Math background quiz achievement by major and gender

¶ … ANOVA for Datasets

The first step is to carry out the descriptive statistics, and output of the descriptive statistics is as follows:

Descriptive Statistics

Dependent Variable: Math Background Quiz

Major

Gender

Mean

Deviation

psychology major

Female

Male

Total

pre-med

Female

Male

Total

biology

Female

Male

Total

sociology

Female

Male

Total

economics

Female

Male

Total

Total

Female

Male

Total

The next step is to carry out the test Between-Subjects effects, and the output is as follows:

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Dependent Variable: Math Background Quiz

Type III Sum of Squares

df

Mean Square

F

Sig.

Corrected Model

9

1.782

.086

Intercept

55385.376

1

55385.376

.000

Major

4

2.691

.037

Gender

98.536

1

98.536

1.188

.279

Major * Gender

4

78.497

.947

.442

Error

75

82.932

Total

79383.000

85

Corrected Total

84

a. R Squared = .176

Adjusted R Squared = .077

The multiple comparisons are the next step:

Multiple Comparisons

Dependent Variable: Math Background Quiz

Tukey HSD

(I) Major

(J) Major

Mean Difference (I-J)

Std. Error

Sig.

95% Confidence Interval

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

psychology major pre-med

-1.45

2.696

.983

-8.98

6.09

biology

5.39

2.772

.303

-2.36

13.14

sociology

1.60

3.198

.987

-7.34

10.54

economics

-5.78

3.699

.527

-16.12

4.57

pre-med psychology major

1.45

2.696

.983

-6.09

8.98

biology

6.84

2.883

.135

-1.22

14.90

sociology

3.05

3.295

.886

-6.16

12.26

economics

-4.33

3.784

.783

-14.90

6.25

biology psychology major

-5.39

2.772

.303

-13.14

2.36

pre-med

-6.84

2.883

.135

-14.90

1.22

sociology

-3.79

3.358

.791

-13.18

5.60

economics

-11.16*

3.838

.037

-21.89

-.44

sociology psychology major

-1.60

3.198

.987

-10.54

7.34

pre-med

-3.05

3.295

.886

-12.26

6.16

biology

3.79

3.358

.791

-5.60

13.18

economics

-7.37

4.157

.396

-18.99

4.24

economics psychology major

5.78

3.699

.527

-4.57

16.12

pre-med

4.33

3.784

.783

-6.25

14.90

biology

11.16*

3.838

.037

.44

21.89

sociology

7.37

4.157

.396

-4.24

18.99

Based on observed means.

The error term for the Mean Square (Error) = 82.932.

*. The .05 is the statistically significant level.

ANOVA Results

The study uses the ANOVA to determines the relationships between female and male students in the school majors as well as their relationship to their math background quiz achievement. The study codes data as follows:

1 = psychology major,

2 = pre-med,

3 = biology,

4 = sociology, and

5 = economics.

Similarly, the gender is coded as follow:

1 = female and

2 = male.

The main effect on gender is (p = 0.279, F (1,36) = 1.188). The effect on major is (p = 0.037, F (1,36) = 2.691) as well as the effect on gender X major at (p =0 .442, F (1,36) = 0.947). Meanwhile, there is a significant effect between effect on gender (p = 0.279, F (1,36) = 1.188), where the main effect on major is (p =0 .037, F (1,36) = 2.691). The interaction effect on gender X major is (p = .442, F (1,36) = 0.947).

However, the result shows that the main effects on gender, and interaction between major and gender is significant. Typically, female participant\'s majors in psychology (p =. 9.59, F (1,36) = 29.87,), biology major (p = 10.23, F (1,36) = 28.70,) and sociology major (p = 5.263, F (1,36) =28.89,) are significantly better than male\'s participants in pre-med major male (p =. 7.259, F (1,36) = 31.17) and economics major (p = 10.231, F (1,36) = 35.80).