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Security elements are built into buildings and their surrounding spaces. The traditional fina, or outdoor space within a private dwelling, may be shielded by branches of the local tree Al-Awshaz for privacy and security (Abu-Ghazzeh). For the more permanent dwellings in the community, stone walls were built thick to withstand not only the summer floods but also the possibility of bedouin invaders. Doorways were built not so that tall men could clear their heads but purposefully so that they must stoop down when entering. Marking the lintel at neck height meant that any women inside would have time to don their headdress or hide (Abu-Ghazzeh).
The type of building material used also signifies social and cultural issues. For example, stone and adobe are reserved for the core tribe members. More transient residents of the community build houses out of less durable materials including wood....
Building materials are mainly local but some such as iron are imported into the community (Abu-Ghazzeh). Khulb (adobe + straw) used in construction allows for multi-level structures.
Abu-Ghazzeh offers the term vernacular to describe the traditional architecture of southern Saudi Arabia. The study of vernacular architecture in general expands the anthropological and sociological understanding of building and design elements. Architecture and design elements become more than functional, as they take on meaningful forms that serve their particular communities. Finally, vernacular architecture proudly displays its own aesthetic. Using materials that are drawn from the surrounding land and that suit the environmental and social needs of the inhabitants creates a community more linked with nature than a modern urban center that is pieced together using materials drawn from foreign sources.
Antenatal Education Systematic Review Antenatal education programms In pregnant women, how does group antenatal education compare to no antenatal education or individual antenatal education for improving outcomes of childbirth and parenting? In pregnant women, how does group antenatal education compare to no antenatal education or individual antenatal education for improving outcomes of childbirth and parenting? Antenatal education programs are key in improving maternal health all over the world. They have been widely embraced in
Crisis Communication: Overcoming Barriers When Crafting an Effective Risk Communication Strategy When a disaster strikes, there is no time for planning, and what is already in place must therefore suffice. One of the most important factors to emerge from the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina was the need for more effective communications between the relief agencies, U.S. military and civil law enforcement. Effective communications between these agencies and the people that needed
16). In comparing a number of literary elements in one story, Smith and Wiese (2006) contend that at times, when attempting to transform an old story into a modern multicultural version, cultural meanings of the original story may be lost. In turn, the literature does not subject the reader to another culture. For instance, in the story about the fisherman, that Smith and Wiese access, the plot remains similar plot,
David Wiesner's Body Of Work In Children's Literature This is an essay discussing children's author and illustrator David Wiesner's body of work as a whole. Four books, Tuesday, Free Fall, June 29,1999, and The Three Pigs are examined for plots, settings, themes, characters, and style. Specific references to individual texts are included. Four sources used. MLA. David Wiesner David Wiesner has been delighting children and adults as well since his first publication, "The
Madame Bovary's entire experience is by way of approaching her own obscurity, and indeed her own demise, and her death as an individual. The essay by Elisabeth Fronfen is, for the most part, very perceptive and the analysis she offers is razor sharp; when she asserts (411) that Madame Bovary's reading "consumes the life of the reader, who reads instead of living," she hits the literary mark with thorough
Hercules: Disney vs. Classical Literature The myth of Hercules has been represented in media such as film and television, allowing the general public to be introduced to Greek and Roman mythological characters through entertainment. The 1997 Disney animated movie Hercules is a loosely based adaptation of the Herculean myth. The Herculean myth in the Disney movie Hercules relies heavily on identifying characters with their Greek and Roman counterparts instead of identifying