
CONTINUED FROM 38
Adverse Events in Hospitals: Case Study of Incidence Among Medicare Benefi- ciaries in Two Selected Counties (PDF) (OEI-06-08-00220): www.oig.hhs.gov/ oei/reports/oei-06-08-00220.pdf. Adverse Events in Hospitals: Overview of Key Issues (PDF) (OEI-06-07-00470): www.oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-06-07- 00470.pdf.
Adverse Events in Hospitals: State Re- porting Systems (PDF) (OEI-06-07- 00471): www.oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/ oei-06-07-00471.pdf.
HIPAA
CONTINUED FROM 40
tion should implement reasonable adminis- trative, technical, and physical safeguards to ensure its confidentiality, integrity, and availability and to prevent unauthorized or inappropriate access, use, or disclosure.
ACCOUNTABILITY
Implementation and adherence to these principles should be verified through ap- propriate auditing, monitoring, and other procedural and technical processes. Ro- bust comprehensive compliance monitor- ing systems should be in place to detect and correct problems and to mitigate harm caused by breaches.
Because the Framework is a guidance document, there is no statutory requirement for PHR vendors and others involved in the collection and transmission of individually identifiable health information to follow the principles outlined in the document. Like- wise, there are no sanctions or enforcement mechanisms that can be applied to those who do not follow the principles, but there are other factors in the PHR environment that will likely help ensure that these prin- ciples will be incorporated into PHRs.
The Certification Commission for Healthcare Information Technology
(CCHIT) is an independent, voluntary, private-sector initiative that has been des- ignated by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) as a recognized certification body for electronic health re- cords (EHRs) and their networks. CCHIT hasannouncedthatstartingin2009itwill certify PHRs. CCHIT has published a draft of the criteria it proposes to use to certi- fy PHRs. While the current draft incorpo- rates most of the principles contained in the Framework, CCHIT has announced that it will review and revise the current criteriatomakesuretheyareconsistent withtheeightFrameworkprinciples.
In the EHR market, CCHIT certifica- tion has established itself as a require- ment in the marketplace; for the most part providers will not accept any EHR that is not CCHIT certified. Thus, it is likely that CCHIT certification will become a de facto requirement for PHRs as well.
The report Nationwide Privacy and Se- curity Framework for Electronic Exchange of Individually Identified Health Informa- tion is available at www.hhs.gov/health- it/documents/NationwidePS_Framework. pdf. Certification Commission for Health- care Information Technology draft stan- dards for PHRs is available at www.cchit. org/files/comment/09/02/CCHITCriteri- aPHR09Draft02.pdf.
HEALTH INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
CONTINUED FROM 44
claims transactions. Intensive education of HIM coders should be in the final stages, and monitoring of coding accuracy and re- imbursement also can be completed.
Testing of claims with payers can begin up to six months prior to implementation and can include all components of ICD-10. As part of this testing, evaluate potential di- agnosis-related group (DRG) shifts, changes in case mix index, and potential changes in reimbursement. The estimated amount of







68
Journal of Health Care Compliance ??" March ??" April 2009

TOPIC:Technology and Cost Containment


In response to continually rising health care costs, the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) provision was created to promote the meaningful use of health care information technology through numerous incentive programs for health care providers. By enhancing data collection, streamlining electronic medical records, and increasing transparency, it is believed that significant cost savings can be realized as well as other positive outcomes. What are some of the tradeoffs involved in this type of policy?

To prepare:


Reflect on the challenges of containing health care costs in the U.S. presented in the Learning Resources and discussed by Dr. Kominski and Dr. Zelman in the media.

Consider how information technology may be used to address health care issues related to cost.

Examine the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) provision and its goals.

post a cohesive response that addresses the following:

1. Briefly summarize a significant challenge to containing health care costs.

2. How do policy makers envision technology could be utilized to address this challenge (above)? Provide at least one example to support your response.

3. Do you agree or disagree with the policy makers?
Describe why you agree or disagree and include one or more insights from this analysis that relate to the question of how information technology could, or could not, help contain costs while supporting health care reform initiatives.

Writers NAME: Wizzy

1. Select one of the following: Physician Practices, Pharmacy Systems, Radiology Systems. What benefits are derived from the technology when applied appropriately? What management, organizational, or technology issues exist with implementing the systems and utilizing them effectively?

2. Discuss the benefits that can be derived from a successful Patient Data-rich or PACS application systems solution. Also, discuss the challenges faced by the operational departments when implementing such solutions. How can IT departments help remedy those challenges?

Ball, M.J., Weaver, C.A. & Kiel, J.M. (2004). Healthcare information management systems: Cases, strategies, and solutions. NY: Springer.

Assignment Details: American History 1

Unit 1 Discussion

(1) Discuss the following questions
For this Discussion Board, please address the following question:
? Were the colonists justified in their conquering of the Native Americans, or should they have made more of an effort to peacefully coexist?
Major ideas that should be discussed include the following:
? Reasons for British colonization
? Examples of peaceful coexistence among settlers and Native Americans
? Examples of the conquering of Native Americans
Your opinion should be supported with facts from the reading, presentation, and sources from the Internet. Be sure to properly cite all materials in APA format.

Assignment Details: Management Information Systems for Healthcare Managers
(2) Discuss the following questions
What developments have led to the growth of health care information systems departments? What services do they provide?
Your discussion should include the following:
? The history of health care
? Developments in technology
? Relevant health care legislation
What do you think was the most important development in health care technology or legislation? Explain why.
Please cite any sources as per APA guidelines.


Assignment Details: Healthcare Quality Management
(3) Discuss the following questions
Discuss the differences between quality assurance and quality improvement. Your discussion should include the following:
? The role of health care professionals (e.g., physicians and nurses) in quality improvement
? The impact of quality improvement on the cost of health care
Your grade will be determined by your ability to complete the following:
? Provide a comprehensive and relevant explanation as to the differences between quality assurance and quality improvement.
? Specify the roles of health care professionals as they relate to quality improvement.
? Stress the impact of quality improvement on the cost of health care.
? Completely address the issue at hand in a direct, concise manner.
? Complete the assignment properly, and display a fundamental mastery of the material.
? Provide a progressive, dynamic approach that is interesting and persuasive to the reader.
? Produce a post that is free of grammatical and spelling errors. The paper should be well-organized with proper references where applicable.


**** These are three discussion questions, three different classes.
Thank you.

Future Reform

1.Predict the form and function of medical health records in 2030 (provide specific example to support your response).

2.Describe the most likely impediments to health care information access in 2030 and make at least two (2) recommendations to avert those impediments that can be implemented now.

3.Discuss the single most significant ?health care bake in? you could embed into organizational workflows and the probable impact it could eventually have.

4.Cite at least two (2) references from peer-reviewed sources to support your argumentation