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The second stated parenting style, specifically the 'authoritative' parenting style is generally believed among researchers to be the optimum parenting style for positive outcomes specifically relating to intergenerational transmission of cyclic problems relating to abuse and violence in families.
VI. LIFE COURSE TRAJECTORY of CRIME and VIOLENCE
It is stated in the work of Robert J. Sampson and John H. Laub entitled: "A Life-Course View of the Development of Crime " that a life course view....tends to emphasize the notion that people get 'locked' into certain trajectories." or, in other words, "... people construct their lives within the content of ongoing constraints." This is viewed as a continuous social reproduction." (2005) the work of Moffitt (1993, 1994) posited "two distinct categories of individuals, each possessing a unique natural history of antisocial behavior over the life course - Life-Course-Persistent and Adolescence-Limited Offenders." (Sampson and Laub, 2003) the argument of Moffitt is that "life-course persisters have etiological roots traced to childhood risk factors such as temperament, low verbal IQ and poor self-control." (Sampson and Laub, 2003) Sampson and Laub state that "Life-course persisters, although small in number, do enormous damage because they account for the lion's share of adult misconduct." (2003)
SUMMARY and CONCLUSION
Findings in this research include the fact that a 'cycle-of-violence' exists within family violence that is transferred from generation to generation in the form of abuse whether physical or verbal. Patterson's Coercion model explains how parents may reinforce the pattern of abuse and while a victim to the abuse also becomes a perpetrator of abuse. Albert Bandura's vicarious learning theory has been reviewed as well as have the different parenting styles and the effects of those styles of parenting upon the children and the resulting behavior of the children associated with the different styles of parenting. Finally, this work has related how a 'life-course trajectory...
Journal of Marriage and the Family Vol. 55, No. 3 (Aug., 1993), pp. 713-723.
Violence (2007) Position Paper. American Academy of Family Physicians: Policy and Advocacy. 2007 Online available at http://www.aafp.org/online/en/home/policy/policies/v/violencepositionpaper.html
Straus, M.A. (1994) Beating the Devil Out of Them: Corporal Punishment in American Families. New York: Lexington Books. Cited in the work of Bloom, S.L and Reichart, M. (1994) Bearing Witness: Trauma and Collective Responsibility. Philadelphia Chapter, Physicians for Social Responsibility. (1995)
Bloom, S.L and Reichart, M. (1994) Bearing Witness: Trauma and Collective Responsibility. Philadelphia Chapter, Physicians for Social Responsibility. (1995)
Evaluating the National Outcomes: Program Outcomes for Children. NCEO 2007. Online available at http://ag.arizona.edu/fcs/cyfernet/nowg/contrib.html
Boree, G. (2006) Albert Bandura: 1925 - present. Personality Theories. Online available at http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/bandura.html
Sampson, Robert J. And Laub, John H. (2005) a Life-CourseView of the Development of Crime. Online available at http://216.239.51.104/search?q=cache:amzPgNM78hMJ:www.aapss.org/uploads/Annals_Nov_2005_Sampson_Laub.pdf+LIFE+COURSE+TRAJECTORY+of+CRIME+and+VIOLENCE&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=2&gl=us
Sampson, R.J. And Laub, J.H. (2003) Life-Course Desisters? Trajectories of Crime Among Delinquent Boys Followed to Age 70. Online available at http://216.239.51.104/search?q=cache:DRInGG7DHmsJ:wjh-www.harvard.edu/soc/faculty/sampson/articles/2003_Crim_Laub.pdf+LIFE+COURSE+TRAJECTORY+of+CRIME+and+VIOLENCE&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=4&gl=us
Family Delinquency and Crime
Bibliography
Simons, Johnson, Beaman, and Conger (1993) Explaining Women's Double Jeopardy: Factors that Mediate the Association between Harsh Treatment as a Child and Violence by a Husband. Journal of Marriage and the Family Vol. 55, No. 3 (Aug., 1993), pp. 713-723.
Violence (2007) Position Paper. American Academy of Family Physicians: Policy and Advocacy. 2007 Online available at http://www.aafp.org/online/en/home/policy/policies/v/violencepositionpaper.html
Straus, M.A. (1994) Beating the Devil Out of Them: Corporal Punishment in American Families. New York: Lexington Books. Cited in the work of Bloom, S.L and Reichart, M. (1994) Bearing Witness: Trauma and Collective Responsibility. Philadelphia Chapter, Physicians for Social Responsibility. (1995)
Bloom, S.L and Reichart, M. (1994) Bearing Witness: Trauma and Collective Responsibility. Philadelphia Chapter, Physicians for Social Responsibility. (1995)
Evaluating the National Outcomes: Program Outcomes for Children. NCEO 2007. Online available at http://ag.arizona.edu/fcs/cyfernet/nowg/contrib.html
Boree, G. (2006) Albert Bandura: 1925 - present. Personality Theories. Online available at http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/bandura.html
Sampson, Robert J. And Laub, John H. (2005) a Life-CourseView of the Development of Crime. Online available at http://216.239.51.104/search?q=cache:amzPgNM78hMJ:www.aapss.org/uploads/Annals_Nov_2005_Sampson_Laub.pdf+LIFE+COURSE+TRAJECTORY+of+CRIME+and+VIOLENCE&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=2&gl=us
Sampson, R.J. And Laub, J.H. (2003) Life-Course Desisters? Trajectories of Crime Among Delinquent Boys Followed to Age 70. Online available at http://216.239.51.104/search?q=cache:DRInGG7DHmsJ:wjh-www.harvard.edu/soc/faculty/sampson/articles/2003_Crim_Laub.pdf+LIFE+COURSE+TRAJECTORY+of+CRIME+and+VIOLENCE&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=4&gl=us
"While biological and psychological factors hold their own merit when explaining crime and delinquency, perhaps social factors can best explain juvenile delinquency" which "is a massive and growing problem in America." (http://www.skidmore.edu/academics/english/courses/en205d/student7/stud7proj2.html) Reference: Doggett, a. "Juvenile Delinquency and Family Structure" http://facstaff.elon.edu/ajones5/Anika's%20paper.htm Goode: 1994, 1997, 2001, 2005; and Pfohl, Images of Deviance and Social Control, 1985. Social Disorganization at the micro level: Control Theories: Why most don't deviate?" Owner: Robert O. Keel. Last Updated: Monday, October
Crime Causation Diversion: Comparison of Juvenile Diversion, Intervention, And Prevention Programs Operating in California The objective of this study is to compare juvenile diversion, intervention, and prevention programs operating California. This study will examine how programs work to reduce juvenile crime and then conduct an analysis of the relationship between program premise and goals and one of more major causes of juvenile delinquent behavior. One of the provisions to juvenile offenders is
It makes the important assertion that, current health status and disease outcomes associated with disease states in individuals or populations are determined by multiple factors that are both internal and external to the individual or population. These factors include the: (1) physical environment, (2) social environment, (3) genetic endowments, (4) prosperity, (5) individual behaviors, (6) individual biology, (7) health and function, (8) disease, (9) health care systems, and (10)
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Family Values in Urban America: Judeo-Christian Perspective vs. Secular Perspective Judeo-Christian Perspective vs. Secular Perspective Background of family values in the American society Judeo-Christian perspective on family values Secular perspective on family values Judeo-Christian Perspective vs. Secular Perspective The topic of this paper is family values in urban America and it is from the analysis of the family values that the study intends to draw out a difference between the Judeo-Christian perspective and the secular perspective
Crime On March 9th, 2013, two New York City police officers shot and killed a sixteen-year-old Kimani Gray, and claimed afterward that he had brandished a handgun at them after being told to show his hands (Goodman, 2013). More remarkable than the New York Police Department's killing of a young black male, however, was the outpouring of community grief and anger that followed the shooting. The following Monday, March 11th, saw