Congress Toward Coordination of Intelligence

¶ … Congress Toward Coordination of Intelligence

Defensive analysis: This is one of the steps taken by the congress toward coordination of intelligence in the United States of America, the process involves looking for vulnerabilities within an organization, mainly the individual organization while closing any discovered hole. While doing this process, it is important to consider the benefits and risks, which are involved through out the process. This process of coordinating intelligence mainly centers on one's own organization. In an organization, an intruder or an enemy can use possible fragilities as leeway for carrying out attacks. Attacks are misplaced normally when one's problems and lose ends are utilized. The United States of America congress had to involve this method with an aim of establishing the possibilities, strengths, and weaknesses, which are being witnessed by an organization, together with the benefits and disadvantages of doing this.

Offensive counterespionage: this is another step taken by the congress in order to coordinate its intelligence. This method involves the pursuit of a set of technical work against any realized FIS personnel while making arrests of them. After arrests are made, the process requires them out of the intelligentsia progress because they are made persona non grata. Within this minimum, intelligence is sort from the FIS personnel while achieve-making manipulations of the FIS to destroy the hostile FIS organization (Treverton et al., 2005).

Counterintelligence Force Protection Source Operations (CFSO): this process incorporates human operations that are done abroad in order to bridge the existing separation within the coverage of the national level while protecting any force from terrorism together with what is termed espionage. This is a critical undertaking since it ensures the relations between the nations over which the search has taken place, remain consolidated and does not feel any negative effects. The cooperative intelligence, which links the two nations, works in a way that it becomes very independent from the country abroad.

2. What distinguishes Jose Padilla from Timothy McVeigh on global stage?

Jose Padilla is an American who was accused of colluding with the al-Qaida. His presentation on and off stage are critical of what he had suffered while under arrest. On the other hand, Timothy James McVeigh was an American internal terrorist. He is well-known to have detonated a truck bomb in Oklahoma in 1995. He is known to have killed 168 people with many injuries ranging to eight hundred.

On a global stage, Jose Padilla and McVeigh have differing characteristics. Padilla is sought to have experience outrageous government conduct. He underwent varied levels of torture while in custody up to a state where he could not stand trial. He appeared psychologically traumatized while on stage. He behaved vivaciously so that nothing could take place between him and the court process. His mental orientations seemed disarrayed. Unlike McVeigh, Padilla hosted a number of abnormal behaviors. Globally, he is viewed as a conspirator. He conspired against the nation of United States of America and teamed up with its enemies in al Qaeda terrorists. After making rudimentary claims that, he was not involved with the al Qaeda movement. Padilla still existed with the case that he had gone against his duties. He had conspired with an enemy and made himself an enemy to the United States of America. He denied his charges though this is not described physically. He decided to go silent in everything that he was asked. This is contrary McVeigh who confessed. He is known to have conspired with weapons of mass destruction and destroyed buildings while killing people in Oklahoma (Hughbank et al., 2011).

Padilla demonstrated some level of mental incompetency while on stage. McVeigh withstood everything, and was ready for ready to tackle al forthcoming events. He never covered his face. He was bold and firm. Padilla appeared ashamed from what he had done. He covered his face with goggles so that he could not be viewed directly. He behaved with mental redundancy. Moreover, the global stage perceived Padilla as a betrayer of his own nation while McVeigh is a betrayer of his own people and the occupation he had occupied for many years.

3. Data mining and its problems

Data mining is a technical process, which involves the use of statistics and computer science knowledge with an attempt to exemplify large sets of information from any field as business, security intelligence. The method makes use of an interconnection between machine learning, artificial intelligence, database systems, and statistics. The process seeks to extract particular data from a set of data, and making it understandable for further analysis and use. Furthermore, the process involves other vivid steps as data processing models, interfaces, visualization, making online updates, and other complex considerations, which are designed to link different sets of data in order to arrive at one or intended set of data for use. Data mining works in various ways. It has the capability to tell what is going to happen next. The modeling technique that is incorporated in the process enables an explicit formation of patterns, which work to better the general performance of the company (Han et al., 2012).

Within an intelligence corporation as that of the United States of America, data mining is a crucial activity, which should be involved in complex and intermediate cases and issues of security. The process takes a number of steps, most of which are anomaly detection, association rule learning, classification processes, clustering, regression, and making summaries. In order to have the process complete and a success, these steps are considered right from start to the end of the data mining process.

Data mining process has a number of challenges. Data mining process is a tedious progression that incorporates intense skills as that of statistics and computer science. The process involves high-scaled techniques, which are often tedious to handle. Data mining is a long process, which must be given its maximum time in order to operate and yield valid results. The process requires intensified training processes, which are often perceived to be expensive, and time consuming. As such, data mining is a moderately endeavored field in the world.

4. Different types of groups that compose an advanced coordinated terrorist network according to Hepner and Medina

According to Hepner and Medina, various groups advance coordinated terrorist networks in the world. They include vertices or nodes and edges or links. When studying terrorism in a social setup, nodes can be a set of individual people who are terrorists, terrorism cells or what is called clusters. Nodes and links are able to work together or independently. For instance, a node comprising of single terrorist can coordinate with links within a social setting and hence cause terror activities. Links normally mark a correlating and connection between two or more nodes. The node can be terrorists or people of varied sexes, locations, nationalities, and many other characteristics. When nodes and links exist together, they are known to influence a large force, which can be used to destroy a given set of individuals. They will exist in a heavy weight connectivity, which is dangerous to their enemy, or target group. For instance, if one of the leaders or nodes is someone like Osama Bin Laden, then he or she is going to command a lot of force and strength from the links (Karawa-n et al., 2008).

There are several nodes, which possess varying connectivity. For instance, a node of a given network can have connectivity from different and varying connections. When they exist in this state, they can then be put together under a classification comprising of hubs and non-hubs. Numerous network hubs exist with improved connectivity. Hubs are very crucial in the existence of any connectivity or/and nodes. For instance, a hub is a local place where nodes and links get together for a common course of action. Network hubs serve as connecting mechanisms. They are channels, which coordinate the rest of the groups. They operate jut like a system with the network hubs providing regular communication between the bodies of the system. The hub acts as the central points where organization and structuring takes place. For the terrorist plans to be planned and organized for execution, hubs act as the main point of coordinating these activities. The nodes connect various hubs. Moreover, every hub has connectivity through what is termed as spokes. The outer nodes have fewer connections and connectivity when compared to inner nodes. The outer nodes are known to provide connections that lead to the hub.

5. What is new about internationalization or globalization of terrorism?

Internationalization or globalization of terrorism is a new facet, which has entered the world trends of communication, interaction, international relations, and trade. The world is currently like a bomb ready to explode. With the nature of human interaction that has taken place, terrorism has shifted its roots and plans to incorporate simple and complex plans and strategies. With the intensification of technology, much is yet to be known as in accordance with the trends of terrorism in the world. Terrorism has been witnessed in every part of the world. The international human relations together with global policy-making processes have led to intensification of wars in various part of the world.