Discipline of Psychology Is Often

¶ … discipline of psychology is often challenged in its entirety through a variety of concepts. The very concepts that it preaches are the very concepts that marks some of its weakest links. This paper extensively evaluates by way of extant literature the various criticisms and misunderstandings that are related to psychology. In order to fully cover these redundancies on the discipline of psychology. We evaluate the criticism of artificiality with a particular attention to abnormal psychology, social psychology and organizational psychology. In addition to above, we compare and contrast the various breakthrough models in the field of scientific research together with the principles of connectivity in the process of explaining the various events and their possible outcomes. Finally we evaluate the concept of single-cause explanation together with the principle of multiple causation in an effort to explain the events and their corresponding outcomes.

Scholars explain that concept of single-cause explanation together with the principle of multiple causation suffer weaknesses as being circular. The second is that they are centered around issues of anthrocentricism.

One misunderstanding that arises from "breakthrough

Introduction

Criticisms of artificiality

The psychological principle of artificiality has been criticised through its various sub-domains such as abnormal psychology, social psychology and organizational psychology.

The abnormal psychology model has been criticized for being incapable of bringing out a fully true understanding of certain other disciplines such as psychopathology (Carpenter, 1987; Engel, 1980). The use of abnormal psychology in the field of biology is highly criticised for the fact that biology cannot fully give an account of various psychological disorders. In order for the medical models of abnormal psychology to bring out meanings, it necessary to base it on various other sources and levels of information. These levels include various psychological processes that integrate both cognitive and social levels of psychology.

Social psychology is defined as 'the scientific investigation of how the thoughts, feelings and behaviours of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined or implied presence of others' Gordon Allport (1935) .The social psychology has also been criticised through extant literature from works of various scholars. Human beings in general are very compliant and have a tendency of easily being transformed by various social pressures and conditions. A person's self-esteem is often fragile and one's attitude is often out of touch with reality. As pointed out by Sears (1986) "To caricature the point, contemporary social psychology ... presents the human race as composed of lone, bland, compliant wimps who specialize in paper-and-pencil tests,." He further pointed out that an individual's passions and his or her prejudices is a subject of various factors such as their close knot family makeup, ethnicity and transforms with age and maturity.

According to Sears (1986).The main problem with social psychology is that various researchers concentrated their efforts and study group on college students who were subjected to various laboratory tests in order to gauge their rational together with various aspects of their deliberate behaviour and thinking. Through the analysis of various contents from three renowned social psychology journals, Sears (1980) found that about 75% of their reports fitted into the original mold. The research on various college students pointed out that as compared to other adults, they have attitudes that are less -- formulated coupled with senses of self and very strong tendencies to be compliant with various levels and forms of authority. They also portrayed very unstable relationships with their peers. These differences between the college student and adults' social psychology are often amplified in the laboratory.

The organizational psychology has often been criticized for its limitation of scope. The Big Five principle of organizational psychology has often been attacked for its lack of explanation of all the human personality. Various psychologists have criticised the model for its lack of various models of personality. A perfect example being an individual's religiosity, their honesty, motivation and Machiavellianism, self-concept snobbishness and identity. As pointed out by McAdams (1995), the Big Five has "psychology of the stranger,." The model also has both methodological and theoretical status issues.