Management accountability to stakeholders first requires consideration of who those stakeholders are. When considering financial accountability, the primary defined stakeholders for annual reports are the shareholders or owners of the firm (Elliott and Elliott, 2013). Therefore, this establishes the need for management accountability towards this group of stakeholders, the process which is satisfied not only for annual accounts, but also from quarterly earnings as well as other statements. However, there

Budgeting as an Adequate Tool for Planning and Control in Organizations: A budget apart from being a coordinated and comprehensive financial plan for the resources and operations of a given future period is also intended to promote the managerial functions of control and planning. Over the years a budget has been perceived as a tool for forced planning as it constitutes the most important and basic management functions since other managerial

This lack of mindfulness, when applied to the education system, can lead to sudden and unexpected change. The authors appear to believe that this is, by association, an affliction of the leadership position, which makes it all the more important to involve the public in the decision-making process. To increase mindfulness, Boleman and Deal (p. 11) suggest the construction of frames, which are basically a type of map by means

Operating expenses include selling and administrative expense. Ordinarily, a forecast or budget for selling expenses is prepared together with the sales budget or profit target because selling efforts such as promotions, commissions and salaries of the sales staff are directly related to sales. Selling expenses may either be variable or fixed. Administrative expenses include projected administrative costs for other than production or selling activities. These expenses are mostly composed of

Budgeting High Quality Sources Innovation in budgeting models and approaches Innovation in budgeting models and approaches While budgets are the point of concern today not only for nations, organizations and families but also for individuals, it is vital to understand what budgeting is and how it is used, what are different models of budgeting and how these can be innovatively improved. Budgets are the quantitative representation of tasks. The budgets tell how an activity

Due to Ford's international presence, this database needed to be accessible remotely, and so the database was created to have remote access from any browser in Ford's locations in 120 countries. Utilizing this technology is a fundamental piece of Ford's mission, therefore it was important to make sure that technology used would be accessible and easily manageable by its employees. Since the technology used is simple enough to be