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Diabetes in Appalachia
Part 1: Teaching Plan
The teaching plan focuses on the following areas, with the intention being to promote self-management of type 2 DM for the patient living in Appalachia.
Leadership.
For people living with diabetes in Appalachia, there is not a lot of health literacy at the moment, and nurses would do well to provide effective information to this population so as to help them (Carpenter & Smith, 2018). There are a number of leadership strategies that can be used to improve outcomes, patient-centered care, and the patient experience related to the problem of diabetes. These strategies include developing clear goals and objectives, promoting teamwork and communication, providing adequate resources, and ensuring continuity of care (Lee et al., 2021; Walters et al., 2020). Patients should inquire about these to support self-management.
Collaboration.
Nurses play a vital role in developing and implementing policies that improve patient outcomes, prevent illness, and reduce hospital readmissions. Patients, nurses and support groups can work together to overcome time and space barriers to self-care.
Communication.
The patient described in this case would certainly benefit from incorporating a better diet into his lifestyle, losing weight, and becoming more active. A nurse who provides this kind of instruction is one who can link health literacy to self-management for quality outcomes (Lee et al., 2021).
Change management.
Identifying the needs of the patient is crucial. Once identified, changes can be made to address the issues. For a patient with dietary needs, meeting with a dietician is imperative.
Policy.
There is strong evidence that evidence-based interventions can improve outcomes for people with diabetes, yet these interventions are not always implemented in practice (Lee et al., 2021; Walters et al., 2020). Evidence-based nursing standards and policies can help to ensure that nurses are providing the best possible care to their patients.
Quality of care.
Listening to the needs of patients and families is not only good for them, it is also good for the quality of care that they receive. Patients should not feel shy about communicating to their nurses to ensure better care.
Kentucky state board nursing practice standards and government policies recommend the use of the Diabetes Prevention and Control Program, which uses:
Community coalitionmobilization
County diabetes assessments
Community awareness education
Diabetes and prediabetes group education
Professional education
Quality improvement
Surveillance, reports, evaluation
Costs to the system and individual.
The total annual economic cost of diabetes in the United States is estimated to be $245 billion (American Diabetes Association, 2018). A number of studies have shown that patients who receive intensive treatment for their diabetes have better outcomes and lower healthcare costs than those who do not (Reaven et al., 2019).
Technology.
Support group forums online are a great help for this type of patient, considering the time and space obstacles he faces.
Care coordination.
Care coordination is an important aspect of managing...…on food and exercise journaling to help monitor one's progress. It is possible that more intensive or longer-term interventions may be necessary to achieve significant and lasting changes in behaviors related to diet and physical activity. In addition, it is important to consider the feasibility of delivery within the school setting, as well as issues related to cost-effectiveness.
Nursing Ethics
Nursing ethics provides a framework for addressing the problem of diabetes self-management. The ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, and non-maleficence provide guidance for nurses in assisting patients to manage their disease. Autonomy requires that patients be empowered to make decisions about their own care. Beneficence requires that nurses act in the best interests of patients. Non-maleficence requires that nurses do no harm. Applying these principles to the problem of diabetes self-management, nurses can help patients by providing education and support while respecting their autonomy. In addition, the principle of justice requires that nurses consider the equitable distribution of resources when addressing the problem of diabetes self-management. This includes ensuring that all patients have access to necessary resources and services. Plus, the application of new technologies to the treatment of diabetes represents both an opportunity and a challenge. It is important to carefully consider the potential barriers and costs associated with the use of specific technologies before integrating them into a diabetes treatment program. Otherwise, benefits could be outweighed by the challenges patients…
References
American Diabetes Association. (2018). Economic costs of diabetes in the US in2017. Diabetes care, 41(5), 917-928.
Carpenter, R., & Smith, M. J. (2018). Living with diabetes in Appalachia: a focus groupstudy. Holistic nursing practice, 32(4), 196.
Forouhi, N. G., & Wareham, N. J. (2019). Epidemiology of diabetes. Medicine, 47(1),22-27.
Lee, E. H., Lee, Y. W., Chae, D., Lee, K. W., Hong, S., Kim, S. H., & Chung, J. O.
(2021). Pathways Linking Health Literacy to Self-Management in People with Type 2 Diabetes. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 9(12), 1734. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9121734
Reaven, P. D., Emanuele, N. V., Wiitala, W. L., Bahn, G. D., Reda, D. J., McCarren, M.,... & Hayward, R. A. (2019). Intensive glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes—15-year follow-up. New England Journal of Medicine, 380(23), 2215-2224.
Walters, R., Leslie, S. J., Polson, R., Cusack, T., & Gorely, T. (2020). Establishing theefficacy of interventions to improve health literacy and health behaviours: a systematic review. BMC public health, 20(1), 1040. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08991-0
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