England Had by Late 1600s

England had by late 1600s managed to establish permanent colonies in North America. One such colony was Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania was founded in 1681 by William Penn who was the colony proprietary. Pennsylvania colony was British American. The establishment of Pennsylvania colony was granted by King Charles II. The charter for establishment of the colony remained in the hands of the Penn family up to when American Revolution took place. After the revolution, the commonwealth of Pennsylvania become one of the original thirteen states.

Pennsylvania was one of the mid colonies that also comprised present day states of New York, New Jersey and Delaware (Rothbard, 1999). The middle colonies had diverse political, economic, and ethnic backgrounds because the residents came from diverse nations and practiced numerous trades. Philadelphia was the center of all these colonies. The Penn's Frame of Government was made up of an appointed governor, the proprietor, and a Provincial Council that was made up of 72 members. There was also a larger general assembly that was known as Pennsylvania Provincial Academy.

Despite of being the largest representative branch of the government, the General Assembly had little power. The Fourth Frame of government also known as Charter of privileges remained in effect until American Revolution occurred. The revolutionaries who held a convention that produced constitution of 1776 had low regard for Provincial Assembly which they deemed moderate. A new General Assembly was then put in place after the establishment of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The government of Pennsylvania dealt fairly with Native Americans in accordance with the Charter of Privileges.

The government had better relations with the Lenape and the Susquehanna. The Quakers treated the Indians with a lot of respect. Land was only bought from those who were intending to sell theirs. Indians just like the whites had fair representation in the juries. Treaties between Indians and Christians that were sworn were never broken. Moreover, the Quakers turned down New England's request for assistance during the New England-Indian Wars. The colonists set up an agricultural economy where they grew their own food like corn and wheat.

The cattle they raised gave them meat, milk, and butter. They also kept chicken and sheep. The colonists who settled in Pennsylvania came for religious reasons. They wanted religious freedom. Penn branded the Catholic Church as a "Whore of Babylon" and Puritans as "hypocrites and revelers in God." After Penn had written "The Sandy Foundation Shaken" the Bishop of London ordered that he be imprisoned until he recanted his written statements (Anonymous, 2012). African slaves in the southern colonies like the South and North Carolina worked in the rice field.

Some had good knowledge of rice growing having come from rice growing regions in West Africa. by, 1708, majority of people of living in the rice growing regions in South Carolina were enslaved Africans. Georgia, the last of the British colonies in America to be established, banned slavery at formative stages. In Virginia, African slaves worked in the.