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Cyberbullying by Singapore Adolescents
Cyberbullying and Empathy
An inverse relationship between empathy and traditional bullying has been well established empirically (reviewed by Ang and Goh, 2010). Whether the same claim can be made about cyberbullying is unknown, although research data indicates that the anonymity of online bullying may encourage such behavior. Direct bullying, which commonly involves physical aggression, has been shown to be associated with poor affective empathy. In contrast, indirect bullying, such as backstabbing behaviors, is associated with poor cognitive empathy. Affective empathy is the ability to share emotional experiences, whereas cognitive empathy is the ability to understand the emotional experiences of others.
The interaction between gender and empathy has been studied extensively, and boys generally score lower in this respect (reviewed by Ang and Goh, 2010). However, gender seems to have a bigger impact on affective, rather than cognitive empathy. How these forms of empathy and gender interact with cyberbullying prevalence, especially in the understudied Asian adolescent population, is the focus...
The ethnicity was primarily Chinese (60.4%), followed by Malasian (19.7%), Indian (8.1%), and other or unknown.
Two instruments were used (Ang and Goh, 2010). The first questionnaire had 20 items to probe the cognitive and affective empathy of subjects. The second 9-item questionnaire assessed cyberbullying behavior.
Results
Overall, 23.6% and 15.1% of boys and girls, respectively, reported being involved in cyberbullying (Ang and Goh, 2010). Of these, only 3.7% and 0.9% of boys and girls, respectively, were categorized as frequent bullies. Although girls were significantly more likely to report better affective and cognitive empathy abilities (p < 0.01), gender was not a significant predictor of cyberbullying behavior. However, when a moderated multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the data, a significant (p < 0.01) three-way interaction between affective empathy, cognitive…
References
Ang, Rebecca P. And Goh, Dion H. (2010). Cyberbullying among adolescents: The role of affective and cognitive empathy, and gender. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 41, 387-397.
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