Conversion disorders for whom are they most common? (i.e. gender, age): More common in females (2-10: 1 female: male ratio), less educated, lower SES, racial factors appear unimportant. 2. Malingering: Intentionally presenting with symptoms of an illness or disorder when in fact there is no normal so disorder present. This presentation is done for primary or secondary gain.
Munchausen syndrome by proxy. A form of abuse where a person induces physical symptoms or an illness of another person (usually a child) in order to receive attention.
Dysmorphobia. Also note his body dysmorphic disorder, a disorder where the person continually finds fault with their physical appearance and often has unnecessary surgeries to correct it.
Dissociative amnesia. Psychogenic amnesia, typically retrograde amnesia or global amnesia that occurs suddenly and has no physiological basis.
Who is most likely to suffer from dissociative identity disorder? (i.e. gender, childhood background). Most often occurs in children with a history of abuse, female, or in adult cases of severe trauma related to combat experiences.
7. How does the psychodynamic perspective explain dissociative disorders (i.e. dissociative identity disorder, dissociative fugue, dissociative amnesia)? Massive repression of a traumatic experience, typically of a sexual nature.
8. Key emotions in mood disorders. Affect or mood can be dysphoric, mental discomfort related to restlessness, dissatisfaction, malaise, depression, or anxiety to euphoric, intense feelings of well-being, elation, happiness, and excitement.
8. What is the key emotion associated with depression? Feelings of sadness- (dysphoria)
9. What is the key emotion associated with mania? Feelings of elation (euphoria)
10. Psychodynamic techniques to treat depression. Psychoanalytic examination of anger turned inward- free association, dream analysis, uncovering.
12. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Application of electrical current into the brain (usually non-dominant hemisphere) to treat psychiatric disorders (most often treatment resistant depression)
13. Cognitive triad (Beck). Negative views of the self, environment, and the future.
14. Seligman's learned helplessness theory. Failure to respond to a threatening situation even if there is an obvious mode of escape due to past experiences of being unable to escape from situations.
15. Difference between bipolar I and bipolar II. Bipolar I consists of periods of mania and depression; bipolar II consists of periods of hypomania and depression.
16. Adjunctive psychotherapy. Psychotherapy in addition to other forms of treatment (here therapy is considered secondary).
17. Know that the chance of recovery for someone receiving effective therapy for depression is about 60%. OK
18. Suicide
a. Attempts vs. completions. Males more successful than females due to means (e.g., gun vs. pills). Two groups: Adolescents and Elderly adults are more successful. Depression, substance abuse, and co-morbid psychiatric disorders with depression are also prevelant.
b. Do we have a good way of knowing suicide rates? In terms of epidemiology, the rates are calculated by the number of suspected suicides in the most recent year. These are determined by physician's reports of cause of death.
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