It also consists of "the transfer of ownership on fixed assets (assets such as equipment used in the production process to generate income), the transfer of funds received to the sale or acquisition of fixed assets, gift and inheritance taxes, death levies, and, finally, uninsured damage to fixed assets" (Heakal 2009).
The final component of the BOP is the financial account, which is comprised of international monetary flows, such as "business, real estate, bonds and stocks" and "government-owned assets such as foreign reserves, gold, special drawing rights (SDRs) held with the International Monetary Fund" (Heakal 2009). Direct foreign investment is included in the financial account, as are private and public assets owned by foreigners, and private assets held abroad (Heakal 2009).
Double-entry bookkeeping is used to compute the BOP. When deploying this method, "the balance-of-payments...
Representatives of these three categories are all found in the current account, the capital account and the financial account. But a greater proportion of examples of these categories may be present to a greater degree in certain components of the BOP than in other categories.
Ghana was ranked at 67.5 that depicts that the country is in the median range of being a failed state (FFP, ffp.statesindex.org). This ranking is significantly better as compared to other African countries but significant improvement is desired. Mounting demographic pressures and internal displacement of population of Ghana is within the medium range. Poverty index, part of the failed state index, is at 6.0 for Ghana that represents that
political scenario illustrated that governments all over the globe are making their immigration rules more stringent because of the rise in terrorism; the implication of this phenomenon is a decrease in international traveling, which endangers continuance of a number of airlines, including Nigeria's Arik Air (Eze, 2010). Hofstede's power distance dimension denotes the degree to which unequal distribution of power is anticipated and accepted by the lower ranking members