Biological Changes Agricultural Evolution Cultigens Humans

Archaeologists have observed many changes in cultigens, in which common beans have been of highlight. It was domesticated around 8000 years ago in South America and central Mexico (Castro-Guerrero et al. 3). Although these events took place separately, two distinct genetic pools came into being for the beans naming Mesoamerican and Andean (Fienman and Price 253). Afterward, they were distributed to several other parts, such as northern Mexico, Colombia, Peru, and Argentina. The dried beans of these pools were circulated in other regions to address food insecurity and nutrient deficiency issues. The number of nutrients like proteins was changed in different pools in different regions. The reasons for such changes in cultigens included the presence of favorable environmental conditions in which they grew, the needs of the population of a specific region, and the health requirements of those people.

Archaeologists have also seen the biological and physical changes in human skeletons. In one of the early human civilizations, the researchers noted that they had small heads short in height but strong enough (Fienman and Price 47). They lived in groups. Their small heads had human molars and teeth called the small canine. Hands and legs were heavy with the upright position of the pelvis. The changes were observed in males and females, distinctly along with children and old age people with further studies. The reason could be a change of occupation for the humans, from hunting to agriculture, where extra bones were found in some human skeletons in early discoveries that were now missing from the skeletal system. The joint bone evolution could be considered a response to physical activity required in agriculture. In the same way, when the agriculture of various plants and crops was started, the diet also changed. The levels of physical strength were evolved with the change of skeleton built.