France True False True Melies Renoir Pagnol

France

True

False

True

True

Melies

Renoir

Pagnol

Beau Serge -- Chabrol, Quatre Cents Coup -- Truffaut; Hiroshima Mon Amour -- Resnais; Bout de Souffle -- Godard; Jules et Jim -- Truffaut; Cleo de 5 a 7 -- Varda; Le Mepris -- Godard

Shoah -- A;l Jean de Florette -- E; Au Revoir, les Enfants -- B; Nikita -- F; la Haine -- D; L'Humanite -- C

True

Longest Day -- A; Bourne Identity - C; To Catch A Thief -- French Riviera; Da Vinci Code -- Louvre; Marie Antoinette -- Versailles

American Film Festival -- Deauville; Short Film Festival -- Clermont Ferrand; Festival of Detective Movies -- Cognac

False

True

True

Marie Antoinette

True

a, b…(c -- the number is 35, not 50).

ready to wear

Chanel

Le Redoute -- mail order; Les Galeries Lafayette - traditional department store; Tati -- low budget chain store

True

Question 1. The kings probably change a fair bit, but I was not provided with the portraits so cannot properly answer the question.

Question 2. The French Revolution is so important for the modern world because it represented the first rising of the people against the aristocracy. Prior to this point, such an uprising was essentially unheard of. The French Republic was born, and this was more or less the first major move towards the era of the modern nation-state. Further, the people learned that they could affect change on society, including the way it was constructed and the way people thought about it. The French Revolution was the first time that the humanism that had been developing since the Renaissance was applied to politics. The French Revolution was made possible by the fact that the king was weak -- this weakness gave confidence to Robespierre.

Question 3. Aside from the weakness of the king and the loss of the Seven Years' War, and then lots of hunger, the French Revolution was facilitated by Enlightenment thinking, which caused people to view their world differently, especially in terms of their relationships with royalty and the church. The major writers and thinkers were Rousseau and Montesquieu. The French people had negative feelings about Marie Antoinette in part because she was Austrian. Austria was a traditional enemy of the French, but she also knew little about France or its customs and she did not care much to learn about them, either. She also spent lavishly even during hard times, which also angered the French people.

Question 4. The third estate is the commoners, more precisely the relatively privileged commoners. Included in this group was anybody not royalty or clergy, nor the peasants. Food was important in the revolution. Because of high population growth, France was short on food, and it was the hunger of the peasants that drove them to rebel. The Revolution was quite violent, and this was viewed as necessary by Robespierre to reset societal order. Marat was strongly pro-violence as a response to the indulgences of the king and queen.

Question 5. The Declaration of the Rights of Man came about from the National Assembly. It defined the rights for each of the estates of the realm, and claiming that the rights of man are universal. This document included the three realms -- royalty, clergy and the privileged commoners. There was no direct connection between the U.S. Bill of Rights or Constitution and this document, but they did share some of the same contributors in a sense, because Thomas Jefferson was in France at the time and consulted on the idea. Marie Antoinette did not say "Let them eat cake." That is a myth.