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(1993), as well as
Hajema, Knobbed, & Drop, (1999), the fact that Glenn has not yet experienced any significantly negative consequences attributable to his alcohol consumption operates as a specific risk factor in it continuation. Similarly, because adverse consequences of addiction is ordinarily the primary motivation for patients' acknowledgment of the problem or their seeking any treatment independently, the absence of specific consequences (Hajema, Knobbed, & Drop, 1999) and the positive reinforcement of his peers (Begun, 1993) both contribute to Glenn's failure to recognize his increasing alcoholism.
Furthermore, the fact that alcohol is available in Glenn's home presents an additional risk factor, because it facilitates his drinking at home in the setting where
Glenn specifically resorts to alcohol as a coping mechanism. Drinking precipitated by such use for this purpose is associated with greater risk in terms of developing alcoholism than alcohol consumption in other more positive scenarios like social drinking
(Cunningham, Sobell, & Sobell, et al., 1993).
In addition, the fact that Glenn's mother is simultaneously engaged in her own battle with alcoholism in which she is intent on hiding her own pattern of consumption
(even from Glenn) presents another risk factor because it prevents her from confronting
Glenn over the obvious disappearance of alcohol from her household supply. Despite the fact that Glenn's mother has noticed the increasing rate that her alcohol supplies in the home have been consumed recently, she has not yet confronted...
Finally, the fact that both of Glenn's parents have exhibited specific tendencies with respect to alcoholism presents a substantial additional risk factor by virtue of the established role of genetic predisposition and addiction in general (Hajema,
Knobbed, & Drop, 1999) and alcoholism in particular (Begun, 1993).
Ultimately, Glenn presents a combination of multiple concurrent risk factors like genetics, the availability of alcohol in the home, and peer group reinforcement, all of which put him at increased risk of alcoholism. Glenn faces other risk factors like his mother's purposeful ignorance of the situation and the absence of negative consequences so far, both of which specifically undermine his ability to recognize the problem.
References
Begun, AL. "Human behavior and the social environment: the vulnerability, risk, and resilience model." Journal of Social Work Education 1993; 29(1): 26-36.
Retrieved April 9, 2009, from www.epnet.com.
Cunningham, JA; Sobell, LC; Sobell, MB; Agrawal, S; Toneatte, T. "Barriers to treatment: Why alcohol and drug abusers delay or never seek treatment"
Addictive Behaviors 1993; 18(3):347 -- 353. Retrieved April 10, 2009 from www.CengageResearch.com.
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