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But they do not tell you which variable influences which. They may hint or suggest that one variable influences another, but they are never proof of causality. That is, they are never proof that changes in variable a cause changes in variable B" (Mitchell n.d.). In fact, B might cause a, versus a causing B (a diagnosis of a learning disability might indicate a predisposition to delinquency, or delinquent behavior might make a student more apt to be identified as learning disabled, if a correlation between these factors has been established).
Finally, experimental research formally deploys the scientific method. "Experimental research is guided by a hypothesis (or several hypotheses) that states an expected relationship between two or more variables. An experiment is conducted to support or disconfirm this experimental hypothesis….Experimental research, although very demanding of time and resources, often produces the soundest evidence concerning...
Experimental research can yield the most valuable empirical data for policy makers wishing to create change, for example, concluding if a particular program works to prevent crime. However, of all the forms of research it is the most narrow in its focus, and may ignore other variables which could produce the eventual result. The use of a control group is designed to eliminate other variables from influencing the experiment. But it is so targeted it may eliminate other fields of interest and value from the focus of the researcher.
References
Kravitz, K. (2013). Understanding and enjoying research. IAFC. Retrieved:
http://www.unm.edu/~lkravitz/Article%20folder/understandres.html
Mitchell, Mark. (n.d.). Non-experimental methods. General Psychology Page. Retrieved:
http://psy1.clarion.edu/mm/General/Methods/Methods.html
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