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While the gap exists for all crimes, it is the largest for violent crime, such as homicide, rape, and robberies, and the smallest for property crime. Unlike self-report data, official statistics and victimization reports generally describe the gender-gap as most apparent, as these types of crime reporting suggest large gaps in the number of crimes committed by men and women. Official statistics and victimization reports probably show the largest gender gaps both because they deal more with violent crimes, whose perpetrators tend to be men and because self-report data allows researchers to choose samples that have equal amounts of men and women to study similarities and differences across gender. In other words, self-report data generally has a lower sex-gap because researchers can have a great deal influence in manipulating the data set. Some do not report crimes because they are embarrassed to be the victim, while others refuse to report because they have a relationship with the victimizer, were participating in a crime when they were victimized, or think that that crime is not serious enough to report. Women would be less likely to report a crime to police simply because they are statistically less likely to be the victim of a crime. This fact is a manifestation of the sex-gap; because more men tend to participate in violent crimes, and crimes are generally committed gender-on-gender, women are less likely to be victims. Also, women are more likely to be crimes or rape and prostitution, two crimes that many would link with embarrassment, which would result in under-reporting to the police.
Gender Bias in the U.S. Court System Statistics regarding male and female criminality Types of cases involving women and men Sentencing guidelines for judges imposed to diminish disparities Feminists say women should get less jail time Number of women vs. men arrested Women committing misdemeanors get little or no jail time Death penalty cases 10% of murder cases are perpetrated by women Leniency of juries on women defendants Easier for women to be treated leniently by juries Sex crimes involving men
Gender-Specific Therapy for Women Prisoners RESEARCH QUESTION AND JUSTIFICATION On average, women make up about 7% of the total federal and state incarcerated population in the United States. This has increased since the 1980s due to stricter and more severe laws that focus on recreational drug use, a lack of community programs, and fewer treatment centers available for outpatients (Zaitow and Thomas, eds., 2003). According to the National Women's Law Centers, women
Gender Inequality in Hong Kong Wage discrimination is the discrepancy of wages between two groups due to a bias towards or against a specific trait with all other characteristics of both groups being equivalent. In the case of gender inequality, wage discrimination exists between the male and female gender. Historically, gender inequality has favored men over similarly qualified women (Kwong, 1999). In Hong Kong, Article 19 of the Bill of Rights
Gender Roles in Much Ado About Nothing and Trifles Today, gender roles have become far more flexible than as recently as 50 years ago. Women today can enter management positions, have focused careers, and expect salaries on the same level as those of men. Indeed, some women have proved themselves to be as competent, or more so, in leadership positions as men. At the same time, however, women are free to
Hate crimes incidents occur nationally between 6,000 and 8,000 times annually, and many be increased by traumatic national events. Hate crime rates spiked in 2001, but have steadily decreased since then, though hate crimes between religious groups have increased slightly. Most offenders are young and act more out of personal sentiment than organizational strategy, which may be why hate crimes in Pennsylvania are mainly centered around the two big cities
Gender Issues in Education Today The objective of this study is to examine gender issues in education today and to discuss its impacts or potential impacts on individuals and society. This study will examine how this issue has been addressed by philanthropy, charitable organizations, and governments. Initial examination of the gender gap in education appears to show that women are on the receiving end of less education to prepare them for life