Communication Theories in Relationships

Dramatism and Theory of Narrative as applied in early stages of a relationship

In understanding the dynamics and nature of human relationships and interaction, two important theories emerge to aptly describe how these processes are conducted: Dramatism and the Theory of Narrative. Dramatism, formulated by Kenneth Burke, brings into focus the significance of act or action in communication and interaction. More than a motion or movement, actions are considered as "purposeful, voluntary behaviors" wherein reality and meaning are interpreted and given essence by the communicator. The theory of narrative by Walter Fisher, meanwhile, centers on the importance of narratives as primary determinants in motivating the communicator to interact in a particular manner. While Burke's Dramatism involves actions, Fisher's theory includes the role of stories as factors that shape the actions and rational thought of the individual while communicating and interacting.

In understanding the nature of early stages in a relationship, both Burke and Fisher's theories work together and complement each other in describing the ways an individual acts and thinks during the early stages of establishing a relationship with another individual or group.

In the realm of Dramatism, the early stage of establishing a relationship is best characterized through the concept of "identification through mystification." This concept is identified as a strategy of identification, wherein the individual tries to convey his/her identity through actions. There are various ways in which an individual can convey his/her identity, and these are through material, idealistic, or formal identifications. Dramatism is present when an individual interacts with another through materials, such as ownership or likeness for a specific material, such as cars, books, or clothing. Communicators can also establish relationships and interact better through similarities in ideas and feelings (idealistic identification) or belonging to the same organization or affiliation (formal identification). Thus, people can relate and interact with each other through manifest actions that reflect the individual's feelings, thoughts and opinions, as well as trivial information about him/her.