Sign Up Now
Get instant access to over 1 million+ study documents
OR
Already registered? click here to login
By creating your account, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and student honor code.
Perinatal HIV Transmission
Aggregate Population
One of the more tragic consequences of the HIV / AIDS pandemic is the prevalence of infected children. An estimated 4 million children have been diagnosed with the disease worldwide since HIV was first described in 1981 and greater than 90% of these infections occurred perinatally (Lundy and Janes, 2009, p. 468). Children's immune systems are especially vulnerable to HIV and they typically progress to developing AIDs quickly; rarely to they survive to adulthood and are often are faced with losing one or more parents to the disease.
Causes of Perinatal HIV Transmission
In more developed countries almost all HIV infections in newborns are acquired from HIV-infected mothers perinatally (Lundy and Janes, 2009, p. 468). In the United States these infections are more likely to occur because the mothers had little or no access to quality prenatal care. Access to prenatal care in the United States is divided along racial lines, with African-American...
The effectiveness of treating pregnant mothers with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was revealed when the perinatal HIV transmission rate was reduced from 25-30% to less than 2% with HAART treatment.
Worldwide there were 430,000 children born with HIV in 2009, out of a total of 2.7 million new infections overall (Wang and Ho, 2011, p. 973). Close to one third of these infections were incubated within the intravenous drug user community, and together with other forms of substance abuse, represents the biggest factor driving HIV infection rates in the U.S. And other countries. The reason HIV is so prevalent among this population is in part due to the negative effects substance abuse has on immune health, which in turn creates conditions favorable for increased viral pathogenicity and maternal viral load (Wang and Ho, 2011, p. 976). The helps explain why HIV-infected pregnant women are more likely to transmit HIV…
References
Lundy, Karen Saucier and Janes, Sharyn. (2009). Community Health Nursing: Caring for the Public's Health (2nd Ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers
Wang, Xu and Ho, Wen-Zhe. (2011). Drugs of abuse and HIV infection/replication: Implications for mother-fetus transmission. Life Sciences, 88, 972-979.
Population Growth What products and services will interest these new youth markets? The products and services in demand will be those that are most popular in other areas of the world. This is because they have similar tastes and want to own these items. A few of the most notable include: electronics, clothing and toys. At the same time, they will eat foods that have more Western tastes (such as: KFC). The
Inflation is also one of the few economic concepts that is generally understood and watched by the lay public because when the general level of prices rises, people's wages can buy less and less of the goods and services that they need. Thus inflation can thus also be seen as a devaluation of the purchasing power of money. The inflation rate is an annualized rate that designates the percentage
Data Collection Tool Aggregate Objective of this paper is to design the data collection tool to be used for the aggregate population. The study uses both survey and semi-structure interview as the data collection tools. The survey is used to collect demographic background of the participants while the study uses the semi-structured interview to collect the health issues of participants. Data Collection Technique Used This study uses the mixed method as data
aggregate expenditure model to explain the impact of the housing boom on investment and consumption spending. In order to determine the relation between the housing boom and the rise of prices, which are probably caused by greater demand in the housing sector, all factors which may produce shifts in the production function must be analyzed. The model proposed by Keynes suggests that each monetary unit spent on something must be
Introduction The concept of population health management refers to understanding and managing health outcomes at the population, rather than the individual level. Cousins et al (2002) highlight that risk levels for different ailments and conditions can vary by populations, so breaking down a population demographically can help to understand how risk varies. Their study showed that predictive modeling can be used to identify risk levels for different conditions among different populations.
However, because of the long-term sustained economic growth engendered by dual-income families, wages have increased. Women have also increasingly sought professional degrees to further their earning power, to the point where they outnumber men on many college campuses across the nation. As the average household income has increased, more goods and services are being purchased overall and prices have gone up -- although the prices of many 'necessary' goods