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Immune System and Chronic Pain
Chronic pain management
Differences between acute and chronic pain
Acute pain develops suddenly and is caused by something specific and only lasts for a short duration, usually a few days or weeks, not longer than six months. On the other hand, chronic pain develops slowly and may become worse over a long time, lasting months and, in some cases, years. Pain signals remain active inside the nervous system for an extended period.
A multidisciplinary treatment program for chronic pain
An interdisciplinary treatment program for chronic pain includes the following treatment categories as discussed below;
Medications
There are broad categories of medications, including non-opioids and opioids, which are considered for use. Appropriate medication is based on the diagnosis and mechanisms of pain, in addition to related comorbidities resulting from a thorough history, physical examination, and any other relevant procedures. This also involves a risk-benefit assessment indicating the benefits of a medication plan outweighing the risks (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2020).
Restorative therapies
These include therapies implemented by occupational therapists and physical therapists such as physiotherapy and other therapeutic exercises, which are valuable elements of multimodal chronic pain care.
Interventional approaches
These comprise image-guided and less invasive techniques as therapeutic and diagnostic treatment modalities for chronic pain. Procedures such as trigger point injections, neuro-modulation, cryo neuro ablation, and radiofrequency ablation are reviewed (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2020).
Behavioral health approaches
These are approaches for the social, cognitive, behavioral, emotional, and psychological aspects of pain. These elements can have a key impact on the outcomes of the treatment plan. Patients with behavioral health comorbidities and pain experience challenges that can aggravate the condition and function.
Complementary and integrative health
These consist of modalities...…through the healing process to help with any mental issues he might be going through.
I also recommend that he joins one of the education services to integrate with the rehabilitation process since these services have been scientifically proven b to improve occupational outcomes (Tramir et al., 1998). He could also be placed in a job position that he can easily manage, bearing in mind that his current situation cannot do heavy work activities.
Treatment modalities for chronic pain
Treatment modalities that constitute a multi-modality approach to managing chronic pain include, but are not limited to, ablative techniques (chemical denervation, cryoneurolysis or cryoablation, and thermal intradiscal procedures), acupuncture (including traditional acupuncture and electroacupuncture techniques), electrical nerve stimulations (including neuromodulation and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation), less invasive spinal procedures (like vertebroplasty and percutaneous disc decompression), and pharmacologic management which include anticonvulsants, anti-depressants, opioids…
References
American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Chronic Pain Management. (2010). Practice guidelines for chronic pain management: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Chronic Pain Management and the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine. Anesthesiology, 112, 810-833.
Innes, S. I. (2005). Psychosocial factors and their role in chronic pain: A brief review of the development and current status. Chiropractic & Osteopathy, 13(1), 1-5.
Tram?r, D. M., Williams, J. E., Carroll, D., Wiffen, P. J., Moore, R. A., & McQuay, H. J. (1998). Comparing analgesic efficacy of non?steroidal anti?inflammatory drugs by different acute and chronic pain routes: a systematic qualitative review. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 42(1), 71-79.
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