Concept analysis of patient safety in primary care nursing

Patient Safety in Primary Care Introduction Patient safety in nursing features an immediate impact on the caliber of treatment in healthcare environments, the proficiency of medical service providers, and general individual fulfillment. The volume of conditions, treatment options, as well as innovative interventions within primary care has progressively improved over time, which elevated numerous questions regarding the wellbeing and perils of the individual related to these new advancements in primary care. Many experts have identified that it must be essential for the primary care service providers and professionals to identify the potential risk of unneeded physical or psychological damage or possible damage to the patient and respond adequately on time to prevent damages. Hardly any literature is seen on probable dangers for primary care patients as well as the impact of those dangers on patient’s overall health over time. It really is apparent within the research the safety occurrences in primary-care are extremely substantial, which range from prescription mistakes, incorrect prognosis, incorrect therapy, to possible loss of life. According to this data the researcher discovered that an idea evaluation on patient safety is the initial step in creating an information foundation on safety to perform clinical studies (Kadhim, 2017). Methodology The subsequent requirements were utilized in this research: (a) peer-reviewed scholarly reports, (b) English-language articles, (c) complete textual content. The keywords and phrases utilized had been: (a) safety, (b) patient safety, (c) primary care, and (d) nursing. The evaluation employs Walker and Avant’s way of concept analysis (2011). Based on Walker and Avant (2011), the concept analysis is a method to explain phenomena within nursing, because it enables the theorist, analyst, or clinician to understand the different opportunities within the idea of interest. The technique is evidently identified in 8 methods: (1) choosing a concept, (2) expressing the objective of the analysis, (3) determining the functions of the idea, (4) determining the characterizing features, (5) determining/producing model situation, (6) determining/producing borderline, associated, opposite, developed, and illegitimate situations, (7) determining antecedents and effects, and (Walker and Avant, 2011) determining empirical/ noticeable referents (Kadhim, 2017). Concept analysis Objective and Functions The objective of this concept analysis would be to analyze and evaluate the idea ‘patient safety in primary care’, determine the characterizing features of the idea observed in the research documents, and reveal the significance of the idea in line with the evidence available literature. This examination also focused to recognize the way the experts within the literature have employed the idea. The evaluation can also be useful in the improvement and assessment of the instrument to appraise the idea ‘patient safety in primary care’. Patient safety within the nursing realm is described as the prevention, avoidance, as well as amelioration of undesirable results or traumas arising from the entire process of health-care. The concept, patient safety, can also be utilized in medication, which is the decrease and minimization of risky behaviors within the healthcare program, in addition to utilizing the best methods proven to result in optimum patient benefits. The word patient safety can also be utilized in psychology as it gives relief from unintentional or avoidable traumas created by medical treatment. Within business administration, many experts have utilized this idea as worker or customer safety as well as in training as culture safety (Kadhim, 2017). Defining characteristics Based on Walker and Avant (2011), defining characteristics are the most crucial section of the concept analysis and therefore are recognized by the qualities of the idea that replicate repeatedly. These 3 qualities from the idea of patient safety in primary care had been established in the literature evaluation: (a) information, (b) relief from injury, and (c) dedication. Information: Within the literature, information has long been repeated on several instances as being an essential characteristic of the idea ‘patient safety in primary care’ to be able to offer individual treatment which is risk-free. Relief from injury: The primary care methods that make sure healthcare delivery which is free of injury consist of appropriate prognosis of the patient’s issue, correct medication, correct usage of technologies, event coverage, patient diagnosis, proficiency amongst service providers, as well as their conformity to guidelines. Dedication: Dedication is really a significant characteristic related to patient safety. A primary care service provider that is focused on patient safety might show their dedication by trying to learn from prescription mistakes rather than continuing them, or revealing their understanding of safety situations with their co-workers (Kadhim, 2017). Model situation A model situation, based on Walker and Avant (2011) should be a genuine life example, that will explain the way the idea is utilized, plus it should consist of all the determining characteristics. Toni works at Valparaiso University Student Health Center as an effective family nurse medical specialist. JP comes to visit her workplace for his annual influenza treatment. The physical evaluation by Toni discloses that JP is having a temperature. Toni makes certain that JP takes some type of medicine for his high temperature. She clarifies to him why it is really not healthy for him to obtain flu virus shot at this time and she openly asks him to go to her workplace for a follow-up right after 3 days. She also gives him a phone call after 2 days and enquires about his health and when he is able to receive influenza treatment. In this instance, Toni, the primary care registered nurse specialist, has know-how about the symptoms and advisable limitations of the influenza treatment. Influenza shots are generally contraindicated in individuals with fever since it may result in negative effects or an anaphylactic outcome. Toni is focused on JP’s safety and ensures he is getting medication for his high temperature and openly asks him to follow-up with her in 3 days to ensure that she could screen him once again to find out if his temperature has subsided and that he has the capacity to acquire his influenza shots. Toni described the problem and presented sufficient details to JP. She exhibited dedication for the basic safety of JP by phoning him to ensure he was getting better and to find out if he was prepared to acquire an influenza shot. Consequently, it really is apparent in JP’s experience with healthcare that he had been free of injury (Kadhim, 2017). Antecedents and Effects Determining the antecedents and effects can help in further improving the essential characteristics and offering added understanding regarding the concept’s essential characteristics (Walker & Avant, 2011). Antecedents and effects can be found once the idea happens and assist in describing the idea in various contexts. The antecedents should be in position before the concept\\\'s occurrence. The antecedents which were exposed within the literature for the phrase ‘patient safety in primary care’ are: (a) recorded safety occurrences in order to reveal information and gain knowledge from the mistakes or safety occurrences (Martijn et al. 2013) (b) self-reflection from the health care service providers is essential to introspect the last encounters and understand what must be discovered (c) sufficient staffing is essential simply because understaffing would result in postponed delivery of treatment and result in a possible injury to the individual (d) appropriate interaction is essential to synchronize and converse safe patient treatment (Kadhim, 2017). The effects would be the occasions that happen following the concept or even the results from the concept. The effects related to patient safety in primary care happen to be enhanced standard of treatment, protection against injuries or damage, and enhanced individual fulfillment. It really has been observed within the literature that with practicing event coverage, appropriate interaction amongst medical service providers, and safety culture included in the organizational framework, it had been easy to reduce prescription mistakes and safety situations, therefore enhancing standard of treatment within the primary care services (Kadhim, 2017). Scientific and Observable Referents The event that shows the presence of the concept is identifying scientific referents, which is the last component of Walker and Avant’s way of concept analysis. This phase describes the way the concept is calculated or the way the trend is recognized in the real world. Therefore, a concept analysis involving patient safety in primary care, the determining characteristics are quantifiable and observable. Different medical scholars utilized different tools. Probably the most favored instruments by most scientific studies to determine patient safety is giving a survey to the individuals which contains questions regarding patient safety procedures (Berland, Gundersen And Bentsen, 2012). Most qualitative research utilized interviewing as an effective way of assessment. The interviews mainly provided documenting and confirming patient safety information amongst medical service providers as well as their individual encounters of patient safety occurrences (Kadhim, 2017). Conclusion The idea of patient safety in primary care continues to be chosen for concept analysis simply because patient safety is progressively affected in healthcare environments particularly in primary care environments throughout the world. Nursing as well as other healthcare literature also provide evidence of patient safety situations in primary care environments. The evaluation presented well-clarified determining features of the idea of patient safety in primary care that include: (a) information, (b) relief from injury, and (c) dedication to the patient safety. These characteristics can also be described by utilizing the model situation as well as other extra cases to explain the characteristics properly and gain knowledge of the concept. The analysis has additionally recognized the antecedents and effects linked to the concept. Many experts have observed within the literature that this patient safety can be a consistently modifying as well as an on-going procedure within the healthcare particularly in the primary care. Therefore, it is suggested to carry out research and clinical studies to guarantee optimum patient safety in primary care and enhance the caliber of healthcare in primary care environments (Kadhim, 2017).