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Discrimination
There are many different types of discrimination that exist in the labor market today. There is ethnic discrimination as well as other discrimination like gender discrimination. Kenneth Arrow, the Nobel Prize winner, defined discrimination as "the valuation in the market place of personal characteristics of the worker that are unrelated to productivity" (Anonymous). Harassment can also be racial in nature or can be gender oriented. Harassment in the labor market would be the act of tormenting someone by continued and persistent criticism and attacks. Discrimination however is the unfair treatment given to people or group on the basis of prejudice.
A group of 14 people from seven different European country visited Israel/Palestine for five days in 2004 to investigate and look in to the labor situation of the Palestinian workers present within Israel and the Occupied Territories. It is known that the labor market in Israel as well as Palestine is highly unstable and the unemployment rate is very high. About 57% of the population that is of the working age forms the part of the labor force. In European countries this figure rises to about 67%. The economy of the Occupied Territory relies on the citizens to find job and be employed in Israel. Arabs form 20% of the population of Israel and mostly live in secluded villages where they do not have any industries or large organizations. Their unemployment is 1.5 times greater than the entire nation. Israel has been making plans to increase this percentage greatly:
'As part of the policy of directing populations toward the labor market and toward a transition from welfare to labor and following the reforms in income supplement and child allowances, the 2004 budget proposes several measures that are intended to create motivation to work and to increase the percentage of people participating in the labor market." (Finance Ministry)
It has been seen that for the Arab workers,...
This situation is the result of the discrimination against the Arabs. They are not hired in the job markets and with time this condition has been worsening. Due to the conflict between the Arabs and the State of Israel, the Arabs are not given work and are being continuously discriminated against. According to a research institution in Israel called Adva Center, the average salary of the Arab communities is only half as compared to the Jewish towns and cities. The average salary of the Jewish household is at NIS 9363 whereas that of the Arab household is NIS 5252 (Adva Center). This is due to the policy making of Israel since 1948 towards the Arab citizens. The Arab community does not have land and additionally is not allowed to develop industries. This has led the Arab community to become the peasants who have to travel to the Jewish controlled and owned industrial areas (Dr. Aziz Haidar).
Israel's law states that there should be equal opportunities given to all the citizens. However this is not the case and both sides are responsible to some extent. Palestinians extremists have been known to conduct attacks on the citizens of Israel and thus Israel and the Jewish community discriminates against all Arabs while using the excuse that is security oriented. Due to this discrimination the Arab population fills the lowest positions in the labor market regardless of their education. Even then their work conditions are far worse as compared to those Jews that are also in the lowest positions in the labor market. Mostly the Arabs are now going towards the construction sector and are working there. They form the major part of the construction labor in Israel. This has led to a decline in the Arab economy.
Discrimination in the labor market has many adverse effects and can be the cause to a lowered workforce within a nation. With discrimination in the labor force comes forth the inequality in their wages. The…
REFERENCES:
(1) Anonymous -- Discrimination in the Labor Market. [Online website] Available from: http://www.tutor2u.net/economics/content/topics/labourmarket/labour_discrimination.htm [Accessed on 16/10/2005]
(2) Finance Ministry -- Israel Economic Recovery Plan - Stage II Transition to Growth. [Online website] Available from: http://www.mof. gov.il/beinle/economic_plan.pdf [Accessed on 16/10/2005]
(3) Adva Center - "Israel: A Social Report 2003" [Online website] Available from: www.adva.org/ISRAEL_2003_ENG.pdf [Accessed on 16/10/2005]
(4) Dr. Aziz Haidar - "The Arab Population in the Israeli Economy" 1990. International Center for Peace in the Middle East, p.130
It was after a lot of concern expressed in this matter and after a long legal and judicial consideration that the legislature passed the act. Legal Enforcement The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is the authority that enforces the legislation on age discrimination namely the 'Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 - ADEA'. This act is designed to protect individuals who are about forty or above years of age the
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Individuals with disabilities may experience mental anguish, but also feelings of embarrassment about their ability, or inability to perform tasks that they normally might were they not disabled. These feelings may lead to depression or feelings of worthlessness, guilt or sadness, which are unacceptable in a society that promotes equality and fair treatment under the law. People with disabilities incorporate a large segment of the population, including people with HIV,
Likewise the same percentages of responders assert that discrimination based on sexual orientation occurs at the companies that they work for. Eighty percent of the participants believe that a company's policy concerning discrimination against gays should not be determined by religious convictions. Fifteen participants reported that an employee of their company had been accused of discrimination based on sexual orientation. Additionally, seventy percent of participants assert that there company has
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Case Statement This case involved a white woman and a black man who had an encounter in a parking lot and there was controversy if discriminatory action ensued. The two, Hope and Dillon, gave two different versions of the encounter. At its very core, the conflict in the case is about racial discrimination. Legal advocates and scholars have given various definitions to racism and have focused on disparate impact and differential treatment.