Sign Up Now
Get instant access to over 1 million+ study documents
OR
Already registered? click here to login
By creating your account, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and student honor code.
Sexual Assault Forensic Examinations
Forensic Examinations of Sexual Assaults
Forensics is often associated with murder, but it can play a crucial role in solving sexual assault cases as well. Forensic evidence is often left in sexual assault cases, making it easily traceable and recordable in order to pursue a case in court against a perpetrator. Sexual Assault cases need special attention and care because of the extreme intimate nature of the crime and the need to provide justice for the victim. There are specific criteria for the protocol of examining and investigating a sexual assault that must be followed in order to ensure the preservation of any potential evidence. The following report discusses this protocol from a medical and investigative perspective.
Discussion
There are very specific national and state guidelines for the investigative purposes revolving cases of sexual assault. Forensic specialists and medical examiners must adhere to these strict guidelines in order to treat sexual assault evidence as carefully as any other type of violent crime. Thus, forensic examiners must "promote high-quality, sensitive, and supportive exams for all victims, regardless of jurisdiction and geographical location of service provision" (DNA Initiative, 2013, 12). There is a strict standardization in regards to exams and documentations in order to ensure that evidence remains valid in court. As the research suggests "Preserving DNA evidence can be key to identifying the perpetrator in a sexual assault case, especially those in which the offender is a stranger. DNA evidence is an integral part of a law enforcement investigation that can build a strong case to show that a sexual assault occurred and to show that the defendant is the source of biological material left on the victim's body" (RAINN, 2013). Examinations are curial for providing evidence to court. As such, it is important to act quickly. It is true that "you could lose evidence waiting" (Associated Press, 2014). Yet, sometimes there are only a certain number of certified forensic professionals which can take on cases. This has prompted change in states like Louisiana to start training emergency nurses in the process of forensic handling of...
According to the research, "Hearts of Hope began the Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners program to alleviate what was often an hours-long wait for an exam and the potential loss of critical evidence, or prevent a patient from leaving the emergency room before treatment" (Associated Press, 2014). The examination process is key to creating a good case.
The very first concern from a medical perspective is to address any initial medical concerns of the victim, meaning treating any injuries and stabilizing the victim. Any treatment for physical injury must be taken care of before the collection of evidence can commence. All injuries needed to be detailed thoroughly in the forensic report. This includes photographing any injuries to include in the report as well, with clear markers like rulers used to show depth. According to the research, "toluidine blue dye can be used to help examiner visualize small cuts and abrasions on genital areas. The dye does stain and should only be used when examiner finds it necessary," (Florida Department of Law Enforcement, 2013, 3). When there are enough inferences to suggest that there was a certain type of drug or illicit substance, a blood and urine sample must be gathered as soon as possible in order to be able to detect anything abnormal within the victim's system (Florida Department of Law Enforcement, 2013). In the case of potential oral assault, swaps of the mouth are also necessary. All swabs used in the investigation need to be completely sterilized. This includes both vaginal swabs and cervical swabs, which aim to collect any evidence of sperm or other liquids presence in the body. Pubic hairs can be plucked, with hair only being cut if there is the matted material in a larger chunk of hair. Additionally, "fingernail scrapings can be taken by moistening a sterile swab and gently rolling the swab under each finger, which individual swabs used for the right and left hands, which are then placed in separate evidence bags" (Florida Department of Law Enforcement, 2013, 3). Nothing can be overlooked in regards to the physical examination in order to provide the most conclusive evidence in court.
After the most important processes of the investigation, the victim…
References
DNA Initiative. (2013). A National Protocol for Sexual Assault Medical Forensic Examinations. U.S. Department of Justice: Office on Violence Against Women. Web. https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ovw/241903.pdf
Florida Department of Law Enforcement. (2013). Detailed instruction list for forensic exam kit. Content. Web. http://www.fdle.state.fl.us/Content/
RAINN. (2013). Preserving and collecting forensic evidence. Aftermath of Sexual Assault. Web. http://www.rainn.org/get-information/aftermath-of-sexual-assault/preserving-and-collecting-forensic-evidence
The Associated Press. (2014). Program that trains nurses to conduct forensic sexual assault exams to expand Iberia Parish. Daily Journal. Web. http://www.dailyjournal.net/view/story/b8a3f7b2e8814ff1b7915267c951ec29/LA -- Nursing-Program/#.UuuCzvtXZ_I
2). At all times, the medical examiner needs to respect the victim, and taken into account victim rights by appointing a victim advocate when necessary. The forensic medical examiners could be providing the prosecution with key evidence, a fact that should be communicated to the victim to alleviate distress (IACP, 2004). A victim advocate will also notify the victim of his or her rights in the case, advising the
The only medical issues documented in this report are acute findings that potentially relate to the assault or preexisting medical factors that could influence interpretation of findings. Separate medical documentation by examiners and other involved clinicians follows a standard approach -- address acute complaints, gather pertinent historical data, describe findings, and document treatment and follow-up care; and (2) Ensuring the accuracy and objectivity of medical forensic reports by seeking
Batchen (2005) defines the components of the nursing process as the client, the environment, the definition of health, and the definition of the nurse's role. Another trend in healthcare to be addressed is the reduction of enrollment in Registered Nurse (RN) programs, which has led to a shortage of trained nurses. This trend is important because the role of the forensic nurse has changed as a result of the
Sexual Assault Treatment Center Describe the social problem for the community Sexual assault is a criminal sexual act, either physical or otherwise, committed by a perpetrator against a victim (usually a child) using physical, intimidation/force, or emotional manipulation. Sexual assault subjects the victim to the perpetrator's demands through use of coercion, force, manipulation or explicit/implicit threats. Sexual assault is considered criminal because the act is committed against a victim without seeking his
In 2002 the crime lab in the state of Mississippi found that the semen in the victim's body belonged to two different men and neither of them was Kennedy Brewer. Balko concludes by stating: "Forensic scandals have been troublingly common of late, with phony experts, fake results, and incompetent testing recently uncovered in Virginia, Maryland, Kansas, Illinois, and Texas, to name just a few. Courts need to take a
Hair is also in contact with chemicals in shampoos, and any dyes, gels, sprays or other cosmetics that may be placed on the hair (11). Since there is no standardized method for cleaning these external contaminants off of the hair prior to analysis, the potential for inaccurate results from external contamination is widespread. There is no way to tell in the laboratory if a chemical is contained within the hair,