Social Integration Is One of the Most

Social integration is one of the most important factors influencing the decision of first year college students to continue studies into the next year. Although certainly not the only factor, social integration can make the difference between student retention and student drop out. Tinto's model of student retention shows that academic integration, goal commitment, individual attributes, family attributes, and a host of other issues will impact a student's decision to stay or leave an academic institution (Draper, 2008). Draper (2008) points out that of the factors that impact student retention, academic and social integration are the most important.

Empirical research highlights the importance of social integration on a student's collegiate experience during the first year of school. Research shows "a student's sense of belonging is largely built upon feelings of acceptance as an individual and as part of a community," (Bagunu, 2009). A feeling of acceptance creates the sociological and psychological conditions that are conducive to staying for the duration of a degree program. Moreover, the sense that one is part of a community can become a major motivating factor in whether to remain at a specific university or college. When a student participates in social activities and events, makes friends, and feels a part of campus life, there are fewer reasons to seek an education elsewhere. A "sense of connection" has a positive impact on "the quality of learning and social life on campus," (Bagunu, 2009). On the other hand, loneliness can be a major reason for students dropping out after their first year.

Social integration can be defined as a sense of belonging or community. Factors like "fitting in" with other students will impact social integration. However, there are other ways that the university leaders can create an ambiance that is conducive to social integration for freshmen. Fostering free speech, tolerance of diversity, and open-mindedness are major keys to the creation of an environment conducive to social integration (Bagunu, 2009). Students who are encouraged to express their opinions, even about controversial matters, are more likely to feel accepted by the community and integral to campus life. Campus life should be constructed of a diverse group of students from various backgrounds. A heterogeneous campus is one that welcomes all students, encouraging them to view themselves as important to the overall health and character of student life.