Typologies of terrorist groups and their importance for categorization

Cause of Terrorism

Terrorism

Despite the fact that terrorism has been with us since the beginning of recorded history, there exists no clear cut definition of this phenomenon. Definitions that have thus far been given take into account the aspects of tactic and strategy; fulfillment of holy duties; reaction to oppression; and inexcusable abomination. Definitions therefore take into account the point-of-view that is represented. When a conflict arises between a weaker side and a militaristically endowed entity, the weaker side always resorts to terrorism (Transnational Terrorism, 2008). The secretive nature of terrorist organizations and their size does impact their "aggressors" negatively because of absence of a clear organization to defend against. Terrorism therefore means systematic use of terror with a view to coercing an opponent (Transnational Terrorism, 2008). This paper explores whether there is a main cause of terrorism. It also details the importance of categorizing terrorist groups into one of the four designated typologies.

Causes of terrorism are diverse and there can never be a main cause of terrorism. Going back to the history of pre-independent U.S.A and Kenya to mention but a few countries, the natives coerced the ruling elites into granting them independence by engaging in terrorism to spearhead their political agenda (Transnational Terrorism, 2008). In Kenya, the MAU MAU used widespread violence to coerce the British government into granting them independence. Terrorist organizations can also consciously design their activities to create and maintain a high degree of fear for coercive purposes which culminate into individual or collective gain as opposed to achievement of political objectives. There are nations that are ruled by despots whose objective is to instill fear in the citizens (Ahmad, 2001). The degree of oppression meted on the citizens is similar to terrorism. Such governments use state terrorisms to achieve their political objectives. There are also individuals or organizations that engage in terrorism to advance their religious objectives. Terrorist organizations that have claimed responsibility in the past incidences of terrorist acts have justified such acts on religious grounds. Religious terrorism is aimed at either spreading or enforcing a system of belief, viewpoint or opinion (Ahmad, 2001). It does define and individual's or a group's interpretation of belief system's teachings. Terrorism is therefore occasioned by a number of factors ranging from political to religious reasons. It is however, very difficult to separate these factors especially when it comes to international terrorism where perpetrators are more than ready to justify their acts on religious grounds (Ahmad, 2001).