Cognitive Behavioral Theory and Counseling

Mental health practices are grounded in theories, frameworks that provide a focus for how to conceptualize problems, communicate causal variables, and devise and implement therapeutic solutions. Behaviorism, psychodynamics, cognitive psychology, and humanistic approaches are often considered distinct from one another but can in some cases be integrated into unifying frameworks for mental health counseling. Whereas basic behaviorism sometimes discounted a client’s emotional state, cognitive-behavioral theories offer an ideal opportunity to investigate how a person’s dysfunctional thought patterns cause unwanted behaviors. Counselors can use cognitive-behavioral theory to offer clients solution-focused outcomes and strategic interventions.

Cognitive-behavioral theory may not be effective for treating serious psychiatric conditions like bipolar disorder or schizophrenia, which typically require medication interventions (Johnsen & Friborg, 2015). However, cognitive-behavioral therapies can supplement other types of interventions to allow a client to develop effective coping mechanisms. Cognitive-behavioral therapies are especially helpful for describing, explaining, and predicting mental health disorders with behavioral components like addiction and eating disorders (Fairburn, Cooper & Shafran, 2003). The cognitive-behavioral theoretical foundation shows how thought patterns, biases, attitudes, and beliefs impact self-concept, attitudes towards others, and the ability to cope with stress.