Analects of Confucius Philosophy

"The Analects of Confucius" is still relevant in the present business, social and political environment because many successful leaders in China and East Asia still use the Confucius leadership styles and teaching to train their subordinates. Increasing number of political and business leaders have inculcated moral and ethical values in the business practice. Moreover, the teaching of Confucius is still integrated into the ethics taught in the institution of higher learnings globally.

"The Analects of Confucius" (Eno 1) were the Chinese ideas and sayings that were written 500 BC, which was traditionally attributed to ideas of Confucius. However, his students wrote much of the actual texts over time spanning between 30 and 50 years after his death. While the exact date of the publication of The Analects in the Chinese language is not known, and Lu and Qi versions were the versions known today. Zhang Yu, which was the teacher of Emperor Cheng compiled this version "towards the end of the Western Han Dynasty." (Eno 1). Thus, this version became known as "the Marquis Zhang Analects." (Eno 1). Essentially, the Analects has influenced the Chinese philosophical and moral values as well as the values of the Eastern Asia. Over several centuries, the texts have been regarded as the Chinese fundamental study for more than two thousand years. During Sui Dynasty, the government initiated the candidate ability to apply the Confucian logic and philosophy.

"The Analects of Confucius" (Eno 1) is a collection of ideas and sayings attributed to Chinese philosophers named Confucius and his Disciples. Thus, the author of the book is Confucius and his Disciples, and the book is written between 475 BC -211 BC during the period of Warring States. However, since the book was written in a Chinese language, Robert Eno translated the book into English, and was first translated into English in 1990. However, Robert Eno translated the book in 2003 and was revised in 2012 and 2015.

The book composes of the song dynasty between 960 and 1279 and recognized as "Four Book." The Analects is one of the most widely studied books and read in China within the last 2,000 years. The book still has a substantial influence on the Chinese and Asian thought, which is still valued till today. Moreover, Confucianism thought influences the Chinese moral values.

The context of the "Analects of Confucius" (Eno 1) is based on anthology presenting the Confucius philosophical woes and his disciples. His disciples identified Confucius as a man and recounting events of his life. After Confucius died in 479 BCE, his immediate disciples assembled his works that reflected the ideas of his work. Part of the context of the book is titled Lunyu that is referred as conversation. Modern scholars believe that the text has joined together over two or three centuries, which has been believed to be the reliable record of the words of Confucius or events viewed by Confucius. The Confucius contents are similar to the biblical gospels and both texts bear some resemblance.

"Confucius" is the name that English speaker referred as Kong Qiun born in 511 BCE near the Shandong Peninsula, which was a strong state known as Zhou. In the classical era, the texts were written with ink and brush on the strips of bamboo. The strips allowed to be written the two dozen characters in each strip. The Analects composed of 500 independent passages divided into 20 books featuring different chapters that produce Confucius' quotes compiled by his disciples after his death. The Book 1 of the texts consists of the general introduction describing the various work of his disciples. The Book II deals with the issues related to governance. However, Book III and Book IV are based on the core texts of the book outlining the ideology of Confucius. Moreover, much of the concepts in the book are concerned with the gentleman, Tao, the Way, virtue of goodness or Jen. The literary meaning of the Way or the Tao is referred as path or road. In other words, it is referred as the manner work is done, doctrine and method employed in carrying it out. Typically, Confucius referred Tao to be under Heaven, which is referred as a good path or way to achieve superior moral ends.

The contexts also referred to the self-conduct and the way the kingdom was ruled. The context Jen in the book is referred as "humanity" or "goodness." The chunt-Tzu or gentleman possess these qualities. Moreover, the chintz or gentleman is the central focus in The Analects as well other concepts generally be used regarding the persona. In the book, the gentleman follows the Way, which acts in accordance with the beliefs and morals non-common among individuals. The use of the concept gentleman described by Chun-Tzu conjured the image of the aristocrat existence. Moreover, there are similarities between the concept Nietzsche's, and Ubermensch. Another suggested translation is a "superior man."

Ritual or Li is another core concept in the book that entails importance of enhancing a greater understanding of Tao. The general principles of moral are pure historical knowledge, which we can refer as good manner. Alternatively, the concept moral is referred as good manners, and fair affectation, which are the characteristics of a gentleman.

The Analects in its historical context revealing the event that surrounds the struggle of his doctrine.

"For over two thousand years, Confucian philosophy has been closely related to the Chinese imperial system as an ideological tool for rulers. It has played a major role in unifying China and has become a force in molding the mentality and temperament of the Chinese people. Confucian philosophy is an inexhaustible source of values, wisdom and rules for good conduct, and has succeeded in finding a place in the modern world of leadership and followership." (Dhakhwa, and Enriquez, 13).

In the Sixty century, the powerful families and warlord could gain control of the state Lu, marginalizing and undermining the ducal house. The function and structure of the government were altered; however, Confucius seek for Cho tradition, which has been the norm in China because he saw this a way battering the legitimacy. Meanwhile, Confucius and disciples had sought for various leaders' audience in Lu to assist bringing the respected traditional back. However, Confucius's plan failed, and he left Lu after he was convinced that the rulers there were not the rulers who should be present. Thus, he started traveling around seeking for that ruler, all these were captured in the texts. Based on the invitation of Jan Ch'iu, Confucius returned to Lu teaching young men the Chou traditions.