Family counseling approaches and applications

Family Therapy

Family therapists have a variety of therapeutic approaches they might choose for use in their practice. Two approaches with significant differences are the object-relation, or psychodynamic approach, and the cognitive-behavioral approach.

The psychodynamic approach looks at the personality development and emotional processes within each member of the family group as well as how the family interacts, and how this is reflected by the psychodynamics of each individual (Gurman & Lebow, 1995). By contrast, the cognitive-behavioral approach looks at the interactions of the individuals within the group as well as how the family as a whole functions. This approach looks at behaviors between individuals and communication patterns, and focuses on improved communication styles and problem-solving (Gurman & Lebow, 1995).

In spite of their differences, both approaches have some things in common. In both approaches, the goal is to help the family unit function in a more healthy way. In addition, both approaches face the reality that at least some family members may be in family therapy against their will, feeling coerced by other family members, school, or the court to participate (Alexander et. al., 1996).

Very often these families exhibit open conflict. While this will help the therapist observe immediate problems, the family unit as a whole will respond to changes in any member of the family. Whether a psychodynamic or a cognitive-behavioral approach is used, the family unit may resist change, sometimes quite markedly (Alexander et. al., 1996).