Sign Up Now
Get instant access to over 1 million+ study documents
OR
Already registered? click here to login
By creating your account, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and student honor code.
¶ … cells require a layer to separate the inside of the cell from the outside world. Cells have a semi-permiable membrane which controls what can and cannot enter the cell. In animal cells, as well as some others, this membrane is all that separates the cell from its surroundings. Plant cells, and many single-celled organisms such as bacteria have a rigid cell wall beyond the membrane that provides structure. (Buck) Cell membranes act as the cell's gatekeeper, but are not especially rigid or strong. Cell walls can limit the entry of certain types of molecules, but they do not provide the fine-grained traffic control function of the membrane. Cell walls, however are rigid and strong.
Cell membranes are semi-permeable; they only allow certain molecules to enter and exit. Some molecules, such as water can pass through the membrane through osmosis or diffusion. This process does not require any energy to be expended, or any action on the part of the cell. It is therefore referred to as "passive transport." (Wolf) Other molecules can enter and exit the cell through active transport, a process that requires energy. Active transport involves specialized structures in the cell membrane moving specific types of molecules in to and out of the cell when the pressure from osmosis or diffusion is trying to move them in the opposite direction. (Andreas)
The cell wall has a simpler function; to provide rigidity to the otherwise soft cell and protection from the outside world, much like an insect's exoskeleton. Cell walls can also act as storage for carbohydrates in plants, and a barrier against toxins in fungi. (Buck) Pathogenic bacteria use their cell walls as protection against attack by the immune system. Many antibiotics exploit this by attacking the cell wall, eliminating the bacterium's protection. The combination of a cell wall and a cell membrane can make such cells quite robust relative to cells that only have a membrane.
Andreas, Lpp. "Cell Biology." WikiBooks. February, 2005. http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cell_biology
Buck, Jim. "Cell Wall." Wikipedia. July, 2005. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_wall
Wolf, Jfd. "Cell Membrane." Wikipedia. July, 2005. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_membrane
They are composed of a double membrane, one side of which separates it from the cytosol, and the other side of which contains the material that it is transporting. Their membranes can be joined with the plasma membrane to deliver material into and out of the cell, and can be fused with other organelles to gather material for digestion, storage, or transport. Cilia: Along with the flagella, the cilia are
Enzymes 1. How does temperature affect enzyme function? Every enzyme demonstrates maximum activity at a particular temperature known as its optimum temperature. Generally, all enzymes are inactivated at temperatures below 10°C and get denatured (lose its three-dimensional protein nature) above its optimum temperature (Seager & Slabaugh 2010). Experiments conclude that enzyme activity increases by almost ten percent coupled to each degree rise in temperature until it reaches its optimum state and declines beyond
Cell Junctions - Tight Junctions and Adherens Junctions There are a number of specialized junctional complexes in epithelial cells, formed by molecules that are different from CAMs and SAMs. These comprise of tight junctions, gap junctions, adherens junctions, and desmosomes; gap junctions can in addition form stuck between cell aggregates in condensing mesenchyme. All of these are well-formed and sometimes elaborate supramolecular structures carrying out various functions, ranging from electrical and
"The initial response to acute inflammation includes a rapid drop in numbers of circulating eosinophils, a rapid accumulation of eosinophils at the periphery of the inflammation site and an inhibition of egress of eosinophils from the bone marrow" (Bass, 1976, p.870). Basophils- Basophils are one of the least common granulocytes and they make their appearance during certain inflammation, especially those that deal will allergies. They have two main functions during
Plant Cell and describes the structure & function of each part Parts of a Plant Cell: Cell Wall' Protoplast': is bounded by a Cell Membrane and contains Cytoplasm, which consists of: Vacuoles Organelles (consists of Plastids, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Golgi Apparatus & Endoplasmic Reticulum) Nucleus Structure and Functions of Each Part Cell Wall: The Cell Wall is composed mainly of Cellulose whose molecules are joined together in fibrils as layers and contains openings to make it permeable. Most
Meiosis, Transpiration, Monocots, Dicots, Plant Cell, Angiosperms, Fungi, Algae The Events of Meiosis and the Importance of Prophase 1 Generally, meiosis has two divisions of events. Each constitutes 4 phases of same names but of different division number. They are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. From Meiosis of Access Excellence, the events in meiosis can be summarized as the following. Prophase 1 - chromosomes duplicate into a pair of chromatid. Later, exchanging of