Child sexual abuse material and exploitation

Child Pornography

Annotated Bibliography

Crofts, T and Lee, M. (2008). 'Sexting', Children and Child Pornography'. Journal of Criminology. Vol 35:85

This article focuses on the practice of children using the new media like YouTube, Facebook and Myspace to distribute the sexually explicit images known as 'sexting'. The authors have discussed the issues considering the legal frameworks and blamed the current laws for child exploitation. They point out the inability of the current legislation to discriminate between the activities and different levels of potential harm. This technical study concludes that the current legislative framework has the potential to produce more harms to many of the practices that actually seek to regulate.

Horward, T. (2004). 'Don't Cache Out Your Case: Prosecuting Child Pornography in Possession

Laws based on Images Located in Temporary Internet Files'. Berkley Technology Law

Journal [Vol. 19:1227 -- 1273].

Horward Ty, the author of this article has highlighted the issue of prosecution of child pornography based on the images in the internet files. This article provides technical knowledge regarding child pornography, reviews the case law and introduces two conceptual approaches; the Present Possession approach and the Evidence Of approach. In general it is a good article for gaining the knowledge of the topic.

Kreston, S. (2007). 'Trafficking in children in South Africa: An analysis of pending legislation'

Child Abuse Research in South Africa, Vol 8 (1), 35-50

The author of this article is the professor in the department of criminal and medical law. She provides in this article, the overview of trafficking in human beings and focuses mainly on children. She has written this article about the people of South Africa and highlights the three pieces of South African Legislation, about the trafficking in human being, prevention and protection of the victims.

Schoettle, U. (2010). Child Exploitation: A Study of Child Pornography. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry. Volume 19, Issue 2. Pages 289-299.

Dr. Shuttle, the author of this article is a Staff psychiatrist. He describes the story of a young girl in this article, who gets involved in the circle of child pornography. The article discusses in detail, the differences and similarities between different types of sexual abuses and child pornography. In addition, the article also explores different treatments for handling the issues.

Walters, J and Davis, P. (2011). Human Trafficking, Sex Tourism, and Child Exploitation on the Southern Border. Human Trafficking. Volume 2, Article 6, Issue 1,

This article considers child sexual exploitation considers as one of the complex problems and a crime that remains in shadows. Authors discuss in this article how different human right, government agencies and law enforcement groups are trying to handle this problem. This article is a useful resource as it explains the challenges faced in handling this problem and the training required for the investigators to handle this serious issue of society.

Wells, M., Finkelhor, D, Wolak and Kimberly. (2007). 'Defining Child Pornography: Law

Enforcement Dilemmas in Investigations of Internet Child'. Police Practice and Research,

Vol. 8, No. 3, July 2007, pp. 269 -- 282

This article discusses the increasing child sex crime using the computer and internet technology. In order to better understand the problem, it explores the investigations of law enforcement dilemmas in child pornography possession in which no offender was arrested. The authors suggest the need for global infrastructure to support investigations, the need to increase law enforcement agencies resources and the need to for using latest technology for investigations.

Westlake, G., Martin, B and Richard, F. (2011) "Finding the Key Players in Online Child

Exploitation Networks," Policy & Internet: Vol. 3: Iss. 2, Article 6.

This article focuses on the role of internet in the growth of child exploitation. Authors have pointed out that it is not possible to completely shut the websites but some steps are required to stop the child exploitation due to pornography. This study investigates the structure of ten different child exploitation websites, including some sports websites and suggests the possible measures for identifying the targets. In addition, the article also discusses the policy implications.