Al-Hussami, Mahmoud (2008). A Study

Al-Hussami, Mahmoud (2008). A study of nurses' job satisfaction. European Journal of Scientific Research 22(2).

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of organizational commitment, perceived organizational support, transformational leadership, transactional leadership behavior, and level of education on nurses' job satisfaction, especially long-term health care center nurses.

The author proposes the question: how do organizational variables impact nurses' job satisfaction?

The author gathered data via questionnaire related to job satisfaction. The questionnaire was given to 60 nurses at four nursing homes, all of which were randomly selected. The author performed statistical analyses on the results.

The author found a strong correlation between nurses' reported job satisfaction and organizational commitment, organizational support, level of education, transactional leadership and transformational leadership.

Key concepts include the core concept of job satisfaction, which is related to quality of care. Organizational issues include leadership styles, which impact subordinate employee satisfaction. Other important concepts include organizational support, and organizational commitment.

6. The author assumes that organizational behavior may be influenced by the research, by suggesting that job satisfaction affects quality of care.

7. a. If the author's line of reasoning is correct, then health care organizations and especially long-term health care facilities, should consider improving organizational commitment and organizational support as well as change leadership styles towards transactional and transformational.

7. b. If the author's line of reasoning is ignored, then health care institutions may face serious crises related to low job satisfaction such as staff shortages.

8. The author's point-of-view is from the level of nursing management and health care administration.

Part 2

1. The author clearly states his meaning, and the text is as succinct as possible. A minimum of jargon is used and the language is clear.

2. The authors' claims are based on empirical evidence, so they are accurate assessments.

3. The author precisely analyzes the data from the survey responses.

4. No, the author does not introduce any irrelevant material; the report is brief and to the point.

5. The author does not delve into the complexities of organizational commitment, organizational support, transactional leadership, or transformational leadership. The writing is not superficial but these issues are not addressed.

6. The author does not consider opposing points-of-view, but it would be hard to imagine a valid point-of-view that disparaged nurses' job satisfaction.

7. The text is consistent and logical, as the author's ideas flow from point to point and each section is clearly labeled and set apart from the next.

8. The subject is not dealt with in a trivial manner, although more depth would have bolstered the central arguments.

9. The issues the author addresses are not inherently controversial, even if they do challenge existing organizational theories and behaviors. Therefore, the author does display fairness.

Kleinman, C.S. (2004). Leadership: A key strategy in staff nurse retention. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing 35(3).

1. The author intends to draw a connection between leadership styles in nursing administration and retention of newly recruited nurses.

2. The key question the author addresses is whether a change to administrative practices and leadership styles will promote retention of newly recruited nursing staff.

3. The author uses a literature review to bolster the main argument and support the conclusions.

4. The author concludes that effective leadership stems from higher education in nursing, and also that effective leadership is a crucial factor in increasing nursing staff retention.

5. Key concepts include staff retention and recruitment; leadership; and transformational leadership.

6. The author takes for granted the fact that nursing management is itself a product of organizational culture, and that the structure of health care organizations sometimes influences nursing administration.

7. a. If the author's line of reasoning is taken seriously, then health care administration and education both change.

7. b. If we fail to take the author's line of reasoning seriously, then the nursing shortage and related crises are likely to continue.

8. The main point of the article is that administrative practices, leadership styles in particular, impact recruitment and retention.

Part 2

1. The author does a reasonable job of presenting the core ideas of the text, and conveys the essential points well.

2. The author is accurate, and bases the argument on a review of prevailing literature.

3. The author does cite specific studies and the summaries of their findings, so the author is sufficiently precise.

4. The author does not introduce any irrelevant material and sticks to the point well.

5. The writing is not superficial. The author explains the nature of effective leadership.

6. The author does not delve into the reasons behind the current nursing crisis, which could lend insight into why administrators have suppressed progress or educational programs that promote transactional leadership.