Correlation and Statistical Models

What is the independent variable (IV)? Social class and opinions are the independent variable (IV).

What is the dependent variable (DV)? Welfare policy is the dependent variable (DV).

What level of measurement do both the independent variable and dependent variable use? The independent variable uses 1,2, and 3 as the level of measurement. The dependent variable also uses 1, 2 and 3 as the level of measurement.

Calculate the column percentage of each cell in this table?

Table A. CROSS TABULATION, WELFARE POLICY OPINIONS BY SOCIAL CLASS

WELFARE * subjective class identification Crosstabulation

Show how to calculate the ROW PERCENTAGES

Social Class

Total

Lower Class

Middle Class

Upper Class

Opinion about Welfare Policy

GOVT SPENDS

Count

TOO LITTLE

% within ROW (OPINION)

57,34%

37,06%

5,59%

GOVT SPENDS ABOUT RIGHT

Count

13

% within ROW (OPINION)

45,13%

50,18%

4,69%

GOVT SPENDS

Count

8

TOO MUCH

% within ROW (OPINION)

57,93%

39,11%

2,95%

Total

Count

29

% within ROW

52,68%

43,13%

4,2%

5. The results show that the lower class spend too much with 57.93%. The middle class ranks second with 39.11% and with upper with 2.95%.

6. In the lower class cell, 57.34% agree that government spends too little, while 45.13% agree that government spend about right. However, 52.68% agree that the government spends too much.

7. The total percentage of 82 is 57.34%, 106 is 39.11%, 13 is 4.69%, 29 is 4.2%, and 271 is 100%.

Practice 4

Please use the table to answer the questions below.

annual salary

paygrade

years of education

Are you a supervisor or manager?

Are you a handicapped veteran

annual salary

1

.911

.592

.518

-.535

paygrade

.911

1

.606

.419

-.018

years of education

.592

.606

1

.233

.051

Are you a supervisor or manager? (1=yes | 0=no)

.518

1

.419

1

-.075

Are you a handicapped veteran

(1=yes | 0=no)

-.535

-.075

-.018

-.075

1

1. Ranking -order from strongest to weakest of variable's correlations with annual salary.

2. Interpretation strength, direction, and LAYMAN'S TERMS:

a. The data shows the more years of education the more the paygrade. When the year of education is 1, the paygrade is .606. However, when the year of education is -.018, the pay grade is -.075.

b.

There is no linear relationship between education and supervisor. When the year of education is 1, the supervisor is .233

c.

There is no linear relationship between supervisor and annual salary. When the supervisor is 1, the supervisor is .518.

d. Relationship between annual salary and handicapped veteran.

The more a person is handicapped, the more the annual salary is ranked low. When the handicapped veteran is 1, the annual salary is -.535

3. What type of variable are the variables in this correlation matrix?(Reminder: Variables can be more than 1 type)

a. Salary -- Dependent variable

b. Supervisor -- Dependent variable

c. Paygrade -- Dependent variable

d. Handicappedveteran -- Independent variable

e. Education -- Independent variable

Reference

Freedman, D.A. (2005) Statistical Models: Theory and Practice, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-67105-7